keyword
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38175903/balancing-risk-return-decisions-by-manipulating-the-mesofrontal-circuits-in-primates
#21
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Ryo Sasaki, Yasumi Ohta, Hirotaka Onoe, Reona Yamaguchi, Takeshi Miyamoto, Takashi Tokuda, Yuki Tamaki, Kaoru Isa, Jun Takahashi, Kenta Kobayashi, Jun Ohta, Tadashi Isa
Decision-making is always coupled with some level of risk, with more pathological forms of risk-taking decisions manifesting as gambling disorders. In macaque monkeys trained in a high risk-high return (HH) versus low risk-low return (LL) choice task, we found that the reversible pharmacological inactivation of ventral Brodmann area 6 (area 6V) impaired the risk dependency of decision-making. Selective optogenetic activation of the mesofrontal pathway from the ventral tegmental area (VTA) to the ventral aspect of 6V resulted in stronger preference for HH, whereas activation of the pathway from the VTA to the dorsal aspect of 6V led to LL preference...
January 5, 2024: Science
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38152094/myeloarchitectonic-maps-of-the-human-cerebral-cortex-registered-to-surface-and-sections-of-a-standard-atlas-brain
#22
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Juergen K Mai, Milan Majtanik
C. and O. Vogt had set up a research program with the aim of establishing a detailed cartography of the medullary fiber distribution of the human brain. As part of this program, around 200 cortical fields were differentiated based on their myeloarchitectural characteristics and mapped with regard to their exact location in the isocortex. The typical features were graphically documented and classified by a sophisticated linguistic coding. Their results have only recently received adequate attention and applications...
January 1, 2023: Translational Neuroscience
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38145123/integrating-fractional-amplitude-of-low-frequency-fluctuation-and-functional-connectivity-to-investigate-the-mechanism-and-prognosis-of-severe-traumatic-brain-injury
#23
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Biao Li, Wu-Gen Li, Yao Guo, Yang Wang, Lu-Yang Xu, Yuan Yang, Shi-Guo Xu, Zi-Long Tan, Yu-Ran Mei, Kai-Yang Wang
OBJECTIVE: Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) has been used for evaluating residual brain function and predicting the prognosis of patients with severe traumatic brain injury (sTBI). This study aimed to integrate the fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (fALFF) and functional connectivity (FC) to investigate the mechanism and prognosis of patients with sTBI. METHODS: Sixty-five patients with sTBI were included and underwent fMRI scanning within 14 days after brain injury...
2023: Frontiers in Neurology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38118169/electrospinography-for-non-invasively-recording-spinal-sensorimotor-networks-in-humans
#24
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Alexander G Steele, Amir H Faraji, Jose L Contreras-Vidal
Currently, few non-invasive measures exist for directly measuring spinal sensorimotor networks. Electrospinography (ESG) is one non-invasive method but is primarily used to measure evoked responses or for monitoring the spinal cord during surgery. Our objectives were to evaluate the feasibility of ESG to measure spinal sensorimotor networks by determining spatiotemporal and functional connectivity changes during single-joint movements at the spinal and cortical levels.
Approach. We synchronously recorded electroencephalography (EEG), electromyography, and ESG in ten neurologically intact adults while performing one of three lower-limb tasks (no movement, plantar-flexion and knee flexion) in the prone position...
December 20, 2023: Journal of Neural Engineering
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38094257/targeted-delivery-of-chemogenetic-adeno-associated-viral-vectors-to-cortical-sulcus-regions-in-macaque-monkeys-by-handheld-injections
#25
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Kei Oyama, Yuji Nagai, Takafumi Minamimoto
Recent advancements in chemogenetic tools, such as designer receptors exclusively activated by designer drugs (DREADDs), allow the simultaneous manipulation of activity over a specific, broad brain region in nonhuman primates. However, the introduction of DREADDs into large and complexly shaped cortical sulcus regions of macaque monkeys is technically demanding; previously reported methods are time consuming or do not allow the spatial range of expression to be controlled. In the present report, we describe the procedure for an adeno-associated viral vector (AAV2...
December 5, 2023: Bio-protocol
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38092496/head-to-head-comparison-of-2%C3%A2-paclitaxel-coated-balloons-for%C3%A2-femoropopliteal-lesions
#26
RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL
Koen R Deloose, Wouter Lansink, Marianne Brodmann, Martin Werner, Koen Keirse, Yann Gouëffic, Jürgen Verbist, Lieven Maene, Jeroen M H Hendriks, Jerome Brunet, Eric Ducasse, Kara Levent, Antoine Sauguet, Femke Vandael, Sofie Vercauteren, Joren Callaert
BACKGROUND: There is a scarcity of published head-to-head comparisons between different paclitaxel-coated angioplasty balloons. More prospective safety data to support the health care economic reimbursement processes are needed. OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to report the safety and efficacy of the Passeo-18 Lux drug-coated balloon (DCB) (Biotronik AG) for the treatment of symptomatic peripheral artery disease caused by stenosis, restenosis, or occlusion of the femoral and/or popliteal arteries...
December 11, 2023: JACC. Cardiovascular Interventions
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38083731/eeg-source-analysis-with-a-convolutional-neural-network-and-finite-element-analysis
#27
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Thanos Delatolas, Marios Antonakakis, Carsten H Wolters, Michalis Zervakis
To reconstruct the electrophysiological activity of brain responses, source analysis is performed through the solution of the forward and inverse problems. The former contains a unique solution while the latter is ill-posed. In this regard, many algorithms have been suggested relying on different prior information for solving the inverse problem. Recently, neural networks have been used to deal with source analysis. However, their underlying training for inverse solutions is based on suboptimal forward modeling...
July 2023: Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38071879/lower-levels-of-soluble-%C3%AE-amyloid-precursor-protein-but-not-%C3%AE-amyloid-in-the-frontal-cortex-in-schizophrenia
#28
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Brian Dean, James Duce, Qiao-Xin Li, Colin L Masters, Elizabeth Scarr
We identified a sub-group (25%) of people with schizophrenia (muscarinic receptor deficit schizophrenia (MRDS)) that are characterised because of markedly lower levels of cortical muscarinic M1 receptors (CHRM1) compared to most people with the disorder (non-MRDS). Notably, bioinformatic analyses of our cortical gene expression data shows a disturbance in the homeostasis of a biochemical pathway that regulates levels of CHRM1. A step in this pathway is the processing of β-amyloid precursor protein (APP) and therefore we postulated there would be altered levels of APP in the frontal cortex from people with MRDS...
December 3, 2023: Psychiatry Research
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38062346/laminar-distribution-of-cannabinoid-receptor-1-in-the-prefrontal-cortex-of-nonhuman-primates
#29
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Yingying Han, Qianyu Dong, Jiyun Peng, Baoming Li, Chong Sun, Chaolin Ma
Cannabis is an annual herb of the genus Cannabis, with a history of medical use going back thousands of years. However, its abuse causes many side-effects, including confusion of consciousness, alienation, and mental disorders such as schizophrenia and depression. Research conducted on rodents suggests that there are two types of cannabinoid receptors-cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB1R) and cannabinoid receptor 2 (CB2R). CB1R is found mostly in the central nervous system, particularly in the prefrontal cortex (PFC), and alterations in its expression in the PFC have been strongly linked to mental disorders...
December 7, 2023: Molecular Neurobiology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38049671/noddi-identifies-cognitive-associations-with-in-vivo-microstructural-changes-in-remote-cortical-regions-and-thalamocortical-pathways-in-thalamic-stroke
#30
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Jie Zhang, Lingling Li, Renjie Ji, Desheng Shang, Xinrui Wen, Jun Hu, Yingqiao Wang, Dan Wu, Li Zhang, Fangping He, Xiangming Ye, Benyan Luo
The roles of cerebral structures distal to isolated thalamic infarcts in cognitive deficits remain unclear. We aimed to identify the in vivo microstructural characteristics of remote gray matter (GM) and thalamic pathways and elucidate their roles across cognitive domains. Patients with isolated ischemic thalamic stroke and healthy controls underwent neuropsychological assessment and magnetic resonance imaging. Neurite orientation dispersion and density imaging (NODDI) was modeled to derive the intracellular volume fraction (VFic ) and orientation dispersion index...
December 5, 2023: Translational Stroke Research
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38027522/prefrontal-photobiomodulation-produces-beneficial-mitochondrial-and-oxygenation-effects-in-older-adults-with-bipolar-disorder
#31
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Courtney M O'Donnell, Douglas W Barrett, Patrick O'Connor, F Gonzalez-Lima
There is growing evidence of mitochondrial dysfunction and prefrontal cortex (PFC) hypometabolism in bipolar disorder (BD). Older adults with BD exhibit greater decline in PFC-related neurocognitive functions than is expected for age-matched controls, and clinical interventions intended for mood stabilization are not targeted to prevent or ameliorate mitochondrial deficits and neurocognitive decline in this population. Transcranial infrared laser stimulation (TILS) is a non-invasive form of photobiomodulation, in which photons delivered to the PFC photo-oxidize the mitochondrial respiratory enzyme, cytochrome-c-oxidase (CCO), a major intracellular photon acceptor in photobiomodulation...
2023: Frontiers in Neuroscience
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38020762/unraveling-the-transcriptomic-signatures-of-parkinson-s-disease-and-major-depression-using-single-cell-and-bulk-data
#32
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Christiana C Christodoulou, Anna Onisiforou, Panos Zanos, Eleni Zamba Papanicolaou
BACKGROUND: Motor symptoms are well-characterized in Parkinson's disease (PD). However, non-motor symptoms, such as depression, are commonly observed and can appear up to 10 years before motor features, resulting in one-third of individuals being misdiagnosed with a neuropsychiatric disorder. Thus, identifying diagnostic biomarkers is crucial for accurate PD diagnosis during its prodromal or early stages. METHODS: We employed an integrative approach, combining single nucleus RNA and bulk mRNA transcriptomics to perform comparative molecular signatures analysis between PD and major depressive disorder (MDD)...
2023: Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38020216/secretagogin-as-a-marker-to-distinguish-between-different-neuron-types-in-human-frontal-and-temporal-cortex
#33
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Silvia Tapia-González, Javier DeFelipe
The principal aim of the present work was to chemically characterize the population of neurons labeled for the calcium binding protein secretagogin (SCGN) in the human frontal and temporal cortices (Brodmann's area 10 and 21, respectively). Both cortical regions are involved in many high cognitive functions that are especially well developed (or unique) in humans, but with different functional roles. The pattern of SCGN immunostaining was rather similar in BA10 and BA21, with all the labeled neurons displaying a non-pyramidal morphology (interneurons)...
2023: Frontiers in Neuroanatomy
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38014788/thin-and-plain-supplementary-motor-area-in-chronic-ankle-instability-a-volume-and-surface-based-morphometric-study
#34
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Xiao'ao Xue, Yuwen Zhang, Wenwen Yu, Qianru Li, Yiran Wang, Rong Lu, He Wang, Yinghui Hua
CONTEXT: The supplementary motor area (SMA) is involved in the functional deficits of chronic ankle instability (CAI), but the structural basis of its abnormalities remains unclear. OBJECTIVE: To determine the differences in volume and surface-based morphological features of SMA between patients with CAI and healthy controls, and their relationship with the clinical features of CAI. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. SETTING: Sports medicine laboratory...
November 28, 2023: Journal of Athletic Training
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37986891/cell-lineage-analysis-with-somatic-mutations-reveals-late-divergence-of-neuronal-cell-types-and-cortical-areas-in-human-cerebral-cortex
#35
Sonia Nan Kim, Vinayak V Viswanadham, Ryan N Doan, Yanmei Dou, Sara Bizzotto, Sattar Khoshkhoo, August Yue Huang, Rebecca Yeh, Brian Chhouk, Alex Truong, Kathleen M Chappell, Marc Beaudin, Alison Barton, Shyam K Akula, Lariza Rento, Michael Lodato, Javier Ganz, Ryan A Szeto, Pengpeng Li, Jessica W Tsai, Robert Sean Hill, Peter J Park, Christopher A Walsh
The mammalian cerebral cortex shows functional specialization into regions with distinct neuronal compositions, most strikingly in the human brain, but little is known in about how cellular lineages shape cortical regional variation and neuronal cell types during development. Here, we use somatic single nucleotide variants (sSNVs) to map lineages of neuronal sub-types and cortical regions. Early-occurring sSNVs rarely respect Brodmann area (BA) borders, while late-occurring sSNVs mark neuron-generating clones with modest regional restriction, though descendants often dispersed into neighboring BAs...
November 6, 2023: bioRxiv
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37981779/resting-state-functional-connectivity-of-the-anterior-cingulate-cortex-among-persons-with-mood-disorders-and-suicidal-behaviors
#36
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Elisa Ambrosi, Kaylah N Curtis, Puneetha Goli, Michelle A Patriquin, David B Arciniegas, Alessio Simonetti, Gianfranco Spalletta, Ramiro Salas
OBJECTIVE: To assess whether anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) abnormalities contribute to suicide risk in major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder, the investigators compared resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC) of ACC subdivisions between individuals with major depressive or bipolar disorder with and without a lifetime history of suicidal behavior. METHODS: Forty-two inpatients with and 26 inpatients without a history of suicidal behavior (SB+ and SB-, respectively) associated with major depressive or bipolar disorder and 40 healthy control (HC) participants underwent rsFC neuroimaging...
November 20, 2023: Journal of Neuropsychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37949800/european-society-for-vascular-surgery-esvs-2024-clinical-practice-guidelines-on-the-management-of-asymptomatic-lower-limb-peripheral-arterial-disease-and-intermittent-claudication
#37
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Joakim Nordanstig, Christian-Alexander Behrendt, Iris Baumgartner, Jill Belch, Maria Bäck, Robert Fitridge, Robert Hinchliffe, Anne Lejay, Joseph L Mills, Ulrich Rother, Birgitta Sigvant, Konstantinos Spanos, Zoltán Szeberin, Willemien van de Water, George A Antoniou, Martin Björck, Frederico Bastos Gonçalves, Raphael Coscas, Nuno V Dias, Isabelle van Herzeele, Sandro Lepidi, Barend M E Mees, Timothy A Resch, Jean-Baptiste Ricco, Santi Trimarchi, Christopher P Twine, Riikka Tulamo, Anders Wanhainen, Jonathan R Boyle, Marianne Brodmann, Alan Dardik, Florian Dick, Yann Goëffic, Andrew Holden, Stavros Kakkos, Phillipe Kolh, Mary M McDermott
No abstract text is available yet for this article.
November 8, 2023: European Journal of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37942215/the-anatomy-of-the-four-streams-of-the-prefrontal-cortex-preliminary-evidence-from-a-population-based-high-definition-tractography-study
#38
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Georgios P Skandalakis, Jessica Barrios-Martinez, Syed Faraz Kazim, Kavelin Rumalla, Evan N Courville, Neil Mahto, Aristotelis Kalyvas, Fang-Cheng Yeh, Constantinos G Hadjipanayis, Meic H Schmidt, Michael Kogan
The model of the four streams of the prefrontal cortex proposes 4 streams of information: motor through Brodmann area (BA) 8, emotion through BA 9, memory through BA 10, and emotional-related sensory through BA 11. Although there is a surge of functional data supporting these 4 streams within the PFC, the structural connectivity underlying these neural networks has not been fully clarified. Here we perform population-based high-definition tractography using an averaged template generated from data of 1,065 human healthy subjects acquired from the Human Connectome Project to further elucidate the structural organization of these regions...
2023: Frontiers in Neuroanatomy
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37936521/prestimulus-alpha-power-signals-attention-to-retrieval
#39
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Bernhard Pastötter, Christian Frings
The human brain is in distinct processing modes at different times. Specifically, a distinction can be made between encoding and retrieval modes, which refer to the brain's state when it is storing new information or searching for old information, respectively. Recent research proposed the idea of a "ready-to-encode" mode, which describes a prestimulus effect in brain activity that signals (external) attention to encoding and predicts subsequent memory performance. Whether there is also a corresponding "ready-to-retrieve" mode in human brain activity is currently unclear...
November 7, 2023: European Journal of Neuroscience
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37923281/reduced-dimension-stimulus-decoding-and-column-based-modeling-reveal-architectural-differences-of-primary-somatosensory-finger-maps-between-younger-and-older-adults
#40
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Avinash Kalyani, Oliver Contier, Lisa Klemm, Elena Azañon, Stefanie Schreiber, Oliver Speck, Christoph Reichert, Esther Kuehn
The primary somatosensory cortex (SI) contains fine-grained tactile representations of the body, arranged in an orderly fashion. The use of ultra-high resolution fMRI data to detect group differences, for example between younger and older adults' SI maps, is challenging, because group alignment often does not preserve the high spatial detail of the data. Here, we use robust-shared response modeling (rSRM) that allows group analyses by mapping individual stimulus-driven responses to a lower dimensional shared feature space, to detect age-related differences in tactile representations between younger and older adults using 7T-fMRI data...
December 1, 2023: NeuroImage
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