Case conceptualization

INTRODUCTION: Restless Legs Syndrome (RLS) is a widely prevalent and complex neurological disorder. Despite notable advancements in managing RLS, the disorder continues to face challenges related to its recognition and management. OBJECTIVE: This study seeks to gain comprehensive insights into the knowledge and clinical practices among Italian neurologists regarding RLS diagnosis, management, and treatment, comparing approaches among general neurologists, movement disorder specialists, and sleep experts...

BACKGROUND: Depression is associated with higher rates of premature mortality in people with physical comorbidities, such as type 2 diabetes. Conceptually, the successful treatment of depression in people with type 2 diabetes could prevent premature mortality. AIMS: To investigate the association between antidepressant prescribing and the rates of all-cause and cause-specific (endocrine, cardiovascular, respiratory, cancer, unnatural) mortality in individuals with comorbid depression and type 2 diabetes...

Fanconi-Bickel syndrome (FBS) is a rare metabolic disorder caused by decreased glucose transporter 2 (GLUT2) function due to several known mutations in the SLC2A2 gene. As of 2020, 144 cases of FBS have been described in the literature. Metabolic and somatic sequelae include dysglycemia and accumulation of glycogen in the kidney and liver. However, there are no descriptions in the literature of possible neuropsychiatric manifestations of FBS. This case report is to our knowledge the first in this regard, describing a patient with FBS who was admitted to our psychiatric inpatient unit while experiencing acute mania...

Physical literacy (PL), a concept commonly associated with the early years, physical education, and youth sport development, can become a meaningful determinant of health and longevity for the adult and older adult population. A review of 55 recent publications from 2018 to 2023 that encompassed physical literacy conceptual frameworks, assessments, and intervention-based studies was undertaken through an heuristic inspired by the philosophy which gave birth to PL. With particular interest in how PL has evolved in response to the needs of an aging population, this position paper tracks a key shift in focus from the individual to the relational context...

Artificial intelligence (AI) has seen numerous applications for risk analysis and provides ample opportunities for developing new and improved methods and models for this purpose. In the present article, we conceptualize the use of AI for risk analysis by framing it as an input-algorithm-output process and linking such a setup to three tasks in establishing a risk description: consequence characterization, uncertainty characterization, and knowledge management. We then give an overview of currently used concepts and methods for AI-based risk analysis and outline potential future uses by extrapolating beyond currently produced types of output...

Prolonged incest, where children are sexually abused by familial perpetrators into adulthood, has been documented in clinical and criminological scholarship, however it is often overlooked in research, policy and practice approaches to familial sexual abuse. This article draws on interviews with ten Australian therapists about their clinical work with clients subject to incestuous abuse continuing into adulthood. It outlines their descriptions of these cases, the nature of the reported abuse and factors that facilitated prolonged and ongoing incest, including at the time of therapy...

Suicide remains a leading cause of death in the United States (U.S.) Armed Forces. Access to firearms increases the risk of death by suicide due to the high lethality of firearm-related injuries (~90% in suicide attempts) and the highly dynamic nature of suicide which includes rapid change from low- to high-risk states. Critical gaps remain in research, programming, and communication amongst scientists, Department of Defense (DoD) programmatic leaders, front-line commanders, and service members. To enhance communication and coordination, in June 2022, the first-ever national "Firearm Suicide Prevention in the Military: Messaging and Interventions Summit " was held, with discussion of Firearm Leadership, a concept that emphasizes the importance of communication about lethal means safety (LMS) among military leaders and service members...

INTRODUCTION: A recent meta-analysis showed that only four prior studies have shown that magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can change the fracture classification in 17% and treatment decisions in 22% of cases. However, previous studies showed a wide methodological variability regarding the study population, the definition of posterior ligamentous complex (PLC) injury, and outcome measures. RESEARCH QUESTION: How can we standardize the reporting of the impact of MRI for neurologically intact patients with thoracolumbar fractures? MATERIAL AND METHODS: All available literature regarding the impact of MRI on thoracolumbar fracture classification or decision-making were reviewed...

Background "Awe" is typically an inspiring emotional response to perceptually vast stimuli signifying the transcendence beyond all cognitive frames of reference when we encounter the unexpected. Physicians' experience of awe in clinical care interactions has not been studied in an empirical, evidence-based way. We aim to present a focused study of awe in a psychiatrist's empathic listening (EL) assessments and propose an evidence-based framework to study it. Methodology This is an exploratory case series of a psychiatrist's EL interactions (mean duration/ x̄ of 46...

Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C) is a secondary immune manifestation of COVID-19 involving multiple organ systems in the body, resulting in fever, skin rash, abdominal pain, nausea, shock, and cardiac dysfunction that often lead to hospitalization. Although many of these symptoms resolve following anti-inflammatory treatment, the long-term neurological and psychiatric sequelae of MIS-C are unknown. In this review, we will summarize two domains of the MIS-C disease course, 1) Neuroinflammation in the MIS-C brain and 2) Psychosocial disruptions resulting from stress and hospitalization...

BACKGROUND: The World Health Organization (WHO) plays a crucial role in producing global guidelines. In response to previous criticism, WHO has made efforts to enhance the process of guideline development, aiming for greater systematicity and transparency. However, it remains unclear whether these changes have effectively addressed these earlier critiques. This paper examines the policy process employed by WHO to inform guideline recommendations, using the update of the WHO Consolidated HIV Testing Services (HTS) Guidelines as a case study...

This poster discusses Automated Research Workflows (ARWs) in the context of a FAIR data ecosystem for the science of science research. We offer a conceptual discussion from the point of view of information science and technology using several cases of "data problems" in the science of science research to illustrate the characteristics and expectations for designers and developers of a FAIR data ecosystem. Drawing from a 10-year data science project developing GenBank metadata workflows, we incorporate the ideas of ARWs into the FAIR data ecosystem discussion to set a broader context and increase generalizability...

BACKGROUND: Itch terminology is ambiguous. How itch was described in online materials and how terminology influenced the readability of these materials was previously unknown. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Two groups of search terms, itch and prurigo, were translated into five of the most prevalent European Union (EU) languages. The itch group consisted of "itch" and "pruritus." The prurigo group consisted of "prurigo," "prurigo nodularis," and "chronic prurigo". Then, a search of the terms in each language was queried in the Google search engine in the private mode of the Internet browser...

AIMS: To analyse the concept of eating experiences in people living with dementia. DESIGN: Rodgers' evolutionary method of concept analysis was used as a framework for the paper. DATA SOURCES: The literature was searched using electronic databases PubMed, Google Scholar, CINHAL, PsycInfo, Web of Science, Embase and Elsevier databases. These databases cover a variety of disciplines, including but not limited to nursing, medicine and occupational therapy...

OBJECTIVE: To describe the outcomes and quality of care for women and their babies after caesarean section (CS) in Nigerian referral-level hospitals. DESIGN: Secondary analysis of a nationwide cross-sectional study. SETTING: Fifty-four referral-level hospitals. POPULATION: All women giving birth in the participating facilities between 1 September 2019 and 31 August 2020. METHODS: Data for the women were extracted, including sociodemographic data, clinical information, mode of birth, and maternal and perinatal outcomes...

Mobile Health (mHealth) services typically make use of customized software architectures, leading to development-dependent fragmentation. Nevertheless, irrespective of their specific purpose, most mHealth services share common functionalities, where standard pieces could be reused or adapted to expedite service deployment and even extend the follow-up of appearing conditions under the same service. To harness compatibility and reuse, this article presents a data fusion architecture proposing a common design framework for mHealth services...

Social workers have a significant role in empowering clients to discover their own strengths as well as strengths in their environment and to achieve social justice on behalf of oppressed populations. The goal of this exploratory qualitative study was to broaden our knowledge on strength-based approaches in working with minority and collectivist societies via the perspectives of 20 social workers and 19 managers of social service organizations and departments who work with at-risk young-adult Arabs throughout Israel...

Colliders, variables that serve as a common outcome of an independent and dependent variable, pose a major challenge in psychological research. Collider variables can induce bias in the estimation of a population relationship of interest when (a) the composition of a research sample is restricted by scores on a collider variable or (b) researchers adjust for a collider variable in their statistical analyses, as they might do for confounder variables. Both cases interfere with the accuracy and generalizability of statistical results...

BACKGROUND: Catatonia has been increasingly associated with mood disorders and is recognized as a specifier in the DSM-5 and DSM-5-TR. The DSM-5-TR recognizes melancholia as a specifier for depressive episodes in major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder. It is characterized by severe anhedonia, lack of reactivity, excessive or delusional guilt, and significant vegetative symptoms. As the conceptualization of melancholia expanded beyond its mood components to include psychomotor disturbances, its overlap with psychomotor symptoms or catatonia becomes evident...

In engineering design, there often exist multiple conceptual solutions to a given problem. Concept design and selection is the first phase of the design process that is estimated to affect up to 70% of the life cycle cost of a product. Currently, optimization methods are rarely used in this phase, since standard optimization methods inherently assume a fixed (given) concept; and undertaking a full-fledged optimization for each possible concept is untenable. In this paper, we aim to address this gap by developing a framework that searches for optimum solutions efficiently across multiple concepts, where each concept may be defined using a different number, or type, of variables (continuous, binary, discrete, categorical etc...