keyword
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38472324/impact-of-enriched-environment-on-motor-performance-and-learning-in-mice
#1
JOURNAL ARTICLE
S Dijkhuizen, L M C Van Ginneken, A H C IJpelaar, S K E Koekkoek, C I De Zeeuw, H J Boele
Neuroscience heavily relies on animal welfare in laboratory rodents as it can significantly affect brain development, cognitive function and memory formation. Unfortunately, laboratory animals are often raised in artificial environments devoid of physical and social stimuli, potentially leading to biased outcomes in behavioural assays. To assess this effect, we examined the impact of social and physical cage enrichment on various forms of motor coordination. Our findings indicate that while enriched-housed animals did not exhibit faster learning in eyeblink conditioning, the peak timing of their conditioned responses was slightly, but significantly, improved...
March 12, 2024: Scientific Reports
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38409163/cerebellar-interpositus-nucleus-exhibits-time-dependent-errors-and-predictive-responses
#2
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Gloria G Parras, José M Delgado-García, Juan Carlos López-Ramos, Agnès Gruart, Rocío Leal-Campanario
Learning is a functional state of the brain that should be understood as a continuous process, rather than being restricted to the very moment of its acquisition, storage, or retrieval. The cerebellum operates by comparing predicted states with actual states, learning from errors, and updating its internal representation to minimize errors. In this regard, we studied cerebellar interpositus nucleus (IPn) functional capabilities by recording its unitary activity in behaving rabbits during an associative learning task: the classical conditioning of eyelid responses...
February 26, 2024: NPJ Science of Learning
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38405978/mice-lacking-astn2-have-asd-like-behaviors-and-altered-cerebellar-circuit-properties
#3
Michalina Hanzel, Kayla Fernando, Susan E Maloney, Shioaching Gong, Kärt Mätlik, Jiajia Zhao, H Amalia Pasolli, Søren Heissel, Joseph D Dougherty, Court Hull, Mary E Hatten
Astrotactin 2 (ASTN2) is a transmembrane neuronal protein highly expressed in the cerebellum that functions in receptor trafficking and modulates cerebellar Purkinje cell (PC) synaptic activity. We recently reported a family with a paternally inherited intragenic ASTN2 duplication with a range of neurodevelopmental disorders, including autism spectrum disorder (ASD), learning difficulties, and speech and language delay. To provide a genetic model for the role of the cerebellum in ASD-related behaviors and study the role of ASTN2 in cerebellar circuit function, we generated global and PC-specific conditional Astn2 knockout (KO and cKO, respectively) mouse lines...
February 18, 2024: bioRxiv
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38166171/effect-of-chronic-intermittent-hypoxia-on-ocular-and-intraoral-mechanical-allodynia-mediated-via-the-calcitonin-gene-related-peptide-in-a-rat
#4
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Ayano Katagiri, Saki Kishimoto, Yoshie Okamoto, Masaharu Yamada, Hitoshi Niwa, David A Bereiter, Takafumi Kato
STUDY OBJECTIVES: Obstructive sleep apnea, a significant hypoxic condition, may exacerbate several orofacial pain conditions. The study aims to define the involvement of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) in peripheral and central sensitization and in evoking orofacial mechanical allodynia under chronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH). METHODS: Male rats were exposed to CIH. Orofacial mechanical allodynia was assessed using the eyeblink test and the two-bottle preference drinking test...
January 2, 2024: Sleep
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38165577/knockdown-of-the-non-canonical-wnt-gene-prickle2-leads-to-cerebellar-purkinje-cell-abnormalities-while-cerebellar-mediated-behaviors-remain-intact
#5
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Parker W Abbott, Jason B Hardie, Kyle P Walsh, Aaron J Nessler, Sean J Farley, John H Freeman, John A Wemmie, Linder Wendt, Young-Cho Kim, Levi P Sowers, Krystal L Parker
Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) involve brain wide abnormalities that contribute to a constellation of symptoms including behavioral inflexibility, cognitive dysfunction, learning impairments, altered social interactions, and perceptive time difficulties. Although a single genetic variation does not cause ASD, genetic variations such as one involving a non-canonical Wnt signaling gene, Prickle2, has been found in individuals with ASD. Previous work looking into phenotypes of Prickle2 knock-out (Prickle2-/- ) and heterozygous mice (Prickle2-/+ ) suggest patterns of behavior similar to individuals with ASD including altered social interaction and behavioral inflexibility...
January 2, 2024: Cerebellum
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38165059/evaluating-the-effectiveness-of-artifact-correction-and-rejection-in-event-related-potential-research
#6
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Guanghui Zhang, David R Garrett, Aaron M Simmons, John E Kiat, Steven J Luck
Eyeblinks and other large artifacts can create two major problems in event-related potential (ERP) research, namely confounds and increased noise. Here, we developed a method for assessing the effectiveness of artifact correction and rejection methods in minimizing these two problems. We then used this method to assess a common artifact minimization approach, in which independent component analysis (ICA) is used to correct ocular artifacts, and artifact rejection is used to reject trials with extreme values resulting from other sources (e...
January 2, 2024: Psychophysiology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38129487/accessible-and-reliable-neurometric-testing-in-humans-using-a-smartphone-platform
#7
JOURNAL ARTICLE
H J Boele, C Jung, S Sherry, L E M Roggeveen, S Dijkhuizen, J Öhman, E Abraham, A Uvarov, C P Boele, K Gultig, A Rasmussen, M F Vinueza-Veloz, J F Medina, S K E Koekkoek, C I De Zeeuw, S S-H Wang
Tests of human brain circuit function typically require fixed equipment in lab environments. We have developed a smartphone-based platform for neurometric testing. This platform, which uses AI models like computer vision, is optimized for at-home use and produces reproducible, robust results on a battery of tests, including eyeblink conditioning, prepulse inhibition of acoustic startle response, and startle habituation. This approach provides a scalable, universal resource for quantitative assays of central nervous system function...
December 18, 2023: Scientific Reports
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38092417/neurite-density-of-the-hippocampus-is-associated-with-trace-eyeblink-conditioning-latency-in-4-to-6-year-olds
#8
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Vanessa Vieites, Yvonne Ralph, Bethany Reeb-Sutherland, Anthony Steven Dick, Aaron T Mattfeld, Shannon M Pruden
Limited options exist to evaluate the development of hippocampal function in young children. Research has established that trace eyeblink conditioning (EBC) relies on a functional hippocampus. Hence, we set out to investigate whether trace EBC is linked to hippocampal structure, potentially serving as a valuable indicator of hippocampal development. Our study explored potential associations between individual differences in hippocampal volume and neurite density with trace EBC performance in young children...
December 13, 2023: European Journal of Neuroscience
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38066477/the-ability-to-maintain-rhythm-is-predictive-of-adhd-diagnosis-and-profile
#9
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Peik Gustafsson, Katarina Kjell, Maurizio Cundari, Martin Larsson, Jenny Edbladh, Guy Madison, Olga Kazakova, Anders Rasmussen
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is the most prevalent neuropsychiatric disorder in the world. Currently, the diagnosis is based mainly on interviews, resulting in uncertainties in the clinical assessment. While some neuropsychological tests are used, their specificity and selectivity are low, and more reliable biomarkers are desirable. Previous research indicates that ADHD is associated with morphological changes in the cerebellum, which is essential for motor ability and timing. Here, we compared 29 children diagnosed with ADHD to 96 age-matched controls on prism adaptation, eyeblink conditioning, and timed motor performance in a finger tapping task...
December 8, 2023: BMC Psychiatry
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37985778/synaptic-mechanisms-for-associative-learning-in-the-cerebellar-nuclei
#10
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Robin Broersen, Catarina Albergaria, Daniela Carulli, Megan R Carey, Cathrin B Canto, Chris I De Zeeuw
Associative learning during delay eyeblink conditioning (EBC) depends on an intact cerebellum. However, the relative contribution of changes in the cerebellar nuclei to learning remains a subject of ongoing debate. In particular, little is known about the changes in synaptic inputs to cerebellar nuclei neurons that take place during EBC and how they shape the membrane potential of these neurons. Here, we probed the ability of these inputs to support associative learning in mice, and investigated structural and cell-physiological changes within the cerebellar nuclei during learning...
November 20, 2023: Nature Communications
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37852793/dynamic-changes-in-local-activity-and-network-interactions-among-the-anterior-cingulate-amygdala-and-cerebellum-during-associative-learning
#11
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Hunter E Halverson, Jangjin Kim, John H Freeman
Communication between the cerebellum and forebrain structures is necessary for motor learning and has been implicated in a variety of cognitive functions. The exact nature of cerebellar-forebrain interactions supporting behavior and cognition is not known. We examined how local and network activity support learning by simultaneously recording neural activity in the cerebellum, amygdala, and anterior cingulate cortex while male and female rats were trained in trace eyeblink conditioning. Initially, the cerebellum and forebrain signal the contingency between external stimuli through increases in theta power and synchrony...
October 18, 2023: Journal of Neuroscience
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37832901/high-anxious-people-generalize-costly-pain-related-avoidance-behavior-more-to-novel-safe-contexts-compared-to-low-anxious-people
#12
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Ann Meulders, Juliane Traxler, Kristof Vandael, Silke Scheepers
Pain-related avoidance is adaptive when there is bodily threat, but when it generalizes to safe movements/situations, it may become disabling. Both subclinical anxiety -a vulnerability marker for chronic pain -and chronic pain are associated with excessive fear generalization to safe stimuli/situations. Previous research focused mainly on passive fear correlates (psychophysiological arousal and self-reports) leaving avoidance behavior poorly understood. Therefore, we tested whether high-anxious individuals generalize their pain-related avoidance behavior more to novel, safe contexts than low-anxious people...
October 11, 2023: Journal of Pain
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37745415/evaluating-the-effectiveness-of-a-common-approach-to-artifact-correction-and-rejection-in-event-related-potential-research
#13
Guanghui Zhang, David R Garrett, Aaron M Simmons, John E Kiat, Steven J Luck
UNLABELLED: Eyeblinks and other large artifacts can create two major problems in event-related potential (ERP) research, namely confounds and increased noise. Here, we developed a method for assessing the effectiveness of artifact correction and rejection methods at minimizing these two problems. We then used this method to assess a common artifact minimization approach, in which independent component analysis (ICA) is used to correct ocular artifacts, and artifact rejection is used to reject trials with extreme values resulting from other sources (e...
September 17, 2023: bioRxiv
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37693620/learning-induced-neuronal-identity-switch-in-the-superficial-layers-of-the-primary-somatosensory-cortex
#14
Jiaman Dai, Qian-Quan Sun
During learning, multi-dimensional inputs are integrated within the sensory cortices. However, the strategies by which the sensory cortex employs to achieve learning remains poorly understood. We studied the sensory cortical neuronal coding of trace eyeblink conditioning (TEC) in head-fixed, freely running mice, where whisker deflection was used as a conditioned stimulus (CS) and an air puff to the cornea delivered after an interval was used as unconditioned stimulus (US). After training, mice learned the task with a set of stereotypical behavioral changes, most prominent ones include prolonged closure of eyelids, and increased reverse running between CS and US onset...
September 1, 2023: bioRxiv
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37620946/study-protocol-effects-of-treatment-expectation-toward-repetitive-transcranial-magnetic-stimulation-rtms-in-major-depressive-disorder-a-randomized-controlled-clinical-trial
#15
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Katharina M Steiner, Dagmar Timmann, Ulrike Bingel, Angelika Kunkel, Tamas Spisak, Manfred Schedlowski, Sven Benson, Harald Engler, Norbert Scherbaum, Katja Koelkebeck
BACKGROUND: Patients' expectations toward any given treatment are highly important for the effectiveness of such treatment, as has been demonstrated for several disorders. In particular, in major depressive disorder (MDD), one of the most frequent and most serious mental disorders with severe consequences for the affected, the augmentation of available treatment options could mean a ground-breaking success. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS), a new, non-invasive, and well-tolerated intervention with proven effects in the treatment of MDD, appears particularly suitable in this context as it is assumed to exert its effect via structures implicated in networks relevant for both expectation and depression...
August 24, 2023: Trials
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37593693/neurophysiology-of-cerebellar-ataxias-and-gait-disorders
#16
REVIEW
Mario Manto, Mariano Serrao, Stefano Filippo Castiglia, Dagmar Timmann, Elinor Tzvi-Minker, Ming-Kai Pan, Sheng-Han Kuo, Yoshikazu Ugawa
There are numerous forms of cerebellar disorders from sporadic to genetic diseases. The aim of this chapter is to provide an overview of the advances and emerging techniques during these last 2 decades in the neurophysiological tests useful in cerebellar patients for clinical and research purposes. Clinically, patients exhibit various combinations of a vestibulocerebellar syndrome, a cerebellar cognitive affective syndrome and a cerebellar motor syndrome which will be discussed throughout this chapter. Cerebellar patients show abnormal Bereitschaftpotentials (BPs) and mismatch negativity...
2023: Clinical Neurophysiology Practice
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37553241/activity-in-barrel-cortex-related-to-trace-eyeblink-conditioning
#17
JOURNAL ARTICLE
May-Li Silva-Prieto, Julian Ivo Hofmann, Cornelius Schwarz
In mammals several memory systems are responsible for learning and storage of associative memory. Even apparently simple behavioral tasks, like Pavlovian conditioning, have been suggested to engage, for instance, implicit and explicit memory processes. Here we used single whisker tactile trace eyeblink conditioning (TTEBC) to investigate learning and its neuronal bases in the mouse barrel column, the primary neocortical tactile representation of one whisker. Behavioral analysis showed that conditioned responses (CR) are spatially highly restricted, they generalize from the principal whisker only to its direct neighbors...
August 7, 2023: ENeuro
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37553180/measuring-human-context-fear-conditioning-and-retention-after-consolidation
#18
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Yanfang Xia, Jelena Wehrli, Samuel Gerster, Marijn Kroes, Maxime Houtekamer, Dominik R Bach
Fear conditioning is a laboratory paradigm commonly used to investigate aversive learning and memory. In context fear conditioning, a configuration of elemental cues (conditioned stimulus [CTX]) predicts an aversive event (unconditioned stimulus [US]). To quantify context fear acquisition in humans, previous work has used startle eyeblink responses (SEBRs), skin conductance responses (SCRs), and verbal reports, but different quantification methods have rarely been compared. Moreover, preclinical intervention studies mandate recall tests several days after acquisition, and it is unclear how to induce and measure context fear memory retention over such a time interval...
July 2023: Learning & Memory
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37531025/synaptic-mechanisms-of-delay-eyeblink-classical-conditioning-ampar-trafficking-and-gene-regulation-in-an-in-vitro-model
#19
REVIEW
Joyce Keifer
An in vitro model of delay eyeblink classical conditioning was developed to investigate synaptic plasticity mechanisms underlying acquisition of associative learning. This was achieved by replacing real stimuli, such as an airpuff and tone, with patterned stimulation of the cranial nerves using an isolated brainstem preparation from turtle. Here, our primary findings regarding cellular and molecular mechanisms for learning acquisition using this unique approach are reviewed. The neural correlate of the in vitro eyeblink response is a replica of the actual behavior, and features of conditioned responses (CRs) resemble those observed in behavioral studies...
August 2, 2023: Molecular Neurobiology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37510106/loss-of-blink-regularity-and-its-impact-on-ocular-surface-exposure
#20
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Genis Cardona, Marc Argilés, Elisabet Pérez-Cabré
(1) Background: Changes in blink parameters have been found to influence ocular surface exposure, eliciting symptoms of dry eye and ocular signs. The aim of the study was to highlight the relevance of including blink regularity as a new parameter to fully characterize blinking; (2) Methods: A novel characterization of blink parameters is described, including spontaneous eyeblink rate (SEBR), percentage of incomplete blinks, and blink regularity. A pilot study was designed in which tear film break-up time (TFBUT), blink parameters, and the time percentage of ocular surface exposure were determined in eight subjects (52...
July 13, 2023: Diagnostics
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