keyword
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38362620/dormant-cancer-cells-and-polyploid-giant-cancer-cells-the-roots-of-cancer-recurrence-and-metastasis
#21
REVIEW
Yuqi Jiao, Yongjun Yu, Minying Zheng, Man Yan, Jiangping Wang, Yue Zhang, Shiwu Zhang
Tumour cell dormancy is critical for metastasis and resistance to chemoradiotherapy. Polyploid giant cancer cells (PGCCs) with giant or multiple nuclei and high DNA content have the properties of cancer stem cell and single PGCCs can individually generate tumours in immunodeficient mice. PGCCs represent a dormant form of cancer cells that survive harsh tumour conditions and contribute to tumour recurrence. Hypoxic mimics, chemotherapeutics, radiation and cytotoxic traditional Chinese medicines can induce PGCCs formation through endoreduplication and/or cell fusion...
February 2024: Clinical and Translational Medicine
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38334041/the-contribution-of-asymmetric-cell-division-to-phenotypic-heterogeneity-in-cancer
#22
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Julieti Huch Buss, Karine Rech Begnini, Guido Lenz
Cells have evolved intricate mechanisms for dividing their contents in the most symmetric way during mitosis. However, a small proportion of cell divisions results in asymmetric segregation of cellular components, which leads to differences in the characteristics of daughter cells. Although the classical function of asymmetric cell division (ACD) in the regulation of pluripotency is the generation of one differentiated daughter cell and one self-renewing stem cell, recent evidence suggests that ACD plays a role in other physiological processes...
March 1, 2024: Journal of Cell Science
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38324222/ppscarecrow1-ppscr1-regulates-leaf-blade-and-mid-vein-development-in-physcomitrium-patens
#23
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Boominathan Mohanasundaram, Shirsa Palit, Amey J Bhide, Madhusmita Pala, Kanishka Rajoria, Payal Girigosavi, Anjan K Banerjee
In plants, asymmetric cell divisions result in distinct cell fates forming large and small daughter cells, adding to the cellular diversity in an organ. SCARECROW (SCR), a GRAS domain-containing transcription factor controls asymmetric periclinal cell divisions in flowering plants by governing radial patterning of ground tissue in roots and cell proliferation in leaves. Though SCR homologs are present across land plant lineages, the current understanding of their role in cellular patterning and leaf development is mostly limited to flowering plants...
February 7, 2024: Plant Molecular Biology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38317186/pard3-drives-tumorigenesis-through-activating-sonic-hedgehog-signalling-in-tumour-initiating-cells-in-liver-cancer
#24
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Junyu Wu, Hor-Yue Tan, Yau-Tuen Chan, Yuanjun Lu, Zixin Feng, Hongchao Yuan, Cheng Zhang, Yibin Feng, Ning Wang
BACKGROUND: Par-3 Family Cell Polarity Regulator (PARD3) is a cellular protein essential for asymmetric cell division and polarized growth. This study aimed to study the role of PARD3 in hepatic tumorigenesis. METHODS: The essential role of PARD3 in mediating hepatic tumorigenesis was assessed in diet-induced spontaneous liver tumour and syngeneic tumour models. The mechanism of PARD3 was delineated by bulk and single-cell RNA sequencing. The clinical significance of PARD3 was identified by tissue array analysis...
February 6, 2024: Journal of Experimental & Clinical Cancer Research: CR
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38314864/the-people-behind-the-papers-thomas-mullan-and-richard-poole
#25
JOURNAL ARTICLE
(no author information available yet)
Asymmetric cell divisions can produce daughter cells of different sizes, but it is unclear whether unequal cell cleavage is important for cell fate decisions. A new paper in Development explores the role of unequal cleavages in Caenorhabditis elegans embryos. To learn more about the story behind the paper, we caught up with first author Thomas Mullan and corresponding author Richard Poole, Associate Professor of Developmental Biology at University College London, UK.
February 1, 2024: Development
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38307351/arabidopsis-hapless13-ap-1%C3%A2%C2%B5-is-critical-for-pollen-sac-formation-and-tapetal-function
#26
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Gui-Min Yin, Yi-Ru Fang, Jia-Gang Wang, Yue Liu, Xiaojiao Xiang, Sha Li, Yan Zhang
The production of excess and viable pollen grains is critical for reproductive success of flowering plants. Pollen grains are produced within anthers, the male reproductive organ whose development involves precisely controlled cell differentiation, division, and intercellular communication. In Arabidopsis thaliana, specification of an archesporial cell (AC) at four corners of a developing anther, followed by programmed cell divisions, generates four pollen sacs, walled by four cell layers among which the tapetum is in close contact with developing microspores...
January 31, 2024: Plant Science: An International Journal of Experimental Plant Biology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38301639/neuropeptide-substance-p-alters-stem-cell-fate-to-aid-wound-healing-and-promote-epidermal-stratification-through-asymmetric-stem-cell-divisions
#27
JOURNAL ARTICLE
A Khalifa, T Xiao, B Abegaze, T Weisenberger, A Charruyer, Samia Sanad, Taher AbuElnasr, S W Kashem, M Fassett, R Ghadially
Loss of sensory innervation delays wound healing and administration of the neuropeptide substance P improves re-epithelialization. Keratinocyte hyperproliferation post-wounding may result from symmetric stem cell (SC) self-renewal, asymmetric SC self-renewal, committed progenitor divisions, or a combination of these. However, the effects of sensory denervation and of neuropeptides on SC proliferation are not known. Here we show that early after wounding both asymmetric and symmetric SC self-renewal increase, without significant committed progenitor (CP) activation...
February 1, 2024: Stem Cells
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38295795/conserved-cki1-mediated-signaling-is-required-for-female-germline-specification-in-marchantia-polymorpha
#28
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Haonan Bao, Rui Sun, Megumi Iwano, Yoshihiro Yoshitake, Shiori S Aki, Masaaki Umeda, Ryuichi Nishihama, Shohei Yamaoka, Takayuki Kohchi
In land plants, gametes derive from a small number of dedicated haploid cells.1 In angiosperms, one central cell and one egg cell are differentiated in the embryo sac as female gametes for double fertilization, while in non-flowering plants, only one egg cell is generated in the female sexual organ, called the archegonium.2 , 3 The central cell specification of Arabidopsis thaliana is controlled by the histidine kinase CYTOKININ-INDEPENDENT 1 (CKI1), which is a two-component signaling (TCS) activator sharing downstream regulatory components with the cytokinin signaling pathway...
January 23, 2024: Current Biology: CB
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38285676/age-related-changes-in-the-hematopoietic-stem-cell-pool-revealed-via-quantifying-the-balance-of-symmetric-and-asymmetric-divisions
#29
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Teiko Kawahigashi, Shoya Iwanami, Munetomo Takahashi, Joydeep Bhadury, Shingo Iwami, Satoshi Yamazaki
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are somatic stem cells that continuously generate lifelong supply of blood cells through a balance of symmetric and asymmetric divisions. It is well established that the HSC pool increases with age. However, not much is known about the underlying cause for these observed changes. Here, using a novel method combining single-cell ex vivo HSC expansion with mathematical modeling, we quantify HSC division types (stem cell-stem cell (S-S) division, stem cell-progenitor cell (S-P) division, and progenitor cell-progenitor cell (P-P) division) as a function of the aging process...
2024: PloS One
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38280545/a-model-about-regulation-on-three-division-modes-of-stem-cell
#30
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Qingxin Xie, Han Zhang, Maoxiang Wang, Kexun Yan, Fenglan Hu, Meng Xu
We construct a multi-stage cell lineage model for cell division, apoptosis and movement. Cells are assumed to secrete and respond to negative feedback molecules which act as a control on the stem cell divisions (including self-renewal, asymmetrical cell division (ACD) and differentiation). The densities of cells and molecules are described by coupled reaction-diffusion partial differential equations, and the plane wavefront propagation speeds can be obtained analytically and verified numerically. It is found that with ACD the population and propagation of stem cells can be promoted but the negative regulation on self-renewal and differentiation will work slowly...
January 25, 2024: Journal of Theoretical Biology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38261991/uncovering-the-roles-of-dna-hemi-methylation-in-transcriptional-regulation-using-mspji-assisted-hemi-methylation-sequencing
#31
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Xiong Xiong, Hengye Chen, Qifan Zhang, Yangying Liu, Chenhuan Xu
Hemi-methylated cytosine dyads widely occur on mammalian genomic DNA, and can be stably inherited across cell divisions, serving as potential epigenetic marks. Previous identification of hemi-methylation relied on harsh bisulfite treatment, leading to extensive DNA degradation and loss of methylation information. Here we introduce Mhemi-seq, a bisulfite-free strategy, to efficiently resolve methylation status of cytosine dyads into unmethylation, strand-specific hemi-methylation, or full-methylation. Mhemi-seq reproduces methylomes from bisulfite-based sequencing (BS-seq & hpBS-seq), including the asymmetric hemi-methylation enrichment flanking CTCF motifs...
January 23, 2024: Nucleic Acids Research
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38243426/minimizing-cell-number-fluctuations-in-self-renewing-tissues-with-a-stem-cell-niche
#32
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Rutger N U Kok, Sander J Tans, Jeroen S van Zon
Self-renewing tissues require that a constant number of proliferating cells is maintained over time. This maintenance can be ensured at the single-cell level or the population level. Maintenance at the population level leads to fluctuations in the number of proliferating cells over time. Often, it is assumed that those fluctuations can be reduced by increasing the number of asymmetric divisions, i.e., divisions where only one of the daughter cells remains proliferative. Here, we study a model of cell proliferation that incorporates a stem-cell niche of fixed size, and explicitly model the cells inside and outside the niche...
December 2023: Physical Review. E
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38213919/post-embryonic-function-of-globular-embryo-4-gle4-osmpk6-in-rice-development
#33
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Kiyoe Ishimoto, Misuzu Nosaka-Takahashi, Mitsuko Kishi-Kaboshi, Tsuneaki Watanabe, Kiyomi Abe, Sae Shimizu-Sato, Hirokazu Takahashi, Mikio Nakazono, Hirohiko Hirochika, Yutaka Sato
In plants, mitogen activated protein kinases (MPKs) are involved in various signaling pathways that lead to biotic and abiotic responses as well as that regulate developmental processes. Among them, MPK6 and its closely related homologue, MPK3, act redundantly and are known to be involved in asymmetric cell divisions of meristemoid mother cells in stomata development and of zygotes in Arabidopsis . Loss-of-function mutants of GLE4 / OsMPK6 , which is an orthologue of MPK6 in rice, showed a defect in polarity establishment in early stage of embryogenesis...
March 25, 2023: Plant Biotechnology (Tokyo, Japan)
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38213110/dynein-directs-prophase-centrosome-migration-to-control-the-stem-cell-division-axis-in-the-developing-c-elegans-epidermis
#34
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Cátia Carvalho, Daniel J Barbosa, Ricardo Celestino, Esther Zanin, Ana Xavier Carvalho, Reto Gassmann
The microtubule motor dynein is critical for the assembly and positioning of mitotic spindles. In C. elegans, these dynein functions have been extensively studied in the early embryo but remain poorly explored in other developmental contexts. Here we use a hypomorphic dynein mutant to investigate the motor's contribution to asymmetric stem cell-like divisions in the larval epidermis. Live imaging of seam cell divisions that precede formation of the seam syncytium shows that mutant cells properly assemble but frequently mis-orient their spindle...
January 12, 2024: Genetics
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38205939/control-of-successive-unequal-cell-divisions-by-neural-cell-fate-regulators-determines-embryonic-neuroblast-cell-size
#35
JOURNAL ARTICLE
T W Mullan, T Felton, J Tam, O Kasem, J T Yeung, N Memar, R Schnabel, R J Poole
Asymmetric cell divisions often generate daughter cells of unequal size in addition to different fates. In some contexts, daughter cell size asymmetry is thought to be a key input to specific binary cell fate decisions. An alternative possibility is that unequal division is a mechanism by which a variety of cells of different sizes are generated during embryonic development. We show here that two unequal cell divisions precede neuroblast formation in the C lineage of C. elegans. The equalisation of these divisions in a pig-1/MELK mutant background has little effect on neuroblast specification...
January 11, 2024: Development
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38198550/comparing-divisome-organization-between-vegetative-and-sporulating-bacillus-subtilis-at-the-nanoscale-using-dna-paint
#36
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Kimberly Cramer, Susanne C M Reinhardt, Alexander Auer, Jae Yen Shin, Ralf Jungmann
Spore-forming bacteria have two distinct division modes: sporulation and vegetative division. The placement of the foundational division machinery component (Z-ring) within the division plane is contingent on the division mode. However, investigating if and how division is performed differently between sporulating and vegetative cells remains challenging, particularly at the nanoscale. Here, we use DNA-PAINT super-resolution microscopy to compare the 3D assembly and distribution patterns of key division proteins SepF, ZapA, DivIVA, and FtsZ...
January 12, 2024: Science Advances
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38180475/fission-independent-compartmentalization-of-mitochondria-during-budding-yeast-cell-division
#37
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Saori R Yoshii, Yves Barral
Lateral diffusion barriers compartmentalize membranes to generate polarity or asymmetrically partition membrane-associated macromolecules. Budding yeasts assemble such barriers in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and the outer nuclear envelope at the bud neck to retain aging factors in the mother cell and generate naïve and rejuvenated daughter cells. However, little is known about whether other organelles are similarly compartmentalized. Here, we show that the membranes of mitochondria are laterally compartmentalized at the bud neck and near the cell poles...
March 4, 2024: Journal of Cell Biology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38158690/the-effects-of-mek-and-pka-inhibition-on-spire-proteins-during-oocyte-maturation
#38
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Filiz Tepekoy, Gokhan Akkoyunlu
Asymmetric division of oocytes driven by chromosome migration is a crucial step of oocyte maturation. Actin filaments take key roles in chromosome migration in oocytesThe aim of this study was to determine the effects of MEK and PKA inhibition on the levels of Spire-1 and Spire-2 proteins that are known to be related to actin nucleation.MEK inhibitor PD98059 and PKA inhibitor H89 were applied during IVM to the oocytes retrieved from preovulatory ovarian follicles of PMSG induced 3-5 weeks old female BalbC mice...
December 10, 2023: Cellular and Molecular Biology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38157629/caspase-4-has-a-role-in-cell-division-in-epithelial-cells-through-actin-depolymerization
#39
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Kazuhiro Sumida, Tomomitsu Doi, Kunie Obayashi, Yosuke Chiba, Shohei Nagasaka, Noriyoshi Ogino, Koichiro Miyagawa, Ryoko Baba, Hiroyuki Morimoto, Hideki Hara, Takeshi Terabayashi, Toshimasa Ishizaki, Masaru Harada, Motoyoshi Endo
In addition to its role in pyroptosis and inflammatory cytokine maturation, caspase-4 (CASP4) also contributes to the fusion of phagosomes with lysosomes and cell migration. However, its role in cell division remains elusive. In this study, we demonstrate that CASP4 is indispensable for proper cell division in epithelial cells. Knockout of CASP4 (CASP4 KO) in HepG2 cells led to delayed cell proliferation, increased cell size, and increased multinucleation. In mitosis, CASP4 KO cells showed multipolar spindles, asymmetric spindle positioning, and chromosome segregation errors, ultimately increasing DNA content and chromosome number...
December 19, 2023: Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38152966/lsd1-regulates-neurogenesis-in-human-neural-stem-cells-through-the-repression-of-human-enriched-extracellular-matrix-and-cell-adhesion-genes
#40
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Asha S Channakkar, Leora D'Souza, Aparajita Kumar, Kishan Kalia, Srilekha Prabhu, Kruttika Phalnikar, Puli Chandramouli Reddy, Bhavana Muralidharan
Neurogenesis begins with neural stem cells undergoing symmetric proliferative divisions to expand and then switching to asymmetric differentiative divisions to generate neurons in the developing brain. Chromatin regulation plays a critical role in this switch. Histone lysine-specific demethylase LSD1 demethylates H3K4me1/2 and H3K9me1/2 but the mechanisms of its global regulatory functions in human neuronal development remain unclear. We performed genome-wide ChIP-seq of LSD1 occupancy, RNA-seq, and Histone ChIP-seq upon LSD1 inhibition to identify its repressive role in human neural stem cells...
December 28, 2023: Stem Cells
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