Histology

PURPOSE: High-grade neuroendocrine carcinoma (HGNEC) of the lung is an aggressive cancer with a complex biology. We aimed to explore the prognostic value of genetic aberrations and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP1) expression in HGNEC and to establish a novel prognostic model. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively enrolled 191 patients with histologically confirmed HGNEC of the lung. Tumor tissues were analyzed using PARP1 immunohistochemistry (IHC; N = 191) and comprehensive cancer panel sequencing (n = 102)...

Monitoring neoplasms in standardized registries facilitates epidemiologic studies of risk factors for tumor development and predisposition. In an observational study, we determined incidence rates (IR) and malignant tumor incidence rate ratios (IRR) by age, sex, and breed in Swiss dogs using demographic data from the official Swiss dog registration database Amicus. The dataset analyzed included 54'986 tumors diagnosed by histology and cytology in four Swiss veterinary pathology laboratories between 2008 and 2020...

PURPOSE: The diagnosis of conjunctival squamous intraepithelial neoplasia (CSIN) can be difficult because of the heterogeneous appearance. Despite established risk factors and diagnostic support by high-resolution optical coherence tomography (hrOCT) and indocyanine green angiography (ICGA), the only reliable diagnostic method is a histological work-up. This case report is the first to describe corneal microaneurysms in CSIN as a vascular feature for conjunctival tumor angiogenesis. METHODS: An 84-year-old male patient was referred with a suspected diagnosis of pterygium...

BACKGROUND: Even in cancer of unknown primary (CUP), which is rare clinical condition, solitary anterosuperior lymph node (LN) along the common hepatic artery (No.8a LN) enlargement diagnosed as metastatic adenocarcinoma has never been reported. CASE PRESENTATION: A 68-year-old Japanese male, with a history of early gastric cancer that had been completely treated by endoscopic submucosal dissection 26 years ago, was detected a single enlarged nodule along the common hepatic artery, No...

Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is regarded as a type of respiratory failure. Emerging evidence has demonstrated the significant roles of microRNAs in various disorders. Nevertheless, the role of miR-202-3p in ARDS is unclear. Forty male C57BL/6 mice treated with phosphate buffer saline/lipopolysaccharide (PBS/LPS) and administrated with NC/miR-202-3p agomir were divided into four groups. A reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction was used to evaluate the level of miR-202-3p, its target genes, and proinflammatory factors...

The study investigated the relationship between the histological compositions of the tricuspid, pulmonary, mitral, and aortic valves, and age. All 85 fresh human hearts were obtained with an age range between 20 and 90 years. The central area of the valves was conducted to analyze the density of collagen and elastic fibers by using an image analysis program. Neural network function in MATLAB was used for classification data and accuracy test of the age predictive model. Overall, a gradual increase in the density of collagen and elastic fibers was demonstrated with age in all valve types...

BACKGROUND: Radical resection remains the only potential cure in the management of inferior vena cava (IVC) leiomyosarcomas with multivisceral resections often needed (Borghi et al. in J Cardiovasc Surg (Torino) 63:649-663, 2022). This video describes the technical nuances of surgical resection of a large retrohepatic IVC leiomyosarcoma. PATIENT AND METHODS: Computed tomography of a 60-year-old woman revealed a 12 × 12 × 9.5 cm mass in the right suprarenal region infiltrating the IVC with intraluminal extension up to the hepatic venous confluence...

PURPOSE: To assess the real-world prevalence of microsatellite instability (MSI)/mismatch repair (MMR) testing and related tumor status in recurrent/advanced endometrial cancer patients in Europe. METHODS: Data were from two multi-center, retrospective patient chart review studies conducted in the United Kingdom, Germany, Italy, France and Spain: The Endometrial Cancer Health Outcomes-Europe-First-Line (ECHO-EU-1L) study and the ECHO-EU-Second-Line (ECHO-EU-2L) study...

BACKGROUND: Sinonasal Mucosal Melanoma (SNMM) is a rare but aggressive disease. Surgery with free margins, when feasible, is the treatment of choice. In the last three decades, electrochemotherapy (ECT) has emerged as a local ablative procedure, performed with the Cliniporator, for cutaneous and mucosal tumours of different histology. We present a case report of an ECT treatment performed by means of a new endoscopic electrode, on an elderly patient affected by primary SNMM. METHODS: An 88-year-old man with a diagnosis of SNMM (cT4aN0M0)-Stage IV, of the left nasal fossa presented at our institution...

OBJECTIVES: To distinguish histological subtypes of renal tumors using radiomic features and machine learning (ML) based on multiphase computed tomography (CT). MATERIAL AND METHODS: Patients who underwent surgical treatment for renal tumors at two tertiary centers from 2012 to 2022 were included retrospectively. Preoperative arterial (corticomedullary) and venous (nephrogenic) phase CT scans from these centers, as well as from external imaging facilities, were manually segmented, and standardized radiomic features were extracted...

A 62-year-old woman, originally from Peru, with rheumatoid arthritis under treatment with anti-tumor necrosis factor (anti-TNF) therapy, was admitted due to constitutional syndrome and suspicion of neoplasia. Computed tomography (CT) scan revealed involvement of three segments of the colon, ascites, and likely peritoneal implants. Ascitic fluid analysis showed elevated adenosine deaminase (ADA) levels and lymphocytosis. The patient presented with hematemesis and hematochezia with hemodynamic instability. Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy identified an extensive ulcer in the middle esophagus with a granular base, elevated and defined edges, indeterminate for malignancy and without blood residues...

BACKGROUND: The immune response secondary to inflammation that develops in acute pancreatitis plays an important role in the clinical course of the disease. This study aims to evaluate the changes in various cytokines and chemokines according to the severity of pancreatitis. METHODS: Twenty-one female Wistar albino rats were divided into three equal groups. The control group received no intervention. Intraperitoneal cerulein was administered to the other groups once per hour for five hours at doses of 50 µg/kg and 80 µg/kg for the mild and severe pancreatitis groups, respectively...

Background: Myelomeningocele or spina bifida is an open neural tube defect that is characterized by protrusion of the meninges and the spinal cord through a deformity in the vertebral arch and spinous process. Myelomeningocele of post-natal tissue is well described; however, pre-natal tissue of this defect has no known previous histologic characterization. We compared the histology of different forms of pre-natal myelomeningocele and post-natal myelomeningocele tissue obtained via prenatal intrauterine and postnatal surgical repairs...

Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) is a widely employed technique in proteomics research for studying the proteome biology of various clinical samples. Hard tissues, such as bone and teeth, are routinely preserved using synthetic poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) embedding resins that enable histological, immunohistochemical, and morphological examination. However, the suitability of PMMA-embedded hard tissues for large-scale proteomic analysis remained unexplored. This study is the first to report on the feasibility of PMMA-embedded bone samples for LC-MS/MS analysis...

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) can provide survival benefits to cancer patients; however, they sometimes result in the development of renal immune-related adverse events (irAEs). Tubulointerstitial nephritis (TIN) is the most representative pathological feature of renal irAEs. However, the clinicopathological entity and underlying pathogenesis of ICI-induced TIN are unclear. Therefore, we compared the clinical and histological features of this condition with those of non-ICI drug-induced TIN. Age and C-reactive protein levels were significantly higher in ICI-induced TIN, but there were no significant differences in renal function...

Meningioma represents the most frequent tumor of the central nervous system (CNS). Correlations between the presence of mast cells (MCs) and grade or other histological features of meningioma are still debated. Our study aimed to better understand the relationship between mast cells and meningiomas and to compare our results based on specific histological subtypes and novel 2021 CNS WHO grading system. We observed some differences as regards the number of MCs and meningioma grade. In low-grade (grade 1) meningiomas, MCs were observed in 7/22 cases, while they were consistently present in all eight high-grade cases (grade 2 and grade  3)...

OBJECTIVE: To analyze morphological changes in wall of functioning and non-functioning small intestine in patients with preventive ileostomy and to determine histological predictors of water-electrolyte disorders. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We prospectively analyzed 57 patients >18 years old who underwent rectal resection with preventive ileostomy between January 2022 and November 2023. Anthropometric data included gender, age, body mass index, ECOG and ASA classes...

A model construction of systemic acute leukemia is challenging. Herein, we established a systemic leukemia mouse model using highly immunodeficient NPG mice without any immunosuppressive treatments. NPG mice received tail intravenous injection of SHI-1 cells at the concentration of 1×107 cells (group A) or 5×107 cells (group B) and randomly sacrificed each seven days post-inoculation. Tumor development was monitored using nested-PCR, peripheral blood-smear analysis, flow cytometry, pathological examinations, and immunohistochemistry...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Little is known about malignant central airway obstruction (MCAO) complicating the metastatic spread of non-bronchogenic solid cancers (NBC) and their bronchoscopic management. This study aimed to describe the epidemiology of this population and determine prognostic factors before therapeutic bronchoscopy (TB). METHODS: In this multicenter study using the EpiGETIF registry, we analysed patients treated with TB for MCAO caused by NBC between January 2019 and December 2022...

BACKGROUND: Epigenetic age estimators (clocks) are predictive of human mortality risk. However, it is not yet known whether the epigenetic age of atherosclerotic plaques is predictive for the risk of cardiovascular events. METHODS: Whole-genome DNA methylation of human carotid atherosclerotic plaques (n=485) and of blood (n=93) from the Athero-Express endarterectomy cohort was used to calculate epigenetic age acceleration (EAA). EAA was linked to clinical characteristics, plaque histology, and future cardiovascular events (n=136)...