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Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a metabolic disease. Diabetes increases the risk of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Capsaicin is extracted from chili peppers and possesses many pharmacological properties, including anti-diabetic, pain-relieving, and anti-cancer properties. This study aimed to investigate the effects of capsaicin on glucose metabolism and prostate growth in T2DM mice and uncover the related mechanisms. Mice model of diabetes was established by administering a high-fat diet and streptozotocin...

Hyperthyroidism-induced cardiac disease is an evolving health, economic, and social problem affecting well-being. Sodium-glucose cotransporter protein 2 inhibitors (SGLT2-I) have been proven to be cardio-protective when administered in cases of heart failure. This study intended to investigate the potential therapeutic effect of SGLT2-I on hyperthyroidism-related cardiopulmonary injury, targeting the possible underlying mechanisms. The impact of the SGLT2-I, dapagliflozin (DAPA), (1 mg/kg/day, p.o) on LT4 (0...

BACKGROUND: Linear associations between circulating insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) levels and Parkinson's disease (PD) have been evidenced in observational studies. Yet, the causal relationship between IGF-1 levels and PD remains obscure. We conducted Mendelian randomization to examine the correlation between genetically predicted IGF-1 levels and PD. METHODS: By reviewing genome-wide association studies (GWAS) that are publicly accessible, we uncovered SNPs linked to both serum concentrations of IGF-1 and PD...

BACKGROUND: Probiotics are intellectually rewarding for the discovery of their potential as a source of functional food. Investigating the economic and beauty sector dynamics, this study conducted a comprehensive review of scholarly articles to evaluate the capacity of probiotics to promote hair growth and manage dandruff. METHODS: We used the PRISMA 2020 with Embase, Pubmed, ClinicalTrials.gov, Scopus, and ICTRP databases to investigate studies till May 2023. Meta-analyses utilizing the random effects model were used with odds ratios (OR) and standardized mean differences (SMD)...

A type of fermented bile acids (FBAs) has been produced through a biological method, and its effects on growth performance, metabolism, and intestinal microbiota in largemouth bass were investigated. The results demonstrated that incorporating 0.03% to 0.05% FBAs diet could improve the final weight, weight gain and specific growth rate, and decrease the feed conversion ratio. Dietary FBAs did not significantly affect the levels of high-density lipoprotein, low-density lipoprotein, and triglycerides, but decreased the activities of α-amylase in most groups...

Pituitary gigantism is a rare manifestation of chronic growth hormone (GH) excess that begins before closure of the growth plates. Nearly half of pituitary gigantism patients have an identifiable genetic cause. X-linked acrogigantism (X-LAG; 10% of pituitary gigantism) typically begins during infancy and can lead to the tallest individuals described. In the 10 years since its discovery, about 40 patients have been identified. Patients with X-LAG usually develop mixed GH and prolactin macroadenomas with occasional hyperplasia that secrete copious amounts of GH, and frequently prolactin...

BACKGROUND: The study aimed to investigate the effect of Glucagon-like peptide-2 (GLP-2) on muscle aging in vivo and in vitro. METHODS: Six-week-old C57BL/6J mice were administered with D-galactose (200 mg/kg/day, intraperitoneally) for 8weeks, followed by daily subcutaneous injections of GLP-2 (300 or 600 μg/kg/day) for 4weeks. Skeletal muscle function and mass were evaluated using relative grip strength and muscle weight. The sizes and types of muscle fibers and apoptosis were assessed through histological analysis, immunofluorescence staining, and TUNEL staining, respectively...

Intestinal oxidative stress in broilers is produced by chronic heat stress (HS) and has a negative impact on poultry performance as it induces intestinal inflammation and promotes the invasion of gram-negative bacteria, such as bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Therefore, dietary inclusion of the antioxidant compound, ethoxyquin (EQ), could improve enteric antioxidant capacity, immune responses, and the epithelial barrier, and maintain the symbiotic gut microbiota community. To investigate the effects of EQ supplementation on alleviating enteric oxidative stress in heat-stressed broilers, 200 one-day-old male Ross 308 broilers were randomly assigned to 4 groups (n = 50 chicks/group; n = 10 chicks/replicate) and fed a basal diet supplemented with 0 (CT), 50 (EQ-50), 100 (EQ-100), and 200 (EQ-200) mg EQ/ kg-1 for 5 wk...

An abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a life-threatening cardiovascular disease. We identified plasma insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) as an independent risk factor in patients with AAA by correlating plasma IGF1 with risk. Smooth muscle cell- or fibroblast-specific knockout of Igf1r , the gene encoding the IGF1 receptor (IGF1R), attenuated AAA formation in two mouse models of AAA induced by angiotensin II infusion or CaCl2 treatment. IGF1R was activated in aortic aneurysm samples from human patients and mice with AAA...

The aim of this study was to evaluate specific single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) of transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) (rs1800469) and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) (rs17032362) genes in Class II individuals with a normal maxilla and retrognathic (short) mandible.

Arginine, which is metabolized into ornithine, proline, and nitric oxide, plays an important role in embryonic development. The present study was conducted to investigate the molecular mechanism of arginine in proliferation, differentiation, and physiological function of porcine trophoblast cells (pTr2) through metabolic pathways. The results showed that arginine significantly increased cell viability (P < 0.05). The addition of arginine had a quadratic tendency to increase the content of progesterone (P = 0...

INTRODUCTION: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is a systemic disease characterized not only by respiratory symptoms but also by physical deconditioning and muscle weakness. One prominent manifestation of this disease is the decline in respiratory muscle strength. Previous studies have linked the genotypes of insulin-like growth factor 1 and 2 (IGF-1 and IGF-2) to muscle weakness in other populations without this disease. However, there is a notable knowledge gap regarding the biological mechanisms underlying respiratory muscle weakness, particularly the role of IGF-1 and IGF-2 genotypes in this pulmonary disease...

INTRODUCTION: Insulin-like growth factor type I (IGF-I) has gained considerable notoriety in military training, primarily because it is responsible for energy deficits and sensitive to an inadequate protein intake, which are situations that are commonly experienced in specific military operations. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the kinetics of IGF-I and insulin-like growth factor binding protein type 3 (IGFBP-3) in a 4-day military field training exercise. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The sample comprised 12 male soldiers (21...

BACKGROUND & AIMS: The liver is a vital organ responsible for numerous metabolic processes, which can be significantly impacted by long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and microRNAs (miRNAs). These ribonucleic acid (RNA) molecules have been shown to play a crucial role in regulating gene expression, and their dysregulation has been implicated in numerous liver disorders. Our study aimed to investigate the diagnostic accuracy of plasmacytoma variant translocation-1 (PVT-1), microRNA-29a/29b (miR-29a/miR-29b), and inflammatory biomarkers [ interleukine-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β), and insulin growth factor-1 (IGF-1)] as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for liver cirrhosis...

BACKGROUND: Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) hold immense promise in guiding treatment strategies for advanced gastric cancer (GC). However, their clinical impact has been limited due to challenges in identifying epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-CTCs using conventional methods. METHODS: To bridge this knowledge gap, we established a detection platform for CTCs based on the distinctive biomarker cell surface vimentin (CSV). A prospective study involving 127 GC patients was conducted, comparing CTCs enumeration using both EpCAM and CSV...

PURPOSE: Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICPIs) disrupting PD-1/PD-L1 axis have revolutionized the management of advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Some studies identified the development of endocrine toxicity as predictor of better survival in cancer patients treated with ICPIs. The aim of study was to evaluate survival and new onset of immune-related endocrine adverse events (irAEs) in patients treated with nivolumab for advanced NSCLC. METHODS: In a prospective study, 73 patients with previously treated advanced NSCLC received nivolumab in monotherapy...

Naked mole-rats (NMRs) are among the most hypoxia-tolerant mammals and metabolize only carbohydrates in hypoxia. Glucose is the primary building block of dietary carbohydrates but how blood glucose is regulated during hypoxia has not been explored in NMRs. We hypothesized that NMRs mobilize glucose stores to support anaerobic energy metabolism in hypoxia. To test this, we treated newborn, juvenile, and adult (subordinate and queen) NMRs in normoxia (21% O2) or hypoxia (7, 5, or 3% O2), while measuring metabolic rate, body temperature and blood [glucose]...

Insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) facilitates mitotic and anabolic actions in all tissues. In skeletal muscle, IGF-I can promote growth and resolution of damage by promoting satellite cell proliferation and differentiation, suppressing inflammation, and enhancing fiber formation. While the most well-characterized form of IGF-I is the mature protein, alternative splicing and post-translational modification complexity lead to several additional forms of IGF-I. Previous studies showed muscle efficiently stores glycosylated pro-IGF-I...

Zebrafish have a lifelong cardiac regenerative ability after damage, whereas mammals lose this capacity during early postnatal development. This study investigated whether the declining expression of growth factors during postnatal mammalian development contributes to the decrease of cardiomyocyte regenerative potential. Besides confirming the proliferative ability of neuregulin 1 (NRG1), interleukin (IL)1b, receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-Β ligand (RANKL), insulin growth factor (IGF)2, and IL6, we identified other potential pro-regenerative factors, with BMP7 exhibiting the most pronounced efficacy...

BACKGROUND: Human subjects with generalized growth hormone (GH) insensitivity due to GH receptor deficiency (GHRD)/Laron syndrome display a very low incidence of insulin resistance, diabetes, and cancer, as well as delayed age-related cognitive decline. However, the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in these subjects is poorly understood. Here, we have assessed cardiovascular function, damage, and risk factors in GHRD subjects and their relatives. METHODS: We measured markers of CVD in two phases: one in a cohort of 30 individuals (GHRD = 16, control relatives = 14) brought to USC (in Los Angeles, CA) and one in a cohort including additional individuals examined in Ecuador (where the subjects live) for a total of 44 individuals (GHRD = 21, control relatives = 23)...