mirna aneurysm

MicroRNAs (miRs, miRNAs) are known to have a part in various human illnesses, such as those related to the heart. One particular miRNA, miR-155, has been extensively studied and has been found to be involved in hematopoietic lineage differentiation, immunity, viral infections, inflammation, as well as vascular remodeling. These processes have all been connected to cardiovascular diseases, including heart failure, diabetic heart disease, coronary artery disease, and abdominal aortic aneurysm. The impacts of miR-155 depend on the type of cell it is acting on and the specific target genes involved, resulting in different mechanisms of disease...

This comprehensive review explores the emerging field of epigenetics in intracranial aneurysm (IA) and aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH). Despite recent advancements, the high mortality of aSAH needs an understanding of its underlying pathophysiology, where epigenetics plays a crucial role. This review synthesizes the current knowledge, focusing on three primary epigenetic mechanisms: DNA methylation, non-coding RNA (ncRNA), and histone modification in IA and aSAH. While DNA methylation studies are relatively limited, they suggest a significant role in the pathogenesis and prognosis of IA and aSAH, highlighting differentially methylated positions in genes presumably involved in these pathologies...

BACKGROUND: Intracranial aneurysms (IAs) represent protrusions in the vascular wall, with their growth and wall thinning influenced by various factors. These processes can culminate in the rupture of the aneurysm, leading to subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Unfortunately, over half of the patients prove unable to withstand SAH, succumbing to adverse outcomes despite intensive therapeutic interventions, even in premier medical facilities. This study seeks to discern the pivotal microRNAs (miRNAs) and genes associated with the formation and progression of IAs...

Aortic aneurysms are a serious health concern as their rupture leads to high morbidity and mortality. Abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs) and thoracic aortic aneurysms (TAAs) exhibit differences and similarities in their pathophysiological and pathogenetic features. AAA is a multifactorial disease, mainly associated with atherosclerosis, characterized by a relevant inflammatory response and calcification. TAA is rarely associated with atherosclerosis and in some cases is associated with genetic mutations such as Marfan syndrome (MFS) and bicuspid aortic valve (BAV)...

Increasing evidence shows that epigenetics also plays a key role in regulating the pathogenetic mechanism of all types of aortic aneurysms. It is well-known that epigenetic factors modulate gene expression. This mechanism appears to be of interest especially knowing the relevance of genetic susceptibility and genetic factors in the complex pathophysiology of aortic aneurysms, and of sporadic forms; in fact, the latter are the result of a close interaction between genetic and modifiable lifestyle factors (i...

INTRODUCTION: Positron emission tomography (PET) imaging can be used to evaluate arterial wall inflammation in extracranial vascular diseases. However, the application of PET imaging in unruptured intracranial aneurysms (UIA) remains unexplored. Our objective is to investigate feasibility of PET imaging using 18F-FDG and 68Ga-DOTANOC tracers to evaluate arterial wall inflammation in UIA. METHODS AND ANALYSIS: This PET imaging feasibility study will enrol patients scheduled for surgical treatment of UIA...

BACKGROUND: Spontaneous gastric hematoma is an exceedingly rare condition characterized by the accumulation of blood within the gastric wall without any apparent iatrogenic or traumatic cause. Coagulopathies are the most frequent cause of gastric hematomas. However, other causes include amyloidosis, pancreatitis, visceral vascular aneurysms, endoscopy complications and others. The pathophysiology of spontaneous gastric hematoma is not completely understood. However, it is postulated that it is caused by disruption of submucosal vessels that leads to dissection of the muscularis layer and formation of false lumen...

OBJECTIVE: Thoracic aortic aneurysm dissection (TAAD) represents a cardiac surgery emergency characterized by the disrupted integrity of the aortic wall and is associated with poor prognosis. In this context, the identification of biomarkers implicated in the pathobiology of TAAD is crucial. Our aim in the present original in silico study is to assess the differential gene expression profile of the tight junction proteins (TJPs) in patients with TAAD and to propose novel biomarkers for the diagnosis and prognosis of this disease...

BACKGROUND: Small abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs) are asymptomatic but can potentially lead to rupture if left undetected. To date, there is a lack of simple non-radiologic routine tests available for diagnosing AAAs. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have been proven to be good-quality biomarkers in several diseases, including AAA. MATERIALS AND METHODS: An attempt to identify a panel of circulating miRNAs with differential expression in AAAs via Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS) was performed in serum samples: small AAAs (n=3), large AAAs (n=3), and controls (n=3)...

This critical review of studies on Behçet's syndrome published during 2022 includes studies on epidemiology, patients' perspective, pathogenesis, diagnosis, clinical features and management. Studies on pathogenesis included potential biomarkers mostly related to macrophages, neutrophil and cytokine balance, new GWAS and polymorphism studies, and studies on miRNAs and long non-coding RNAs. Clinical studies showed that application of pneumococcal vaccine to the prick site increased the sensitivity and specificity of the pathergy test and the prevalence of AA amyloidosis had decreased over the years...

OBJECTIVES: To identify the dysregulated functional miRNAs, miRNA-16, miRNA-143, and miRNA-200 as potential biomarkers of cerebral aneurysms(CAs) to aid in diagnosis and prognosis. METHODS: This is a prospective case-control study conducted among patients with CA. All patients' computed tomography angiography (CTA) and interventional angiogram were assessed and studied. The miRNAs were isolated and quantified from peripheral blood samples and the expression profiling was done using TaqMan chemistry on Real-Time PCR...

INTRODUCTION: Smoking is an independent risk factor for the formation and rupture of intracranial aneurysms (IA). However, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. METHODS: In this study, we performed miRNA sequencing on plasma from 10 smoking patients with IA, 10 non-smoking patients with IA, and 10 healthy controls. The differentially expressed miRNAs (DE miRNAs) between smoking and non-smoking patients with IA were identified. Functional and pathway enrichment analysis is employed to investigate the potential functions of those DE miRNA target genes...

BACKGROUND: This study investigated the role of apoptosis-related genes in thoracic aortic aneurysms (TAA) and provided more insights into TAA's pathogenesis and molecular mechanisms. MATERIAL/METHODS: Two gene expression datasets (GSE9106 and GSE26155) were retrieved from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Apoptosis-related genes were obtained from the KEGG apoptosis pathway (hsa04210). Differentially expressed apoptosis-related genes were identified by performing differential expression analysis using limma for TAA blood and tissue samples...

Background: Coronary artery ectasia (CAE), known for localized or diffuse excessive dilatation of the coronary artery, has an unknown etiology, but it has been reported that the underlying cause may be atherosclerosis and genetic changes that may affect the arterial lumen. MicroRNAs have been shown to have an effect in aneurysm diseases and are known to contribute to vascular development and atherosclerosis. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether they are also associated with CAE. Methods: This cross-sectional study consisted of 25 patients with CAE and 25 subjects with normal coronary arteries...

Aortic and visceral aneurysms affect large arterial vessels, including the thoracic and abdominal aorta, as well as visceral arterial branches, such as the splenic, hepatic, and mesenteric arteries, respectively. Although these clinical entities have not been equally researched, it seems that they might share certain common pathophysiological changes and molecular mechanisms. The yet limited published data, with regard to newly designed, novel therapies, could serve as a nidus for the evaluation and potential implementation of such treatments in large artery aneurysms...

Thrombin-Activatable Fibrinolysis Inhibitor (TAFI) is a carboxypeptidase B-like proenzyme encoded by the CPB2 gene. After thrombin activation, TAFI downregulates fibrinolysis, thus linking the latter with coagulation. TAFI has been shown to play a role in venous and arterial thrombotic diseases, yet, data regarding the molecular mechanisms underlying its function have been conflicting. In this study, we focused on the prediction and functional enrichment analysis (FEA) of the TAFI interaction network and the microRNAs (miRNAs) targeting the members of this network in an attempt to identify novel components and pathways of TAFI-related thrombosis...

BACKGROUND: Although abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is associated with life-threatening complications, there are still limited reliable biomarkers for diagnostic purpose. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have been proposed as the potential diagnostic and risk stratification markers of AAA patients, and we aim to evaluate the serum level of miR-1-3p and its diagnostic value in AAA. METHODS: This study included 200 AAA patients and 200 controls. Demographic data and clinical information were collected from the subjects' medical records...

INTRODUCTION: Aortic aneurysms (AA) are prevalent worldwide with a notable absence of drug therapies. Thus, identifying potential drug targets is of utmost importance. AA often presents in the elderly, coupled with consistently raised serum inflammatory markers. Given that ageing and inflammation are pivotal processes linked to the evolution of AA, we have identified key genes involved in the inflammaging process of AA development through various bioinformatics methods, thereby providing potential molecular targets for further investigation...

Characterized by coronary artery obstruction or stenosis, ischemic cardiovascular diseases as advanced stages of coronary heart diseases commonly lead to left ventricular aneurysm, ventricular septal defect, and mitral insufficiency. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) secreted by diverse cells in the body exert roles in cell-cell interactions and intrinsic cellular regulations. With a lipid double-layer membrane and biological components such as DNA, protein, mRNA, microRNAs (miRNA), and siRNA inside, the EVs function as paracrine signaling for the pathophysiology of ischemic cardiovascular diseases and maintenance of the cardiac homeostasis...

An aortic aneurysm (AA) is defined as focal aortic dilation that occurs mainly with older age and with chronic inflammation associated with atherosclerosis. The aneurysmal wall is a complex inflammatory environment characterized by endothelial dysfunction, macrophage activation, vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) apoptosis, and the production of proinflammatory molecules and matrix metalloproteases (MMPs) secreted by infiltrated inflammatory cells such as macrophages, T and B cells, dendritic cells, neutrophils, mast cells, and natural killer cells...