symptoms of kidney failure

Paraquat, a highly toxic herbicide, accounts for a substantial number of poisoning-related fatalities, primarily prevalent in agricultural regions. The ingestion gives rise to severe complications affecting various organs, including the lungs, gastrointestinal tract, kidneys and liver. This report details the case of an 18-year-old male who had been using cannabis for a year and inadvertently ingested paraquat. He presented at the emergency room exhibiting symptoms of vomiting characterized by hematemesis and regurgitated food particles, along with heartburn, dysphagia and reduced urine output...

OBJECTIVE: To report urinary bother, urinalysis changes, disease-free survival (DFS), and overall survival (OS) over 2 years for subjects enrolled in a phase I dose-escalation trial (NCT02324582) of intravesical Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) in combination with systemic pembrolizumab for recurrent or persistent high-grade non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (HGNMIBC). METHODS: Eighteen patients consented to the study. Five were screen failures. Clinical activity was determined using cystoscopy and cytology with a biopsy of suspicious lesions...

IgA Nephropathy (IgAN) is a disease of the glomeruli that may eventually lead to chronic kidney disease or kidney failure. The signs and symptoms of IgAN nephropathy are usually not specific enough and are similar to those of other glomerular or inflammatory diseases. This makes a correct diagnosis more difficult. This study collected data from a sample of adult patients diagnosed with primary IgAN at the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, with proteinuria ≥1 g/d at the time of diagnosis...

KEY CLINICAL MESSAGE: Fanconi anemia with Mitomycin C sensitivity is a rare, complex hematological condition. Our case study emphasizes the significance of early diagnosis, appropriate genetic testing, and cautious use of chemotherapeutic agents. ABSTRACT: Fanconi anemia (FA) is a rare genetic disorder characterized by bone marrow failure, congenital anomalies, and predisposition to cancer. Here, we present the case of a 6-year-old boy with a known diagnosis of Fanconi anemia who exhibited sensitivity to Mitomycin C...

Acute interstitial nephritis (AIN) is characterized by an inflammatory infiltrate of the interstitium of the kidney, typically causing a decline in kidney function. Drug-induced AIN (also called allergic AIN) is a type of AIN. Common drugs associated with AIN are antibiotics, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), and proton pump inhibitors (PPIs). A 59-year-old male with a history of recent laparoscopic robotic sleeve gastrectomy presented to the emergency department with five weeks of progressively worsening fatigue, nausea, and lightheadedness...

Post-infectious glomerulonephritis (PIGN), an uncommon variety of glomerulonephritis (GN), is characterized by emergence of nephritic syndrome within a few weeks following an infectious event. PIGN typically presents as a mild condition and tends to resolve by the time of diagnosis for GN. Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans belongs to the HACEK group of bacteria, which constitutes less than 3% of bacteria responsible for community-acquired infective endocarditis. We present a case of 29-year-old man suspected of lymphoma with B-symptoms along with severe splenomegaly and nephromegaly...

Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is a multi-organ systemic syndrome that involves cardiac and extra-cardiac pathophysiological abnormalities. Its growing prevalence causes a major public concern worldwide. HFpEF is usually associated with multiple comorbidities, and non-cardiovascular death is common in patients with HFpEF. In Asia, patients with HFpEF has a younger age, higher prevalence of diabetes and chronic kidney disease than Western countries. A 2-step diagnostic algorithm is recommended in this guideline...

Conn's syndrome, defined as unilateral aldosterone-producing adenoma, accounts for 35-40% of cases of primary hyperaldosteronism. Primary hyperaldosteronism typically occurs in younger patients with poorly controlled arterial hypertension due to extracellular fluid retention, in whom at least a triple combination of antihypertensives, including a diuretic, is needed to maintain normotension. The clinical picture of arterial hypertension may be complemented by symptoms associated with hypokalaemia, such as weakness, fatigue, palpitations, convulsions, polydipsia, or polyuria...

Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) secondary to tick-borne infections is a rare but potentially life-threatening syndrome. We performed a scoping review according to PRISMA guidelines to systematically analyze the existing literature on the topic. A total of 98 patients were included, with a mean age of 43.7 years, of which 64% were men. Most cases, 31%, were reported from the USA. Immunosuppression was present in 21.4%, with the most common cause being previous solid organ transplantation. Constitutional symptoms were the most common, observed in 83...

Altered mental status (AMS) is a common condition encountered in daily practice. Finding the cause is essential for treatment, but sometimes this may be challenging. Spontaneous coronary artery dissection (SCAD) is frequently underdiagnosed and is a potentially fatal cause of acute coronary syndrome. Clinical presentation depends on the extent of SCAD, ranging from unstable angina to sudden death. AMS has not been reported with this condition, but it may be possible in hypoperfusion states. Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) is part of the microangiopathic hemolytic anemia (MAHA) spectrum, presenting with AMS as the cardinal symptom...

Objective: To evaluate the mid-term efficacy of ABO incompatible living donor kidney transplantation (ABOi-KT) based on the results of routine renal biopsy for transplantation. Methods: Retrospective collection of clinical data from 23 pairs of ABOi-KT donors and recipients at the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University from July 2015 to November 2021. ABOi-KT was performed on recipients after desensitization treatment, and the results of routine kidney transplant biopsy at 1 week, 1 month, 3 months, 6 months, and 12 months after surgery were analyzed...

We report a case of laparoscopic nephrectomy via the retroperitoneal approach for autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease after renal transplant. A 54-year-old male patient with end-stage renal failure because of autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease underwent a living donor renal transplant and right nephrectomy via open surgery through a median abdominal incision 5 years previously. However, the left kidney gradually became enlarged. We performed laparoscopic left nephrectomy via the retroperitoneal approach...

Individuals who are diagnosed with chronic kidney disease, particularly those receiving maintenance hemodialysis treatment, face a greater likelihood of suffering from severe symptoms and fatality due to COVID-19. This study aimed to explore the optimal vaccination approach for these individuals. The study used data analysis tasks such as data preprocessing, cleaning, and exploration, and machine learning models including linear regression, random forest, XGBoost, gradient boosting, AdaBoost, decision trees, Lasso, and ridge regression were used to construct the predictive model...

Hepatorenal tyrosinemia type 1 (HT-1) is a rare autosomal recessive disease that results from a deficiency of fumaryl acetoacetate hydrolase (FAH), a critical enzyme in the catabolic pathway for tyrosine. This leads to the accumulation of toxic metabolites such as fumaryl and maleylacetoacetate, which can damage the liver, kidneys, and nervous system. The discovery of 2-[2-nitro-4-trifluoromethylbenzoyl]-1,3-cyclohexanedione (NTBC or nitisinone) has significantly improved the management of HT-1, particularly when initiated before the onset of symptoms...

Digoxin toxicity can be life-threatening. Digoxin-specific antibody (DSA) fragments are used in severe digoxin toxicity, binding to serum-free digoxin and enabling increased renal excretion. In severe renal impairment, clearance of these complexes is prolonged, leading to rebound toxicity. Digoxin and DSA complexes are not dialysable. We present a case of a gentleman with severe digoxin toxicity and acute kidney injury (AKI). Despite receiving DSA doses, his digoxin levels rebounded and symptoms persisted. Based on published case reports, plasma exchange (PEX) after further dosing was arranged...

Balkan endemic nephropathy (BEN) is a rare progressive chronic renal disease found in residents living along the Balkan peninsula. We present a 92-year-old female who complained initially of cardio-respiratory symptoms and was found to have an acute hypoxemic respiratory failure with hypervolemia. The patient underwent computed tomography imaging and was found to have bilateral pleural effusions and moderate left-sided renal atrophy with left-sided hydronephrosis. The patient underwent diuresis for fluid overload and was treated with broad-spectrum antibiotics for hospital-acquired pneumonia...

Pancreatic panniculitis is an uncommon manifestation of pancreatic disease, affecting approximately 2-3% of patients with acute or chronic pancreatitis [1]. Its accurate diagnosis is crucial for effective treatment as skin manifestations usually precede systemic symptoms of pancreatitis. The diagnosis of pancreatic panniculitis requires identifying and confirming pancreatic disease in addition to the typical histopathological findings of lobular panniculitis without vasculitis. Herein, we present a patient with pancreatic panniculitis, underlying acute pancreatic failure, and kidney injury...

Nail-patella syndrome (NPS) is an autosomal dominant disease caused mostly by mutations in the LMX1B gene and is characterized by hypoplastic nails, hypoplastic patella, elbow deformities, glaucoma, and nephropathy, sometimes leading to kidney failure. The combination and the severity of symptoms vary greatly from patient to patient. Because a kidney biopsy may show nonspecific findings, patients with nephropathy alone may not be diagnosed without undergoing genetic testing. We examined the case of a 6-year-old girl with persistent high proteinuria who was not diagnosed by kidney biopsy but had a diagnosis of a de novo mutation in the LMX1B gene following genetic testing...

Gout is the most common form of inflammatory arthritis worldwide and is characterized by painful recurrent flares of inflammatory arthritis that are associated with a transiently increased risk of adverse cardiovascular events. Furthermore, gout is associated with multiple cardiometabolic-renal comorbidities such as type 2 diabetes, chronic kidney disease and cardiovascular disease. These comorbidities, potentially combined with gout flare-related inflammation, contribute to persistent premature mortality in gout, independently of serum urate concentrations and traditional cardiovascular risk factors...

Erdheim-Chester disease (ECD) is a rare 'L' (Langerhans) group histiocytic neoplasm that affects a multitude of organ systems, causing osteosclerotic bone lesions, periaortic encasement ('coated' aorta), retroperitoneal fibrosis involving kidneys and ureters ('hairy kidney'), and infiltration of the central nervous system. Cardiovascular involvement can occur in up to 70% of patients and is usually found during computed tomography/magnetic resonance imaging evaluation. When present, cardiovascular symptoms can have wide variability in presentation from asymptomatic to pericarditis, fatal cardiac tamponade, myocardial infarction, conduction abnormalities, heart failure, renal artery stenosis, and claudication...