anesthesia complication

Introduction: Incidence of chronic subdural hematoma (CSDH) is about 5/100,000/year in the general population and still rising. Two surgical techniques, namely, burr-hole evacuation (BHE) versus twist-drill evacuation (TDE) are commonly used to manage such patients but the preferred surgical method continues to attract debate, and the time for an evidence-based approach is now overdue. In vogue with recent trends, a minimally invasive surgical approach is considered as best; therefore, we tried to establish the hypothesis that TDE is as safe and as effective as BHE for CSDH treatment...

Aims and Objectives: The aim of this study is to find the outcome of repair and resection of the occipital encephalocele. Study Design: Case series. Materials and Methods: The clinical data of fifty consecutive occipital encephalocele patients were retrieved from medical records including operative notes, postoperative follow-up visits, and postsurgical complications were noted for analysis from November 2009 to November 2013 at the Department of Neurosurgery, Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Centre, Karachi, Pakistan...

Intraoral local anesthetics are widely used for performing painless dental treatments; however, in some cases, they may cause ocular complications such as meiosis, diplopia, nystagmus, ophthalmoplegia, ptosis, and amaurosis. Mostly, the symptoms disappear after several hours; rarely, they have a prolonged character. We describe the case of a 38-year-old young man who had reduced vision in the left eye 5 days after having received intraoral local anesthesia. A diagnosis of cilioretinal artery occlusion with optic disc swelling was made...

Background: Pretreatment core biopsy of pediatric renal tumors has been advocated by United Kingdom Children's Cancer Study Group to circumvent the disadvantage of International Society of Paediatric Oncology protocol, where neoadjuvant chemotherapy initiated without histopathological confirmation can result in over- or under-treatment. Aim: This study aims (a) to assess if pretherapy core biopsy correlates with the nephrectomy biopsy; (b) to assess if neoadjuvant chemotherapy changes Wilms tumor (WT) histology, and (c) to assess the incidence of biopsy site recurrence...

Intensive treatment including surgery for patients with trisomy 13 (T13) remains controversial. This study aimed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of noncardiac surgical intervention for T13 patients. Medical records of patients with karyotypically confirmed T13 treated in the neonatal intensive care unit in Nagano Children's Hospital from January 2000 to October 2016 were retrospectively reviewed, and data from patients who underwent noncardiac surgery were analyzed. Of the 20 patients with T13, 15 (75%) underwent a total of 31 surgical procedures comprising 15 types, including tracheostomy in 10 patients and gastrostomy in 4...

BACKGROUND: Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is an established treatment for generalized dystonia. However, the DBS device is sometimes removed owing to hardware complications. Here, we present four cases of generalized dystonia treated with radiofrequency lesioning through the DBS electrodes. CASE DESCRIPTION: The patients were three men and one woman (34 to 44 years old). They had undergone DBS for generalized dystonia. However, they subsequently developed complications, such as infection, and removal of the devices became necessary...

OBJECTIVE: Anesthesiologic method with low bleeding level, risk level, and complication rate for surgical procedures on the hand without a tourniquet on an unsedated patient with the possibility for functional testing during surgery. INDICATIONS: Surgical procedures of the hand can be carried out using the wide awake technique depending on the patient's suitability and preference considering individual risk factors. CONTRAINDICATIONS: Absolute contraindications are allergies to the local anesthetic or its components...

BACKGROUND: Posterior occipito-cervical fusion surgery is a commonly used surgical method to treat various craniovertebral junction pathologies. Though it is an effective method, there also have been some reports about complications of occipito-cervical fusion. However, there have been no reports about posterior fossa epidural hematomas after occipito-cervical fusion. CASE DESCRIPTION: A 44-year-old female was referred to our Hospital with a 6-month history of neck pain and numbness limbs for 2 months...

The aim of this review is to improve risk management strategies through analysis of the anatomic, semeiotic, and medicolegal aspects that characterize iatrogenic lingual nerve damage (LND) and its legal consequences in the case of legal proceedings for a claim for compensation. In dental practice, LND can be caused by local or general anesthesia or by mechanical, chemical, or thermal mechanisms. A certain postoperative identification of LND etiopathogenesis is often very challenging because it can be difficult to show at what time the damage occurred and which mechanism actually caused it...

BACKGROUND: Hypoglycemia is one of the most fatal complications during the perioperative period. General anesthesia or sedation can mask a hypoglycemia-altered mental status. Acute hypoglycemia might result in permanent brain injury. There is no way to detect hypoglycemia during general anesthesia, except for intermittent blood glucose monitoring. CASE PRESENTATION: Hypoglycemia is associated with changes in electroencephalogram readings. Here, we report two cases of patients with an abnormally low Bispectral Index (BIS) associated with diabetic retinopathy surgery, one in the recovery stage of general anesthesia and the other in the maintenance of general anesthesia...

Hyperglycemia causes perioperative complications and many anesthetics impair glucose metabolism and cause hyperglycemia. We evaluated the effects of propofol on blood glucose metabolism and insulin secretion during an intravenous glucose tolerance test (IVGTT) in dogs. Blood glucose, insulin, triglyceride, cholesterol, and free fatty acid (FFA) levels were measured in dogs during IVGTT in a conscious state and under the effect of 2.0% isoflurane, low-concentration propofol (0.2 mg/kg/min), and high-concentration propofol (0...

BACKGROUND: During the past several decades, anesthesia has become increasingly safe. Truly major adverse events are rare, and anesthesia quality researchers have instituted programs to evaluate "near miss" or less critical adverse events to evaluate the safety of anesthesia delivery. In this study, we aimed to evaluate calls for emergency help in our institution as a surrogate for pending critical events. We hypothesized that calls would be more common in patients with high American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) physical status, history of prematurity, and children with recent respiratory illness compared to those without these characteristics...

Purpose: The purpose of the study is to compare the efficiency as well as the rate and type of suture-related complications between 10-0 monofilament nylon (Aurolab Nylon Sutures, double arm, Aurolab) and 10-0 polyglactin 910 sutures (Vicryl, single arm, Aurolab) for pediatric cataract surgery. Methods: It is a prospective, comparative study performed in children who underwent surgery for congenital or developmental cataract from March 2013 to February 2016. Patients underwent suturing with either nylon or Vicryl in unilateral cases, but in most bilateral surgeries, one eye received Vicryl sutures while the other eye received nylon...

Electroencephalography (EEG) has a long history in neuroscience starting with its original description in humans by Hans Berger in 1929 (Berger, 1932). Investigations of EEG under anesthesia started soon after in the mid-1930s (Gibbs, 1937). No single methodology paper can credibly cover all of the issues relating to this rich field. The purpose of this chapter is to introduce some caveats that complicate and inform analysis of the EEG. Special emphasis will be given to common issues such as choice of reference electrode, filtering, artifact rejection, and spectral analysis...

A study using an ovine model of transdermal intrathecal catheterization was planned to investigate the neurotoxicity ofmagnesium sulfate. Nonpregnant Merino cross ewes (n = 8; age, 5 y; weight, 55.0 ± 6.5 kg) were anesthetized for placementof a lumbar intrathecal catheter. The study protocol defined a 5-d recovery period after introduction of the catheter before theadministration of test substances (2 mL of 0.9% saline or 50 or 150 mg MgSO4) followed by euthanasia 1 wk later. Although 3sheep successfully completed the study as planned, one of the remaining 5 sheep was withdrawn when the catheter was accidentally dislodged 2 d after anesthesia; another was withdrawn because of persistent neurologic deficits of the left hindlimb and intense pruritus during the first 24 h after placement of the catheter; and the remaining 3 animals experienced unacceptable complications within the first 4 h of administration of the test substance...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: General anesthesia for breast surgery may be supplemented by using a regional anesthetic technique. We evaluated the efficacy of the first pectoral nerve block (Pecs I) in treating postoperative pain after breast cancer surgery. METHODS: A randomized, double-blind, dual-centered, placebo-controlled trial was performed. One hundred twenty-eight patients scheduled for unilateral breast cancer surgery were recruited. A multimodal analgesic regimen and surgeon-administered local anesthetic infiltration were used for all patients...

INTRODUCTION: Optimal uterine relaxation is achieved through higher minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) of inhalational anesthetics, increasing risks to mother and fetus. Our objective was to determine if earlier administration of magnesium sulfate would reduce the requirement of inhalational anesthetics in fetal myelomeningocele repair. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Prospective observational study of fetal myelomeningocele repair was performed from September 2011 to August 2017...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Transilluminated powered phlebectomy using the TriVex system is a new procedure for minimally invasive varicose vein surgery. We used the TriVex system for the removal of benign superficial subcutaneous soft tissue masses, and we also achieved satisfactory clinical effects. The objective of this study was to explore the feasibility, benefits, and technique-related complications of using the TriVex system for the removal of benign superficial masses as a novel and minimally invasive surgical technique...

PURPOSE: Postoperative cognitive dysfunction (PCD) is a subtle, prolonged deterioration in cognition after surgery. This complication has been frequently investigated, mainly after major (cardiac) surgery. However, the incidence after cochlear implantation is unknown. Therefore, the aim of the study was to investigate the incidence and possible risk factors of PCD in severely hearing-impaired older adults after cochlear implantation. METHODS: In a prospective cohort study, 26 older participants (age: M = 70, SD = 8 years), scheduled for cochlear implantation, were assessed prior to and 1 week after implantation by means of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA)...

Approximately 70% of cancer patients will eventually develop bone metastases. Spine, due to the abundance of red marrow in the vertebral bodies and the communication of deep thoracic-pelvic veins with valve-less vertebral venous plexuses, is the most common site of osseous metastatic disease. Open biopsies run the risk of destabilizing an already diseased spinal or peripheral skeleton segment. Percutaneous biopsies obviate such issues and provide immediate confirmation of correct needle location in the area of interest...