Adolesant

Many drug–drug interactions (DDIs) in the pediatric population are managed based on data generated in adults. However, due to developmental changes in elimination pathways from birth to adolesence, and variable weight‐adjusted dose of interacting drugs, the assumption of DDIs being similar in adults and pediatrics might not be correct. This study compares the magnitude of reported DDIs in pediatric and adult populations. A systematic literature review was undertaken to identify reports of DDIs in pediatric subjects...

The orthodontic treatment of a young adolesent female with a high Angle Class II Division 1 malocclusion is presented. Successful treatment required a careful diagnosis, specific planning, and efficient biomechanical control of the force systems to correct the disharmony in the vertical and horizontal dimensions. En masse retraction of the six maxillary anterior teeth was done via a Kalra simultaneous intrusion and retraction archwire. Precise mechanics with excellent vertical control made it possible to successfully correct the malocclusion without undesirable sequelae...

Accurate assessment of pulp status is one of the greatest diagnostic challenges in clinical practice. This may be further complicated in children and adolescent where the practitioner is faced with different situations such as: primary teeth, developing permanent dentition, traumatized teeth, patients undergoing orthodontic treatment. In addition, the dentist is frequently faced with young children who have limited ability to recall a pain history or cooperate with the test itself. A variety of pulp testing approaches exist, and there may be a confusion as to their validity in different clinical situations...

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The overall aim of this intervention study was to investigate, and measure quantitatively, the psychological effects of structured student tutorial support, on undergraduate students' level of stress, self-esteem and cognitive coping. A quantitative research approach was adopted using a quasi-experimental design (post-test only, non-equivalent control group design) in order to ascertain whether there were any significant differences between the experimental conditions (n=25) and a control group (n=25). The independent variable was structured student tutorial support and the dependent variables were student stress, self-esteem and cognitive coping...

BACKGROUND: Common fears change over development. Genetic and environmental risk factors for fears are partly shared across fears and partly fear-specific. The nature of the changes in common and fear-specific genetic and environmental risk factors over time is unknown. METHOD: Self-reported fears were obtained at ages 13-14, 16-17 and 19-20 from 2404 twins in the Swedish Twin Study of Child and Adolescent Development. A multivariate longitudinal twin analysis was conducted with Mx...

BACKGROUND: Alcohol abuse among adolescents is prevalent. Epidemiological studies suggest that alcohol abuse during the adolescent developmental period may result in long-term changes such as an increased susceptibility to alcohol-related problems in adulthood. Laboratory findings suggest that alcohol exposure during the adolescent developmental period, as compared with adulthood, may differentially impact subsequent neurobehavioral responses to alcohol. The present study was designed to examine whether ethanol exposure, continuous versus intermittent, during the adolescent developmental period would alter the aversive properties of ethanol in adult C3H mice...

BACKGROUND: Smoking continues to be the most significant preventable cause of morbidity and early mortality in the developed world. Primary care physicians are not fufilling their potentially vital and effective role with regard to tobacco use and dependence. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate current primary care physician practise in promoting smoking cessation. METHODS: This observational study evaluated physician recording of smoking status by analysis of patients' electronic medical records...

RATIONALE: Serotonin is an important modulator of social behaviour. Individual differences in serotonergic signalling are considered to be a marker of personality that is stable throughout lifetime. While a large body of evidence indicates that central serotonin levels are inversely related to aggression and sexual behaviour in adult rats, the relationship between serotonin and social behaviour during peri-adolescence has hardly been explored. OBJECTIVE: To study the effect of acute and constitutive increases in serotonin neurotransmission on social behaviour in peri-adolescent rats...

INTRODUCTION: The prevalence of chronic diseases in adolescence is constantly increasing, especially in the last two decades. Adolescence is a period of important changes: body growth and development, sexual development, development of cognitive abilities, change in family relations and between peers, formation of personal identity and personal system of values, making decisions on future occupation etc. CHRONIC DISEASES IN ADOLESENCE: Chronic disorders affect all development issues and represent an additional burden for adolescents...

30 cases of submandibular gland tissue were determined quantitatively in this article.It is noticed that there was no great change during and after the birth .But at the adolesence stage,the data began to change was steady in adult state.At pressenium,the change speed of mean was faster.Observation under microscope:the submandibular gland in 7-8 month old embryo was developed basically and similar to newborn.It had good blood supply and secrete function.Adipose tissue,which is important indication of changed with age in saliva gland,did not exit in submandibular gland of human being...

Benign familial infantile convulsion is an autosomal dominant epilepsy syndrome characterized by seizures starting from 3 to 12 months and a favorable outcome. We present a Turkish family with benign familial infantile convulsions and report the clinical variability associated with this syndrome in three generations. All 11 affected members had benign infantile seizures, which were primarily generalized in all but one patient, who had partial seizures with secondary generalization. The seizures started within the first year and were accompanied by normal neurologic development and a good response to treatment with phenobarbital...

It is increasingly recognised that one-third to one-half of children diagnosed as having attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) continue to exhibit symptoms of the disorder into adulthood. The purpose of this study was to report on the demographic and clinical profile of 85 adults (50 men, 35 women) who presented with adult ADHD and meet DSM-IV criteria for the disorder. Patients underwent a diagnostic work-up consisting of medical, psychiatric and demographic evaluation. Deficits in educational and social competence could be demonstrated in more than one third of the patients...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: We decided to determine if there were differences in the nutritional and health status among illegal immigrant adolescents from Morocco and Algeria. SUBJECTS AND METHOD: We performed a retrospective cross-sectional study (1997-2003); 120 male adolescents (86 Moroccans and 34 Algerians) admitted to protection centers of Zaragoza City were assessed. The nutritional status was assessed using the anthropometric method. The health status was assessed according to a standardized medical and laboratory protocol...

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In this study, power spectrum analysis of the autoregressive model was used to quantitatively estimate the power spectrum of R-R intervals in adolesent during the state of the mental stress. The power spectrum density of the lower frequency (HF: 0.05-0.15 Hz) and the high frequency (HF: 0.15-0.5 Hz) component were acquired. The results showed that during the mental stress the HF component decreased significantly (P < 0.001) while the LF component increased relatively and the center frequency of the HF increased remarkably (P < 0...

OBJECTIVE: To study psychiatric and behavioral morbidity associated with severe traumatic brain injury (TBI). METHOD: A consecutive series (n = 24) of children aged 5 through 14 years who suffered a severe TBI were matched to subjects who sustained a mild TBI and to a second matched group who sustained an orthopedic injury with no evidence of TBI. Standardized psychiatric, behavioral, and neuroimaging assessments were conducted on average 2 years after injury. RESULTS: Severe TBI was associated with a significantly higher rate of current "novel" psychiatric disorders (15/24; 63%) compared with children with mild TBI (5/24; 21%) and orthopedic injury (1/24; 4%)...

The attitude of forty-four mothers of adolescent mothers (MAM) were assessed by interview and questionnaire. Most adolescent mothers (AM) and their infants lived with MAM. Thirty-two percent of MAM and sisters of AM had themselves experienced a pregnancy prior to seventeen years of age. The majority of MAM expressed positive feelings about AM and their infants. MAM reported little change in their own life style as a result of their daughter's pregnancy. Most MAM's provided child care and financial assistance for AM, but reported that the AM had primary child care responsibility for the infant...

EEG were recorded in 3,726 children, from 6 to 13 years of age who were neurologically normal and had no history of epileptic seizures. The records were taken during wakefulness, at rest, and during hyperventilation. In 131 cases (3.54%) epileptiform patterns were found. They consisted of 3 count/sec spike and slow waves discharges (4 cases), multiple spike and slow wave complexes (37 cases), midtemporal spikes (50 cases), rolandic or parietal spikes (27 cases), occipital spikes (2 cases), and multifocal spikes (11 cases)...

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