keyword
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38536800/eurasian-aspen-populus-tremula-l-central-europe-s-keystone-species-hiding-in-plain-sight
#1
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Antonín Kusbach, Jan Šebesta, Robert Hruban, Pavel Peška, Paul C Rogers
Knowledge of Eurasian aspen's (Populus tremula L.) ecological and growth characteristics is of high importance to plant and wildlife community ecology, and noncommercial forest ecosystem services. This research assessed these characteristics, identified aspen's habitat optimum, and examined causality of its current scarce distribution in central Europe. We analyzed a robust database of field measurements (4,656,130 stands) for forest management planning over 78,000 km2 of the Czech territory. Our analysis we used GIS techniques, with basic and multivariate statistics such as general linear models, ordination, and classification...
2024: PloS One
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38536774/the-impact-of-climate-change-on-the-agriculture-and-the-economy-of-southern-gaul-new-perspectives-of-agent-based-modelling
#2
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Nicolas Bernigaud, Alberte Bondeau, Joël Guiot, Frédérique Bertoncello, Marie-Jeanne Ouriachi, Laurent Bouby, Philippe Leveau, Loup Bernard, Delphine Isoardi
What impact did the Roman Climate Optimum (RCO) and the Late Antique Little Ice Age (LALIA) have on the rise and fall of the Roman Empire? Our article presents an agent-based modelling (ABM) approach developed to evaluate the impact of climate change on the profitability of vineyards, olive groves, and grain farms in Southern Gaul, which were the main source of wealth in the roman period. This ABM simulates an agroecosystem model which processes potential agricultural yield values from paleoclimatic data. The model calculates the revenues made by agricultural exploitations from the sale of crops whose annual volumes vary according to climate and market prices...
2024: PloS One
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38536176/estimated-sustainable-cost-based-prices-for-diabetes-medicines
#3
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Melissa J Barber, Dzintars Gotham, Helen Bygrave, Christa Cepuch
IMPORTANCE: The burden of diabetes is growing worldwide. The costs associated with diabetes put substantial pressure on patients and health budgets, especially in low- and middle-income countries. The prices of diabetes medicines are a key determinant for access, yet little is known about the association between manufacturing costs and current market prices. OBJECTIVES: To estimate the cost of manufacturing insulins, sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2Is), and glucagonlike peptide 1 agonists (GLP1As), derive sustainable cost-based prices (CBPs), and compare these with current market prices...
March 4, 2024: JAMA Network Open
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38535668/role-of-the-carbon-nanotube-junction-in-the-mechanical-performance-of-carbon-nanotube-polyethylene-nanocomposites-a-molecular-dynamics-study
#4
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Xian Shi, Xiaoqiao He, Xuefeng Liu
Carbon nanotube (CNT)-based networks are promising reinforcements for polymer nanocomposites without the issue of CNT agglomeration. In this study, the CNT junction, a vital and representative structure of CNT-based networks, was applied as the reinforcement of the polyethylene (PE) matrix. The tensile properties of the CNT-junction/PE nanocomposite were investigated via molecular dynamics (MD) simulations and compared with those of pure PE matrix and conventional CNT/PE nanocomposites. The CNT junction was found to significantly increase the mechanical properties of the PE matrix...
March 14, 2024: Nanomaterials
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38534806/the-requirements-of-managing-phase-i-clinical-trials-risks-the-british-and-italian-case-studies
#5
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Davide Di Tonno, Laura Martena, Manuela Taurisano, Caterina Perlin, Anna Chiara Loiacono, Stefano Lagravinese, Santo Marsigliante, Michele Maffia, Susanna Esposito, Gianluca Villa, Giovanni Gori, Leonardo Bray, Alessandro Distante, Alessandro Miani, Prisco Piscitelli, Alberto Argentiero
Phase I clinical trials represent a critical point in drug development because the investigational medicinal product is being tested in humans for the first time. For this reason, it is essential to evaluate and identify the Maximum Tolerated Dose (MTD) and the safety of the new compound. To mitigate the possible risks associated with drug administration and treatment, the European Competent Authority issued various guidelines to provide provisions and harmonize risk management processes. In the UK and Italy, particular attention should be paid to the Medicines & Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency (MHRA) phase I accreditation scheme and the specific rules set by the Italian Drug Authority through the AIFA Determination no...
March 13, 2024: Epidemiologia (Basel)
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38534694/detection-of-extended-spectrum-beta-lactamase-esbl-producing-enterobacteriaceae-from-diseased-broiler-chickens-in-lusaka-district-zambia
#6
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Chikwanda Chileshe, Misheck Shawa, Nelson Phiri, Joseph Ndebe, Cynthia Sipho Khumalo, Chie Nakajima, Masahiro Kajihara, Hideaki Higashi, Hirofumi Sawa, Yasuhiko Suzuki, Walter Muleya, Bernard Mudenda Hang'ombe
Poultry products in Zambia form an integral part of the human diet in many households, as they are cheap and easy to produce. The burden of poultry diseases has, however, remained a major challenge. Growing consumer demand for poultry products in Zambia has resulted in non-prudent antimicrobial use on farms, intending to prevent and treat poultry diseases for growth optimisation and maximising profits. This cross-sectional study aimed to identify the different types of bacteria causing diseases in chickens in Lusaka and to detect the extended-spectrum lactamase (ESBL)-encoding genes...
March 15, 2024: Antibiotics
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38533922/a-critical-understanding-of-inclusion-in-oral-microbiome-research-through-the-lens-of-racial-capitalism
#7
JOURNAL ARTICLE
R Lala
There are important calls for greater inclusion of Indigenous and racialised communities in oral microbiome research. This paper uses the concept of racial capitalism (the extractive continuity of colonialism) to critically examine this inclusion agenda. Racial capitalism explicitly links capitalist exploitations with wider social oppressions e.g., racisms, sexism, ableism. It is not confined to the commercial sector but pervades white institutions, including universities. By using the lens of racial capitalism, we find inclusion agendas allow white institutions to extract social and economic value from relations of race...
February 29, 2024: Community Dental Health
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38533313/beyond-divest-vs-engage-a-review-of-the-role-of-institutional-investors-in-an-inclusive-fossil-fuel-phase-out
#8
REVIEW
Clara McDonnell, Joyeeta Gupta
Institutional investors, who control as much as $154 trillion globally, may play an important role in shaping the energy transition as major stakeholders in fossil fuel producing, distributing and consuming companies. Research on investors and fossil fuels has focused largely on the divestment movement or on shareholder engagement. However, given their limited success to date, additional strategies to influence the fossil fuel sector are merited. This review paper expands the scope of attention to investors, asking: what strategies for influencing the fossil fuel industry are available to institutional investors and what are the implications of these for achieving an inclusive fossil fuel phase-out? Through a systematic review of 153 papers, we identify seven strategies for influencing the fossil fuel phase-out: divestment, shareholder engagement, hiring practices, engaging the financial sector, engaging indirect financial actors, litigation, and green investment...
2024: Clim Policy
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38533061/enhanced-prediction-of-stock-markets-using-a-novel-deep-learning-model-plstm-tal-in-urbanized-smart-cities
#9
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Saima Latif, Nadeem Javaid, Faheem Aslam, Abdulaziz Aldegheishem, Nabil Alrajeh, Safdar Hussain Bouk
Accurate predictions of stock markets are important for investors and other stakeholders of the equity markets to formulate profitable investment strategies. The improved accuracy of a prediction model even with a slight margin can translate into considerable monetary returns. However, the stock markets' prediction is regarded as an intricate research problem for the noise, complexity and volatility of the stocks' data. In recent years, the deep learning models have been successful in providing robust forecasts for sequential data...
March 30, 2024: Heliyon
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38533009/an-hedonic-evaluation-of-the-impacts-of-vertical-coordination-on-business-performance-amongst-apple-producers-in-morocco
#10
JOURNAL ARTICLE
El Houssain Bouichou, Aziz Fadlaoui, Abdelghani Bouayad, Khalil Allali
We present an econometric analysis of the marketing of apples in Morocco that investigates the relationship between vertical coordination arrangements and the prices of apples for farmers. In this study, the hedonic method is used to evaluate the vertical coordination of apple fruit chains by analyzing the marginal implicit price of different product characteristics. We examine the variables influencing apple prices for farmers, comprising intrinsic factors related to the farm's characteristics and quality attributes such as fruit variety and fruit diameter...
March 30, 2024: Heliyon
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38531679/perspectives-on-the-role-of-industry-in-informatics-research-and-authorship
#11
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Howard R Strasberg, Gretchen Purcell Jackson, Suzanne R Bakken, Aziz Boxwala, Joshua E Richardson, Jon D Morrow
OBJECTIVES: Advances in informatics research come from academic, nonprofit, and for-profit industry organizations, and from academic-industry partnerships. While scientific studies of commercial products may offer critical lessons for the field, manuscripts authored by industry scientists are sometimes categorically rejected. We review historical context, community perceptions, and guidelines on informatics authorship. PROCESS: We convened an expert panel at the American Medical Informatics Association 2022 Annual Symposium to explore the role of industry in informatics research and authorship with community input...
March 26, 2024: Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association: JAMIA
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38531131/a-low-cost-process-for-complete-utilization-of-bauxite-residue
#12
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Shuai Gao, Bing Song, Sicheng Wang, James Vaughan, Zhonghua Zhu, Hong Peng
Cost-effective treatment or even valorization of the bauxite residue (red mud) from the alumina industry is in demand to improve their environmental and economic liabilities. This study proposes a strategy that provides a near-complete conversion of bauxite residue to valuable products. The first step involves dilute acid leaching, which allowed the fractionation of raw residues into (1) an aqueous fraction rich in silica and aluminium and (2) a solid residue rich in iron, titanium and rare earth elements. For the proposed process, 91% of the original silicon, 67% of the aluminium, 78% of the scandium and 69% of the cerium were recovered...
March 25, 2024: Journal of Environmental Management
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38530843/random-forest-model-in-tax-risk-identification-of-real-estate-enterprise-income-tax
#13
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Chunmei Xu, Yan Kong
The text describes improvements made to the random forest model to enhance its distinctiveness in addressing tax risks within the real estate industry, thereby tackling issues related to tax losses. Firstly, the paper introduces the potential application of the random forest model in identifying tax risks. Subsequently, the experimental analysis focuses on the selection of indicators for tax risk. Finally, the paper develops and utilizes actual taxpayer data to test a risk identification model, confirming its effectiveness...
2024: PloS One
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38530038/assessing-the-impact-of-socio-demographics-and-farming-activity-on-ward-level-mortality-patterns-using-farm-and-population-decennial-censuses
#14
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Kelly Trearty, Brendan Bunting, John Mallett
INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE: Farmers experience a specific set of unique dangers, which increases their risk of mortality compared with any other occupation. This study hypothesised that Northern Ireland's (NIs) agriculturally saturated Wards have a higher risk of mortality compared against non-agriculturally based Wards. DESIGN: The Population Census and Farm Census information were downloaded from the Northern Ireland Neighbourhood Service (NINIS) online depository to compile three mortality-based data sets (2001, 2011, pooled data sets)...
March 26, 2024: Australian Journal of Rural Health
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38525996/internal-electric-field-facilitates-facet-dependent-photocatalytic-cl-utilization-on-biocl-in-high-salinity-wastewater-for-ammonium-removal
#15
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Yuanyi Zhou, Zhaofen Xu, Lingfang Tang, Junhao Qin, Gang Lu, Haojie Dong, Zhenfeng Bian, Mingshan Zhu
High Cl- concentration in saline wastewater (e.g., landfill leachate) limits wastewater purification. Catalytic Cl- conversion into reactive chlorine species (RCS) arises as a sustainable strategy, making the salinity profitable for efficient wastewater treatment. Herein, aiming to reveal the structure-property relationship in Cl- utilization, bismuth oxychloride (BiOCl) photocatalysts with coexposed {001} and {110} facets are synthesized. With an increasing {001} ratio, the RCS production efficiency increases from 75...
March 25, 2024: Environmental Science & Technology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38525730/timely-cheap-or-risk-free-the-effect-of-regulation-on-the-price-and-availability-of-new-drugs
#16
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Laura Levaggi, Rosella Levaggi
The high level of regulation of innovative drugs on the market, which is necessary to protect consumers, produces important effects on drug availability and innovation. In public healthcare systems, the need to curb prices comes from expenditure considerations. The aim of price regulation is to obtain a more equitable allocation of the value of an innovative drug between industries and patients (by reducing prices to make drugs more affordable), but it may also reduce access. (In the listing process, the industry may find it more convenient to limit commercialisation to profitable subgroups of patients...
March 18, 2024: Pharmacy (Basel, Switzerland)
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38525492/impact-of-sociodemographic-and-hospital-factors-on-inpatient-bilateral-reduction-mammaplasty-a-national-inpatient-sample-analysis
#17
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Dylan K Kim, Jeffrey A Ascherman
BACKGROUND: Although reduction mammaplasty remains a common procedure in plastic surgery, its interaction with sociodemographic and economic disparities has remained relatively uncharacterized on a nationwide scale. METHODS: Patients who underwent reduction mammaplasty were identified within the 2016-2018 National Inpatient Sample databases. In addition to clinical comorbidities, sociodemographic characteristics, hospital-level variables, and postoperative outcomes of each patient were collected for analysis...
March 2024: Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery. Global Open
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38523478/advocacy-connection-team-now-educational-program-for-headache-fellows-and-patients-caregivers-assessment-of-educational-objectives
#18
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Courtney Seebadri-White, Hsiangkuo Yuan, William B Young, Karissa N Arca
OBJECTIVE: To assess for improvement in comfort in participating in advocacy for migraine and headache disorders and knowledge needed for successful advocacy. BACKGROUND: The Advocacy Connection Team (ACT)-Now program is an educational program offered through Miles for Migraine, a non-profit advocacy organization. It is designed to teach headache fellows and patients advocacy skills. METHODS: In a cross-sectional pre-test-post-test design, the 2021 ACT-Now cohort of 98 participants were administered a set of 11 pre-course survey questions identifying their role (healthcare provider/headache fellow or patient/caregiver), baseline knowledge of migraine-related disability and stigma, and baseline engagement and comfort with advocating...
March 25, 2024: Headache
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38523153/economic-feasibility-study-of-organic-and-conventional-fish-farming-systems-of-indian-major-carps
#19
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Mirza Masum Beg, Subha M Roy, Sanjib Moulick, Basudev Mandal, Taeho Kim, Bimal C Mal
Organic aquaculture is a new approach in the modern farming system. As the capital investment is higher for setting up the organic aquaculture, it is essential to conduct an economic feasibility study with compare the conventional farming system. In the current study, economic feasibility of culturing Indian major carps (IMC) using conventional culture system and organic culture system (OCS) were evaluated. IMC was cultured for three consecutive years from 2017 to 2019 in experimental ponds of 0.015 hectare (ha) area each...
March 25, 2024: Scientific Reports
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38522827/dietary-concentrate-supplementation-increases-milk-production-and-reduces-predicted-greenhouse-gas-emissions-intensity-in-pasture-based-commercial-dairy-farms
#20
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Mulisa F Dida, Sergio C Garcia, Luciano A Gonzalez
Controlled studies have extensively documented that concentrate supplements typically increase enteric methane (CH4 ) emissions and milk yield and reduce emissions per unit of milk produced and dry matter intake. However, there have been no studies conducted to determine the effect of concentrate on predicted greenhouse gas emissions from dairy farms representing the Australian pasture-based farming system. Thus, this study sought to determine how dietary concentrate supplementation affects enteric and manure CH4 , and N2 O of Australian pasture-based dairy farms...
March 22, 2024: Journal of Dairy Science
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