Mental health outcomes

BACKGROUND: Black adults who smoke and have HIV experience immense stressors (eg, racial discrimination and HIV stigma) that impede smoking cessation success and perpetuate smoking-related health disparities. These stressors also place Black adults who smoke and have HIV at an increased risk of elevated interoceptive stress (eg, anxiety and uncomfortable bodily sensations) and smoking to manage symptoms. In turn, this population is more likely to smoke to manage interoceptive stress, which contributes to worse HIV-related outcomes in this group...

OBJECTIVES: Naloxone is an effective medication used to reverse opioid overdoses. Distributing naloxone directly to those at risk, therefore, reduces the risk of opioid-related deaths. New legislation in Australia means a prescription is no longer required to access naloxone. Whilst acknowledging the benefits of increased access, we aim to evaluate the impact psychiatrists can have on naloxone provision due to their unique position as doctors often working with those who may be at risk...

Climate change and rapid population ageing pose challenges for communities and public policies. This systematic review aims to gather data from studies that present health indicators establishing the connection between climate change and the physical and mental health of the older population (≥ 65 years), who experience a heightened vulnerability to the impacts of climate change when compared to other age cohorts. This review was conducted according to the PICO strategy and following Cochrane and PRISMA guidelines...

BACKGROUND: Mental health (MH) problems in youth are prevalent, burdening, and frequently persistent. Despite the existence of effective treatment, the uptake of professional help is low, particularly due to attitudinal barriers. OBJECTIVE: This study evaluated the effectiveness and acceptability of 2 video-based microinterventions aimed at reducing barriers to MH treatment and increasing the likelihood of seeking professional help in young people. METHODS: This study was entirely web based and open access...

OBJECTIVE: To describe the frequency of neuropsychiatric complications among hospitalized patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and their association with pre-existing comorbidities and clinical outcomes. METHODS: We retrospectively identified all patients hospitalized with COVID-19 within a large multicenter New York City health system between March 15, 2020 and May 17, 2021 and randomly selected a representative cohort for detailed chart review. Clinical data, including the occurrence of neuropsychiatric complications (categorized as either altered mental status [AMS] or other neuropsychiatric complications) and in-hospital mortality, were extracted using an electronic medical record database and individual chart review...

IMPORTANCE: Chronic skin disorders in children frequently are visible and can cause stigmatization. However, the extent of stigmatization from chronic skin disease and association with mental health needs further study. OBJECTIVE: To examine the extent of stigma, dependence on disease visibility and severity, and association with mental health and quality of life (QOL) in chronic pediatric skin disease. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: A cross-sectional, single-visit study was conducted at 32 pediatric dermatology centers in the US and Canada from November 14, 2018, to November 17, 2021...

Throughout the last two decades, research on poly-victimization (PV) has evolved from examinations of a core set of past-year victimization types in youth samples to investigations of a broad range of victimization types experienced during variable time intervals in diverse samples of varying ages. As the concept of PV expands, greater clarity regarding the definition and measurement of PV is needed to advance understanding of its risk and protective factors as well as its associated outcomes. This scoping review aimed to (a) identify approaches used to operationally define and measure PV across studies and (b) synthesize empirical findings concerning risk factors and outcomes associated with PV...

BACKGROUND: Little is known about mental health among Medicare beneficiaries with Alzheimer's disease or related dementias (ADRD) who reside in assisted living (AL) communities. The COVID-19 pandemic may have curtailed ambulatory care access for these residents, but telehealth may have expanded it. We examined in-person and telehealth use of ambulatory mental health visits among AL residents with ADRD, pre and during the COVID pandemic, focusing on race/ethnicity and Medicare/Medicaid dual status...

PURPOSE: Health-related quality of life (HRQoL) is a key component of evaluating outcome after mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI). As outcome is heterogeneous following mTBI, it is relevant to examine individual differences in HRQoL. This study investigated whether multiple homogenous subgroups could be meaningfully identified, 10 weeks after hospitalised mTBI with systemic injury, on the basis of HRQoL profiles. METHODS: Ninety-one adults were assessed for HRQoL, pain, fatigue, sleep quality, psychological distress, cognition and post-concussion symptoms...

Despite the proliferation of moral injury studies, a remaining gap is distinguishing moral injury from normative distress following exposure to potentially morally injurious events (PMIEs). Our goal was to leverage mental health and functional measures to identify clinically meaningful and functionally impairing moral injury using the Moral Injury and Distress Scale (MIDS). Participants who endorsed PMIE exposure (N = 645) were drawn from a population-based sample of military veterans, health care workers, and first responders...

Welcome Family is a universal, short-term nurse home visiting program designed to promote optimal maternal and infant physical and mental well-being and provide an entry point into the early childhood system of care to all families with newborns up to 8 weeks old living in defined communities in Massachusetts. The present study examines whether: 1) Welcome Family meets its goal of successfully connecting families to two early childhood programs-evidence-based home visiting (EBHV) and early intervention (EI)-relative to families with similar background experiences who do not participate in Welcome Family, and 2) whether these impacts are conditional on families' race and ethnicity and their primary language-two characteristics that are related to structural racism and health inequities...

INTRODUCTION: This systematic review examines the impacts of suicide bereavement on men's psychosocial outcomes relating to suicidality, mental health, substance use, grief, and social functioning. Given the high global incidence of suicide and the substantial number of individuals affected by each suicide, understanding the specific experiences and outcomes for men is crucial, particularly in the context of observed gender differences in suicide rates, grief coping styles and mental health outcomes...

INTRODUCTION: Mental health disorders affect millions of people worldwide. Chatbots are a new technology that can help users with mental health issues by providing innovative features. This article aimed to conduct a systematic review of reviews on chatbots in mental health services and synthesized the evidence on the factors influencing patient engagement with chatbots. METHODS: This study reviewed the literature from 2000 to 2024 using qualitative analysis. The authors conducted a systematic search of several databases, such as PubMed, Scopus, ProQuest, and Cochrane database of systematic reviews, to identify relevant studies on the topic...

OBJECTIVES: School-based mindfulness interventions in children have shown benefits to child well-being. Here, we investigated the effectiveness of a remote, app-based mindfulness intervention for promoting well-being in children. METHODS: We conducted a randomized controlled trial (RCT) with two control groups to examine the effects of an 8-week mindfulness intervention in U.S. children ages 8-10. We compared pre-post effects between a mindfulness intervention using the Inner Explorer app, and two audiobook control interventions...

BACKGROUND: Minimum clinically important difference (MCID) values are commonly used to measure treatment success for total knee arthroplasty (TKA). MCID values vary according to calculation methodology, and prior studies have shown that patient factors are associated with failure to achieve MCID thresholds. The purpose of this study was to determine if anchor-based 1-year Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score Joint Replacement (KOOS-JR) MCID values varied among patients undergoing TKA based on patient-specific factors...

BACKGROUND: Workplace mental health is an important global health concern. OBJECTIVES: This unblinded, phase-III, wait-listed cluster randomized controlled trial aimed to examine the effectiveness of a mobile health (mHealth) psychoeducation program using a spaced education approach on mental health literacy (MHL) in the workplace. The main interest of this paper was the immediate and 3-month medium-term effect of the program on the MHL of workers. The purposely built mHealth platform was also evaluated as a health-related app...

BACKGROUND: Positive psychological interventions (PPIs) are known to be effective in alleviating depression. However, the effect of PPIs on positive and negative emotions in depressed participants is not unclear. AIMS: To systematically investigate the effects of PPIs on positive and negative emotions in depressed individuals. METHODS: 6 databases were searched for randomized controlled trials of PPIs in individuals with depressive disorders or depressive symptoms...

Sexual and gender minority (SGM) adults in South Africa face high levels of violence and poor mental health outcomes. Interventions to prevent these negative health implications are hampered by a lack of representative data among this population. This study aims to quantify the associations between three forms of violent victimization and depressive symptoms in a sub-sample of SGM drawn from a population-based cross-sectional study in Gauteng, South Africa. Data come from the sixth Quality of Life survey conducted in South Africa's Gauteng province...

The negative impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on mental health outcomes is widely documented. Specifically, individuals experiencing greater degrees of severity in coronavirus anxiety have demonstrated higher levels of generalized anxiety, depression and psychological distress. Yet the pathways in which coronavirus anxiety confers vulnerability are not well known. The present investigation sought to address this gap in the scientific literature by testing the indirect effect of the COVID-19 anxiety syndrome, which centres on the function of detecting and managing the environmental threat of virus exposure and its sequalae...

Early-life adversity as neglect or low socioeconomic status is associated with negative physical/mental health outcomes and plays an important role in health trajectories through life. The early-life environment has been shown to be encoded as changes in epigenetic markers that are retained for many years.We investigated the effect of maternal major financial problems (MFP) and material deprivation (MD) on their children's epigenome in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) cohort. Epigenetic aging, measured with epigenetic clocks, was weakly accelerated with increased MFP...