Ketorolac

INTRODUCTION: We describe a case of cystoid macular oedema associated with combination treatment using a STING agonist and ezabenlimab for disseminated melanoma. CASE REPORT: A 66-year-old male patient presented with worsening vision and cystoid macular oedema in the right eye, along with a small accumulation of subretinal fluid in the left eye. The patient has been undergoing treatment for melanoma since 2014. Five months prior to the ocular presentation, the patient was enrolled in a first-in-human trial with a STING agonist and ezabenlimab...

OBJECTIVE: To establish and evaluate a multimodal, opioid-minimizing pathway for gender affirming vaginoplasty (GAVa) and vulvoplasty (GAVu) in treating postoperative pain. METHODS: A standardized pain pathway including opioids, non-opioid analgesics, and patient counseling was implemented at a single academic institution with a center for transgender care. Postoperative pain levels, analgesia methods, and opioid use for 84 GAVa and 64 GAVu patients were prospectively gathered during inpatient postoperative days 2-4 and outpatient follow up at 2 weeks...

Herpes simplex and herpes zoster are both viral infections caused by members of the herpesvirus family. The former is characterized by painful, fluid-filled blisters or sores on the skin and mucous membranes, while the latter presents as a painful rash with blisters, typically occurring in a single band or patch along one side of the body. The treatment remains a challenge since current antiviral therapy via oral administration may lead to unfavorable side effects such as headaches, nausea, and diarrhea. This study used electrospinning to develop biodegradable nanofibrous poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) membranes for delivery of both acyclovir and ketorolac...

Preterm infants often experience frequent intermittent hypoxia (IH) episodes which are associated with neuroinflammation. We tested the hypotheses that early caffeine and/or non-steroidal inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) confer superior therapeutic benefits for protection against IH-induced neuroinflammation than late treatment. Newborn rats were exposed to IH or hyperoxia (50% O2 ) from birth (P0) to P14. For early treatment, the pups were administered: 1) daily caffeine (Caff) citrate (Cafcit, 20 mg/kg IP loading on P0, followed by 5 mg/kg from P1-P14); 2) ketorolac (Keto) topical ocular solution in both eyes from P0 to P14; 3) ibuprofen (Ibu, Neoprofen, 10 mg/kg loading dose on P0 followed by 5 mg/kg/day on P1 and P2); 4) Caff+Keto co-treatment; 5) Caff+Ibu co-treatment; or 6) equivalent volume saline (Sal)...

PURPOSE: To compare topical nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) efficacy on intravitreal injection (IVI)-induced pain reduction, and determine the most efficient topical NSAID. METHODS: This randomized controlled study included 662 eyes of 662 patients. Based on the types of NSAID administered before IVI, eight subgroups were formed. In the control group, a sterile saline solution was applied instead of NSAIDs. The visual analog scale (VAS) was used to assess pain scores after IVI...

Small joint reconstruction remains challenging and can lead to prosthesis-related complications, mainly due to the suboptimal performance of the silicone materials used and adverse host reactions. In this study, we developed hybrid artificial joints using three-dimensional printing (3D printing) for polycaprolactone (PCL) and incorporated electrospun nanofibers loaded with drugs and biomolecules for small joint reconstruction. We evaluated the mechanical properties of the degradable joints and the drug discharge patterns of the nanofibers...

BACKGROUND: Although corticosteroid injections are an effective treatment for musculoskeletal pathologies, they may not be suitable for all patients. The purpose of this systematic review was to compare clinical outcomes between patients who received NSAID and corticosteroid injections for various orthopedic conditions. METHODS: Medline, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials were searched, and meta-analyses were performed using a random-effects model for outcomes presented in three or more studies...

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BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study is to compare peri-operative and short-term outcomes in patients who underwent elective total hip replacement (THA) for primary osteoarthritis (OA) with direct anterior approach (DAA) versus a pair-matched cohort of patients who underwent robotic-assisted THA with posterolateral approach. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Data from consecutive patients who underwent elective hip replacement from 2021 to 2023 for primary OA were retrospectively retrieved and divided into two groups: the DAA group, who underwent THA with the DAA approach using conventional instruments, and the robotic posterolateral (R-PL group), who underwent robot arm-assisted THA with the posterolateral approach...

BACKGROUND: Few studies have evaluated the efficacy of transverse abdominis plane (TAP) block in patients undergoing hand-assisted laparoscopic live-donor nephrectomy (HALN). We aimed to evaluate the analgesic effectiveness of TAP block as part of a multimodal pain management regimen in patients undergoing HALN. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of living kidney donors at our center between June 2016 and February 2020. HALNs were performed via a transperitoneal approach through a suprapubic incision...

INTRODUCTION: Total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is a leading operative procedure for late-stage knee osteoarthritis. The cornerstone of a successful TKA is swift and effective rehabilitation to achieve a pain-free and good range of motion. Pain post-replacement hinders an effective rehabilitation protocol. Reported preoperative, perioperative, and postoperative analgesia modes have undesirable side effects. The purpose of this study is to assess the effect of a unique cocktail injection on immediate postoperative pain using the visual analog score, the need for additional analgesics during the initial period, and the ambulation time between the case and control groups...

BACKGROUND: S-Nitrosylation (SNO), a prototypic redox-based posttranslational modification, is involved in cardiovascular disease. Aortic aneurysm and dissection are high-risk cardiovascular diseases without an effective cure. The aim of this study was to determine the role of SNO of Septin2 in macrophages in aortic aneurysm and dissection. METHODS: Biotin-switch assay combined with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry was performed to identify the S-nitrosylated proteins in aortic tissue from both patients undergoing surgery for aortic dissection and Apoe -/- mice infused with angiotensin II...

STUDY DESIGN: Translational Research. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the relative effects of NSAIDs, opioids, and a combination of the two on spinal fusion inhibition in a rodent model. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and opioids are common postoperative analgesic agents. Since NSAIDs inhibit the cyclooxygenase (COX) pathway they are seldom prescribed following spinal fusion. Opioids may be given instead, but recent evidence suggests opioids also adversely affect spinal fusion quality and success...

OBJECTIVE: Postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) occurs frequently after microvascular decompression (MVD). Fentanyl, an opioid, is strongly related to the development of PONV, and ketorolac, a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug, has been approved for postoperative pain management. However, how ketorolac-based patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) causes PONV or how its efficacy differs from that of fentanyl-based PCA after MVD is unclear. In this study, the authors compared ketorolac-based with fentanyl-based PCA in terms of the incidence and severity of PONV and analgesia after MVD...

The study aims to improve the ocular delivery of Nebivolol HCL (NBV) belonging to the Biopharmaceutics classification system (BCSII) by using spanlastic nanovesicles (SNVs) for ophthalmic delivery and incorporating them into hydroxypropyl methylcellulose gel with ketorolac tromethamine (KET) as an anti-inflammatory to improve glaucoma complications like Conjunctivitis. SNVs were prepared by ethanol injection technique using span (60) as a surfactant and labrasol as an edge activator (EA). The impact of formulation factors on SNVs properties was investigated using a Box-Behnken design...

INTRODUCTION: Postoperative pain following percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) adds to the morbidity of patients requiring additional analgesia. Various modalities of pain control techniques, such as intercostal nerve block (ICNB) and peritract infiltration (PTI), are being studied for better pain management. This study compares the efficacy of ICNB with PTI for postoperative pain management. METHODS: A double-blinded, prospective, randomized control study was conducted, in which 0...

BACKGROUND: Methotrexate (MTX) is the cornerstone of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) treatment and is highly effective with low-dose intermittent administration. MTX is occasionally used in combination with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and acetaminophen (APAP)/paracetamol for pain or inflammation control. With MTX treatment, the side effects, such as hepatotoxicity, renal failure, and myelosuppression should be considered. These are also seen with analgesics treatment. METHODS: We used a large spontaneously reported adverse event database (FAERS [JAPIC AERS]) to analyze whether the reporting of adverse events increased upon MTX and analgesic therapy in patients with RA...

BACKGROUND: Cancer-associated cachexia (CAC) is a debilitating syndrome associated with poor quality of life and reduced life expectancy of cancer patients. CAC is characterized by unintended body weight reduction due to muscle and adipose tissue loss. A major hallmark of CAC is systemic inflammation. Several non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) have been suggested for CAC treatment, yet no single medication has proven reliable. R-ketorolac (RK) is the R-enantiomer of a commonly used NSAID...

Surgeons performing hip arthroscopy (HA) continue to look for solutions to address immediate postoperative pain and achieve a safe and efficient same-day discharge. Multiple studies have looked at modalities to achieve this, and we have learned that some methods are successful whereas others have a high-risk profile and should be avoided. The pericapsular nerve group (PENG) block is at the forefront of the literature. The PENG block is an easy-to-perform pericapsular nerve block that has been shown in prospective and retrospective studies to decrease acute postoperative pain...

This monthly article provides a collection of summaries of the most relevant studies identified as POEMs (patient-oriented evidence that matters) for Italian primary care physicians. 1) A recent high-quality systematic review (SR) of 76 SRs found that, compared to all other lipid-lowering medications, for overall, primary, and secondary prevention the best balance of benefits, harms, and costs is provided by statins. 2) To our surprise, a network meta-analysis of 12 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) concluded that acetaminophen and ketorolac were more effective than morphine in alleviating pain from renal colic and were less likely than morphine to cause adverse effects and the need for rescue analgesia...