neonatal sepsi

OBJECTIVES: Group B streptococcus (GBS) colonization among pregnant women is the leading cause of neonatal infection. Intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis (IAP) is the most effective method to reduce the incidents of neonatal sepsis. We describe compliance with GBS management and the implementation of IAP in the context of the long-term effect of antibiotics. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study was conducted among 249 childbearing women hospitalized between January 2022 and February 2022 at University Clinical Center in Gdansk, Poland...

BACKGROUND: Aminoglycosides (AGs) are important antibiotics in the treatment of Gram-negative sepsis. However, they are associated with the risk of irreversible sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL). Several genetic variants have been implicated in the development of ototoxicity. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the pharmacogenetic determinants of AG-related ototoxicity. METHODS: This study followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses and was registered on Prospero (CRD42022337769)...

BACKGROUND: Congenital cytomegalovirus (cCMV) infection, resulting from non-primary maternal infection or reactivation during pregnancy, can cause serious fetal abnormalities, complications in the immediate neonatal period, and severe sequelae later in childhood. Maternal non-primary cytomegalovirus infection in pregnancy is transmitted to the fetus in 0.5-2% of cases (1). CASE PRESENTATION: An African full term male newbornwas delivered by emergency caesarean section...

OBJECTIVE: Our aim was to refine the essential newborn care practices by employing the multidisciplinary peer team-led quality improvement (QI) projects. DESIGN: In 2017, concerning the same, the department focused on early initiation of breast feeding, prevention of hypothermia within an hour of life and rational usage of antibiotics among babies admitted to neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). Baseline data reported the rate of initiation of breast feeding, hypothermia and antibiotic exposure rate as 35%, 78% and 75%, respectively...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: National-level data on the incidence of red blood cell (RBC) transfusions and outcomes among very preterm infants (VPIs) are lacking in China. This study aims to describe the use and variation of RBC transfusion among VPIs in China. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This cohort study was conducted among 70 tertiary hospitals participating in the Chinese Neonatal Network (CHNN) from 2019 to 2020 across China. All VPIs admitted to the CHNN neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) were included...

BACKGROUND: Umbilical cord blood culture (UCBC) may have a diagnostic utility for early onset sepsis (EOS) detection in preterm infants. It may prevent sampling the newborn and collect a higher volume of blood for pathogenic identification. METHODS: Retrospective analysis at a tertiary care center in Canada of preterm infants ≤ 34 0/7 weeks' gestation with UCBC taken at birth. RESULTS: Of 505 admitted infants, 195 had UCBC. 170 UCBCs were negative; 44 of these had also negative neonatal blood culture (NBC)...

Systematic culture of the tip of central lines is performed in many neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) to guide any subsequent antibiotic therapy. The clinical relevance of this procedure is debated, given the significant bacterial contamination during its removal. We aimed to describe infections related to catheters and assess the usefulness of central catheter systematic cultures for probabilistic antibiotic therapy in cases of suspicion of catheter-related infections in a NICU. A retrospective study in a NICU included all newborn patients hospitalized with a central catheter, between January 2018, and June 2019...

This is the unusual case of concurrent late-onset sepsis caused by enteroviruses in preterm quadruplets in a neonatal ward. While viral infections are an important differential diagnosis of bacterial sepsis in the outpatient setting, the occurrence in a neonatal ward with strict prophylactic hygiene measures is unusual. In this case, transmission of enteroviruses via breast milk appears possible.

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BACKGROUND: Streptococcus gallolyticus subspecies pasteurianus (SGP), a subtype of Streptococcus bovis, is an uncommon but important cause of neonatal sepsis. Although uncommon, SGP infections during infancy have been associated with an increased risk of morbidity and mortality. METHODS: This is a systematic review and meta-analysis of available literature on the clinical course and outcomes of infants with SGP infection. Studies were identified using the following MeSH keywords: "Streptococcus gallolyticus," "Streptococcus bovis," "newborn" and "infant...

BACKGROUND: Neonatal sepsis poses a critical healthcare concern, as multidrug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (K. pneumoniae) infections are on the rise. Understanding the antimicrobial susceptibility patterns and underlying resistance mechanism is crucial for effective treatment. OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to comprehensively investigate the antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of K. pneumoniae strains responsible for neonatal sepsis using in silico tools. We sought to identify trends and explore reasons for varying resistance levels, particularly for β-lactams and fluoroquinolone...

Through vaginal colonization, GBS causes severe pregnancy outcomes including neonatal sepsis and meningitis. Although intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis (IAP) has reduced early-onset disease rates, persistent GBS colonization has been observed in patients following prophylaxis. To determine whether IAP selects for genomic signatures that enhance GBS survival and persistence in the vaginal tract, whole-genome sequencing was performed on 97 isolates from 58 patients before (prenatal) and after (postpartum) IAP/childbirth...

INTRODUCTION: Infants are at risk for thrombotic conditions due to multiple risk factors such as congenital heart defects and sepsis. According to the American College of Chest Physicians (ACCP) 2012 guidelines, enoxaparin may be given for thrombotic conditions at a dose of 1.5 mg/kg/dose every 12 h for patients less than 2 months of age and 1 mg/kg/dose every 12 h for those older than 2 months. Several studies have reported that infants typically require a higher initial dose of enoxaparin to reach therapeutic antifactor Xa levels than what is currently recommended...

BACKGROUND: Management of neural tube defects (NTDs) is challenging and the outcome is demanding. AIMS: To analyze the outcomes in operated cases of NTDs closed using various types of flaps. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The data between June 2017 and May 2023 were analyzed. The mode of presentation, timing of intervention, type of flap, neurological status after closure, status of the wound, presence of hydrocephalous, flap blackening, flap necrosis, features of sepsis, and the outcome were recorded and analyzed...

The goal of this investigation was to identify the association between Syndecan-1 (S1) serum levels in preterm newborns exposed to chorioamnionitis (CA) in utero and the potential of S1 as a biomarker of early-onset neonatal sepsis. A cohort of preterm newborns born <33 weeks gestational age was recruited. Within 48 hours of birth, 0.5 mL of blood was drawn to obtain S1 levels, measured via ELISA. Placentas were examined and classified as having (1) no CA, (2) CA without umbilical cord involvement, or (3) CA with inflammation of the umbilical cord (funisitis)...

BACKGROUND: The neonatal period faces the greatest risk of death as they are vulnerable to sepsis, birth asphyxia, hypoxic injuries etc. A substantial disparity exists in NMR between Nepal and other developed countries and among different provinces of Nepal as well. This study was conducted to describe the pattern of neonatal admission, and immediate hospital outcomes from NICU located in a remote part of Nepal. METHODS: This prospective study was conducted in The Province Hospital, Karnali, Nepal over a period of six months (June 2021 to Dec 2021 AD)...

BACKGROUND: Extremely preterm infants, defined as those born before 28 weeks' gestational age, are a very vulnerable patient group at high risk for adverse outcomes, such as necrotizing enterocolitis and death. Necrotizing enterocolitis is an inflammatory gastrointestinal disease with high incidence in this cohort and has severe implications on morbidity and mortality. Previous randomized controlled trials have shown reduced incidence of necrotizing enterocolitis among older preterm infants following probiotic supplementation...

BACKGROUND: Previously, not six systemic inflammatory indices were evaluated in the diagnosis of early onset sepsis (EOS) in very low birth weight (VLBW, <1500g) premature infants. OBJECTIVES: We evaluated the effectiveness of systemic inflammatory indices in the diagnosis of EOS in VLBW infants. METHODS: Premature infants with birth weight <1500 g were included in the study. Six systemic inflammatory indices including neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio (MLR), systemic immune-inflammation index (SII), pan-immune-inflammation value (PIV), and systemic inflammation response index (SIRI) were compared in patients with EOS (treatment group) and without EOS (control group)...

PURPOSE: To compare the clinical characteristics, virus serotype, and outcome in cases of mild and severe enteroviral infection at a tertiary neonatal intensive care unit in China. METHODS: A retrospective analysis of cases hospitalized between June and August 2019. Samples (stool or throat swabs) were examined using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Positive cases were divided into two groups: mild infection and severe infection. RESULTS: A total of 149 cases were assigned to one of two groups: mild infection (n = 104) and severe infection (n = 45)...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: This study aims to assess the prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of bacterial infections associated with both early-onset sepsis (EOS) and late-onset sepsis (LOS). METHODOLOGY: This descriptive retrospective surveillance research was conducted on all neonates admitted to the neonatal ICU with bacterial sepsis, where positive cultures were isolated from sterile sites (either cerebrospinal fluid or blood) at Tawam Hospital, Al Ain, Emirate of Abu Dhabi, UAE, from January 2012 and December 2021...