Magnetic resonance alzheimer

Differentiating clinical stages based solely on positive findings from amyloid PET is challenging. We aimed to investigate the neuroanatomical characteristics at the whole-brain level that differentiate prodromal Alzheimer's disease (AD) from cognitively unimpaired amyloid-positive individuals (CU A+) in relation to amyloid deposition and regional atrophy. We included 45 CU A+ participants and 135 participants with amyloid-positive prodromal AD matched 1:3 by age, sex, and education. All participants underwent 18 F-florbetaben positron emission tomography and 3D structural T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging...

Resilience in neuroscience generally refers to an individual's capacity to counteract the adverse effects of a neuropathological condition. While resilience mechanisms in Alzheimer's disease are well-investigated, knowledge regarding its quantification, neurobiological underpinnings, network adaptations, and long-term effects in Parkinson's disease is limited. Our study involved 151 Parkinson's patients from the Parkinson's Progression Marker Initiative Database with available Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Dopamine Transporter Single-Photon Emission Computed Tomography scans, and clinical information...

OBJECTIVE: Ferroptosis has been recognized as being closely associated with cognitive impairment. Research has established that Alzheimer's disease (AD)-associated proteins, such as amyloid precursor protein (APP) and phosphorylated tau, are involved in brain iron metabolism. These proteins are found in high concentrations within senile plaques and neurofibrillary tangles. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) offers a non-pharmacological approach to AD treatment. This study aims to explore the potential therapeutic effects of rTMS on cognitive impairment through the modulation of the ferroptosis pathway, thereby laying both a theoretical and experimental groundwork for the application of rTMS in treating Alzheimer's disease...

The most common cause of severe cognitive impairment in adults is Alzheimer's disease (AD). Depending on the age of onset, AD is divided into early (<65 years) and late (≥65 years) forms. Early-onset AD (EOAD) is significantly less common than later-onset AD (LOAD) and accounts for only about 5-10% of cases. However, its medical and social significance, as a disease leading to loss of ability to work and legal capacity, as well as premature death in patients aged 40-64 years, is extremely high. Patients with EOAD compared with LOAD have a greater number of atypical clinical variants - 25% and 6-12...

OBJECTIVE: To study the severity and localization of dilated perivascular spaces (DPVS), the levels of protein markers of amyloidosis and neurodegeneration in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) at different daily blood pressure (BP) profiles in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and other types of cognitive impairment. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A total of 119 people, aged 53 to 92 years, including 55 patients with AD, 27 patients with vascular cognitive disorders (VCD), 19 patients with frontotemporal degeneration (FTD)...

OBJECTIVE: To establish specific features of executive functions (EF) impairment and attention in vascular cognitive impairment (VCI) and Alzheimer's disease (AD). MATERIAL AND METHODS: Eighty people (over the age of 50) diagnosed with cerebrovascular disease (CVD) and AD, as well as 29 healthy volunteers (control group), were examined. The following neuropsychological methods were used to study the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of cognitive impairments: Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), EXIT-25, Frontal Assessment Battery (FAB), Clock Drawing Test, «12 Words» test, verbal associations (literal and categorical) method, Trail Making Test A and B, Symbol-Digit Modalities Test (SDMT), Stroop Test, and Benton Visual Retention Test...

BACKGROUND: Drivers with dementia are at a higher risk of motor vehicle accidents. The characteristics of driving behaviour of patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) have not been fully elucidated. We investigated driving ability and its relationship with cognitive function and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) morphometry indicators. METHODS: The driving abilities of 19 patients with AD and 11 with amnestic MCI (aMCI) were evaluated using a driving simulator...

UNLABELLED: Gamma-hydroxy-butyric acid (GABA) and glutamate are neurotransmitters with essential importance for cognitive processing. Here, we investigate relationships between GABA, glutamate, and brain ß-amyloid (Aß) burden before clinical manifestation of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Thirty cognitively healthy adults (age 69.9 ± 6 years) received high-resolution atlas-based 1 H-magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging (MRSI) at ultra-high magnetic field strength of 7 Tesla for gray matter-specific assessment of GABA and glutamate...

BACKGROUND: Although blood-based biomarkers have been identified as cost-effective and scalable alternatives to PET and CSF markers of neurodegenerative disease, little is known about how these biomarkers predict future brain atrophy and cognitive decline in cognitively unimpaired individuals. Using data from the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging (BLSA), we examined whether plasma biomarkers of Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology (amyloid-β [Aβ42/40 ], phosphorylated tau [pTau-181]), astrogliosis (glial fibrillary acidic protein [GFAP]), and neuronal injury (neurofilament light chain [NfL]) were associated with longitudinal brain volume loss and cognitive decline...

OBJECTIVES: The definition and assessment methods for subjective cognitive decline (SCD) vary among studies. We aimed to investigate which features or assessment methods of SCD best predict Alzheimer's disease (AD)-related structural atrophy patterns. METHODS: We assessed 104 individuals aged 55+ with memory complaints but normal cognitive screening. Our research questions were as follows: To improve the prediction of AD related morphological changes, (1) Would the use of a standardized cognitive screening scale be beneficial? (2) Is conducting a thorough neuropsychological evaluation necessary instead of relying solely on cognitive screening tests? (3) Should we apply SCD-plus research criteria, and if so, which criterion would be the most effective? (4) Is it necessary to consider medical and psychiatric comorbidities, vitamin deficiencies, vascular burden on MRI, and family history? We utilized Freesurfer to analyze cortical thickness and regional brain volume meta-scores linked to AD or predicting its development...

INTRODUCTION: The current study examined the contributions of comprehensive neuropsychological assessment and volumetric assessment of selected mesial temporal subregions on structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to identify patients with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) and mild probable Alzheimer's disease (AD) dementia in a memory clinic cohort. METHODS: Comprehensive neuropsychological assessment and automated entorhinal, transentorhinal, and hippocampal volume measurements were conducted in 40 healthy controls, 38 patients with subjective memory symptoms, 16 patients with aMCI, 16 patients with mild probable AD dementia...

OBJECTIVE: Ovarian removal prior to spontaneous/natural menopause (SM) is associated with increased risk of late life dementias including Alzheimer's disease. This increased risk may be related to the sudden and early loss of endogenous estradiol. Women with breast cancer gene mutations (BRCAm) are counseled to undergo oophorectomy prior to SM to significantly reduce their risk of developing breast, ovarian, and cervical cancers. There is limited evidence of the neurological effects of ovarian removal prior to the age of SM showing women without the BRCAm had cortical thinning in medial temporal lobe structures...

INTRODUCTION: The adipokines leptin and adiponectin have been associated with atherosclerosis and the risk of cerebral infarcts. Pre-clinical studies, however, suggest a protective role against ischemic brain damage. In this study we analyzed the relationship between serum leptin and adiponectin levels and the onset or progression of brain infarcts in subjects with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer's disease (AD). METHODS: All data were extracted from the ADNI database...

OBJECTIVE: Voxel-based morphometry (VBM), surface-based morphometry (SBM), and radiomics are widely used in the field of neuroimage analysis, while it is still unclear that the performance comparison between traditional morphometry and emerging radiomics methods in diagnosing brain aging. In this study, we aimed to develop a VBM-SBM model and a radiomics model for brain aging based on cognitively normal (CN) individuals and compare their performance to explore both methods' strengths, weaknesses, and relationships...

BACKGROUND: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an irreversible primary brain disease with insidious onset. The rise of imaging genetics research has led numerous researchers to examine the complex association between genes and brain phenotypes from the perspective of computational biology. METHODS: Given that most previous studies have assumed that imaging data and genetic data are linearly related and are therefore unable to explore their nonlinear relationship, our study applied a joint depth semi-supervised nonnegative matrix decomposition (JDSNMF) algorithm to solve this problem...

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the leading cause of dementia worldwide and significantly impacts the essential functions of daily life and social activities. Research on AD has found that its pathogenesis is related to the extracellular accumulation of amyloid-beta (Aβ) plaques and intracellular neurofibrillary tangles in the cortical and limbic areas of the human brain, as well as cerebrovascular factors. The detection of Aβ or tau can be performed using various probes and methodologies. However, these modalities are expensive to implement and often require invasive procedures, limiting accessibility on a large scale...

INTRODUCTION: Animal research has shown that tau pathology in the locus coeruleus (LC) is associated with reduced norepinephrine signaling, lower projection density to the medial temporal lobe (MTL), atrophy, and cognitive impairment. We investigated the contribution of LC-MTL functional connectivity (FCLC-MTL ) on cortical atrophy across Braak stage regions and its impact on cognition. METHODS: We analyzed functional magnetic resonance imaging and amyloid beta (Aβ) positron emission tomography data from 128 cognitively normal participants, associating novelty-related FCLC-MTL with longitudinal atrophy and cognition with and without Aβ moderation...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Frontotemporal dementia (FTD) is a clinically and pathologically heterogeneous neurodegenerative condition with a prevalence comparable to Alzheimer's disease for patients under 65 years of age. Limited studies have examined the association between cognition and neuroimaging in FTD using different imaging modalities. METHODS: We examined the association of cognition using Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) with both gray matter (GM) volume and glucose metabolism using magnetic resonance imaging and fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG)-PET in 21 patients diagnosed with FTD...

Background and Objectives : Magnetic resonance imaging is vital for diagnosing cognitive decline. Brodmann areas (BA), distinct regions of the cerebral cortex categorized by cytoarchitectural variances, provide insights into cognitive function. This study aims to compare cortical thickness measurements across brain areas identified by BA mapping. We assessed these measurements among patients with and without cognitive impairment, and across groups categorized by cognitive performance levels using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) test...

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE: The corticobasal syndrome (CBS) is a complex asymmetric movement disorder, with cognitive impairment. Although commonly associated with the primary 4-repeat-tauopathy of corticobasal degeneration, clinicopathological correlation is poor, and a significant proportion is due to Alzheimer's disease (AD). Synaptic loss is a pathological feature of many clinical and preclinical tauopathies. We therefore measured the degree of synaptic loss in patients with CBS and tested whether synaptic loss differed according to β-amyloid status...