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https://read.qxmd.com/read/38488018/temporally-distinct-roles-of-aurora-a-in-polarization-of-the-c-elegans-zygote
#1
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Nadia I Manzi, Bailey N de Jesus, Yu Shi, Daniel J Dickinson
During asymmetric cell division, cell polarity is coordinated with the cell cycle to allow proper inheritance of cell fate determinants and generation of cellular diversity. In the Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) zygote, polarity is governed by evolutionarily conserved Partitioning-defective (PAR) proteins that segregate to opposing cortical domains to specify asymmetric cell fates. Timely establishment of PAR domains requires a cell cycle kinase, Aurora A (AIR-1 in C. elegans). Aurora A depletion by RNAi causes a spectrum of phenotypes including reversed polarity, excess posterior domains, and no posterior domain...
March 15, 2024: Development
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38467648/lipoarabinomannan-mediates-localized-cell-wall-integrity-during-division-in-mycobacteria
#2
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Ian L Sparks, Takehiro Kado, Malavika Prithviraj, Japinder Nijjer, Jing Yan, Yasu S Morita
The growth and division of mycobacteria, which include clinically relevant pathogens, deviate from that of canonical bacterial models. Despite their Gram-positive ancestry, mycobacteria synthesize and elongate a diderm envelope asymmetrically from the poles, with the old pole elongating more robustly than the new pole. The phosphatidylinositol-anchored lipoglycans lipomannan (LM) and lipoarabinomannan (LAM) are cell envelope components critical for host-pathogen interactions, but their physiological functions in mycobacteria remained elusive...
March 11, 2024: Nature Communications
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38466184/manipulation-of-the-nuclear-envelope-associated-protein-slap-during-mammalian-brain-development-affects-cortical-lamination-and-exploratory-behavior
#3
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Ivan Mestres, Azra Atabay, Joan-Carles Escolano, Solveig Arndt, Klara Schmidtke, Maximilian Einsiedel, Melina Patsonis, Lizbeth Airais Bolaños-Castro, Maximina Yun, Nadine Bernhardt, Anna Taubenberger, Federico Calegari
Here, we report the first characterization of the effects resulting from the manipulation of Soluble-Lamin Associated Protein (SLAP) expression during mammalian brain development. We found that SLAP localizes to the nuclear envelope and when overexpressed causes changes in nuclear morphology and lengthening of mitosis. SLAP overexpression in apical progenitors of the developing mouse brain altered asymmetric cell division, neurogenic commitment and neuronal migration ultimately resulting in unbalance in the proportion of upper, relative to deeper, neuronal layers...
March 1, 2024: Biology Open
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38465513/the-drosophila-neuroblast-polarity-cycle-at-a-glance
#4
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Rhiannon R Penkert, Bryce LaFoya, Lucille Moholt-Siebert, Elizabeth Vargas, Sarah E Welch, Kenneth E Prehoda
Drosophila neural stem cells, or neuroblasts, rapidly proliferate during embryonic and larval development to populate the central nervous system. Neuroblasts divide asymmetrically to create cellular diversity, with each division producing one sibling cell that retains the neuroblast fate and another that differentiates into glia or neurons. This asymmetric outcome is mediated by the transient polarization of numerous factors to the cell cortex during mitosis. The powerful genetics and outstanding imaging tractability of the neuroblast make it an excellent model system for studying the mechanisms of cell polarity...
March 1, 2024: Journal of Cell Science
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38459238/planctoellipticum-variicoloris-gen-nov-sp-nov-a-novel-member-of-the-family-planctomycetaceae-isolated-from-wastewater-of-the-aeration-lagoon-of-a-sugar-processing-plant-in-northern-germany
#5
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Carmen E Wurzbacher, Tom Haufschild, Jonathan Hammer, Muriel C F van Teeseling, Nicolai Kallscheuer, Christian Jogler
In the present study, we characterise a strain isolated from the wastewater aeration lagoon of a sugar processing plant in Schleswig (Northern Germany) by Heinz Schlesner. As a pioneer in planctomycetal research, he isolated numerous strains belonging to the phylum Planctomycetota from aquatic habitats around the world. Phylogenetic analyses show that strain SH412T belongs to the family Planctomycetaceae and shares with 91.6% the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with Planctopirus limnophila DSM 3776T ...
March 8, 2024: Scientific Reports
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38457060/initiation-of-cancer-the-journey-from-mutations-in-somatic-cells-to-epigenetic-changes-in-tissue-resident-vsels
#6
REVIEW
Deepa Bhartiya, Sherif Raouf, Kshama Pansare, Anish Tripathi, Ashish Tripathi
Multiple theories exist to explain cancer initiation, although a consensus on this is crucial for developing effective therapies. 'Somatic mutation theory' suggests that mutations in somatic cells during DNA repair initiates cancer but this concept has several attached paradoxes. Research efforts to identify quiescent cancer stem cells (CSCs) that survive therapy and result in metastasis and recurrence have remained futile. In solid cancers, CSCs are suggested to appear during epithelial-mesenchymal transition by the dedifferentiation and reprogramming of epithelial cells...
March 8, 2024: Stem cell reviews and reports
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38456491/mitf-regulates-the-subcellular-location-of-hif1%C3%AE-through-sumoylation-to-promote-the-invasion-and-metastasis-of-daughter-cells-derived-from-polyploid-giant-cancer-cells
#7
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Minying Zheng, Shifeng Tian, Xinyue Zhou, Man Yan, Mingming Zhou, Yongjun Yu, Yue Zhang, Xiaorui Wang, Na Li, Li Ren, Shiwu Zhang
High concentrations of cobalt chloride (CoCl2 ) can induce the formation of polyploid giant cancer cells (PGCCs) in various tumors, which can produce daughter cells with strong proliferative, migratory and invasive abilities via asymmetric division. To study the role of hypoxia‑inducible factor (HIF) 1α in the formation of PGCCs, colon cancer cell lines Hct116 and LoVo were used as experimental subjects. Western blotting, nuclear and cytoplasmic protein extraction and immunocytochemical experiments were used to compare the changes in the expression and subcellular localization of HIF1α, microphthalmia‑associated transcription factor (MITF), protein inhibitor of activated STAT protein 4 (PIAS4) and von Hippel‑Lindau disease tumor suppressor (VHL) after treatment with CoCl2 ...
May 2024: Oncology Reports
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38454557/left-right-myosin-is-myosin1c-and-myosin1d-exhibit-distinct-single-molecule-behaviors-on-the-plasma-membrane-of-drosophila-macrophages
#8
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Sosuke Utsunomiya, Kazutoshi Takebayashi, Asuka Yamaguchi, Takeshi Sasamura, Mikiko Inaki, Masahiro Ueda, Kenji Matsuno
Left-right (LR) asymmetry is crucial for animal development, particularly in Drosophila where LR-asymmetric morphogenesis of organs hinges on cellular-level chirality, termed cell chirality. In this species, two class I myosins, Myosin1D (Myo1D), and Myosin1C (Myo1C), respectively determine dextral (wild type) and sinistral (mirror image) cell chirality. Previous studies demonstrated Myo1D's ability to propel F-actin in leftward circles during in vitro gliding assays, suggesting its mechanochemical role in defining dextral chirality...
March 7, 2024: Genes to Cells: Devoted to Molecular & Cellular Mechanisms
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38451606/stimulation-of-mouse-hematopoietic-stem-cells-by-angiogenin-and-dna-preparations
#9
JOURNAL ARTICLE
E A Potter, E V Dolgova, A S Proskurina, V S Ruzanova, Y R Efremov, S S Kirikovich, S G Oshikhmina, A L Mamaev, O S Taranov, A S Bryukhovetskiy, L U Grivtsova, N A Kolchanov, A A Ostanin, E R Chernykh, S S Bogachev
Immature hematopoietic progenitors are a constant source for renewal of hemocyte populations and the basic component of the tissue and cell repair apparatus. A unique property of these cells of internalizing extracellular double-stranded DNA has been previously shown. The leukostimulatory effect demonstrated in our pioneering studies was considered to be due to the feature of this cell. In the present research, we have analyzed the effects of DNA genome reconstructor preparation (DNAgr), DNAmix, and human recombinant angiogenin on both hematopoietic stem cells and multipotent progenitors...
2024: Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biological Research
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38436556/polarity-establishment-in-the-plant-zygote-at-a-glance
#10
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Hikari Matsumoto, Minako Ueda
The complex structures of multicellular organisms originate from a unicellular zygote. In most angiosperms, including Arabidopsis thaliana, the zygote is distinctly polar and divides asymmetrically to produce an apical cell, which generates the aboveground part of the plant body, and a basal cell, which generates the root tip and extraembryonic suspensor. Thus, zygote polarity is pivotal for establishing the apical-basal axis running from the shoot apex to the root tip of the plant body. The molecular mechanisms and spatiotemporal dynamics behind zygote polarization remain elusive...
March 1, 2024: Journal of Cell Science
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38431281/the-contribution-of-an-x-chromosome-qtl-to-non-mendelian-inheritance-and-unequal-chromosomal-segregation-in-a-freiburgense
#11
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Talal Al-Yazeedi, Sally Adams, Sophie Tandonnet, Anisa Turner, Jun Kim, Junho Lee, Andre Pires-daSilva
Auanema freiburgense is a nematode with males, females, and selfing hermaphrodites. When XO males mate with XX females, they typically produce a low proportion of XO offspring because they eliminate nullo-X spermatids. This process ensures that most sperm carry an X chromosome, increasing the likelihood of X chromosome transmission compared to random segregation. This occurs because of an unequal distribution of essential cellular organelles during sperm formation, likely dependent on the X chromosome. Some sperm components are selectively segregated into the X chromosome's daughter cell, while others are discarded with the nullo-X daughter cell...
March 2, 2024: Genetics
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38427023/minimalist-tetrazine-n-acetyl-muramic-acid-probes-for-rapid-and-efficient-labeling-of-commensal-and-pathogenic-peptidoglycans-in-living-bacterial-culture-and-during-macrophage-invasion
#12
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Ashlyn S Hillman, Stephen N Hyland, Kimberly A Wodzanowski, DeVonte L Moore, Sushanta Ratna, Andrew Jemas, Liam-Michael D Sandles, Timothy Chaya, Arit Ghosh, Joseph M Fox, Catherine L Grimes
N -Acetyl muramic acid (NAM) probes containing alkyne or azide groups are commonly used to investigate aspects of cell wall synthesis because of their small size and ability to incorporate into bacterial peptidoglycan (PG). However, copper-catalyzed alkyne-azide cycloaddition (CuAAC) reactions are not compatible with live cells, and strain-promoted alkyne-azide cycloaddition (SPAAC) reaction rates are modest and, therefore, not as desirable for tracking the temporal alterations of bacterial cell growth, remodeling, and division...
March 1, 2024: Journal of the American Chemical Society
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38425909/synthesis-and-evaluation-of-bis-benzyltetrahydroisoquinoline-alkaloids-as-antiparasitic-agents
#13
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Ana Sozanschi, Hannah Asiki, Maiara Amaral, Erica V de Castro Levatti, Andre G Tempone, Richard J Wheeler, Edward A Anderson
Visceral leishmaniasis and Chagas disease are neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) that severely impact the developing world. With current therapies suffering from poor efficacy and safety profiles as well as emerging resistance, new drug leads are direly needed. In this work, 26 alkaloids (9 natural and 17 synthetic) belonging to the benzyltetrahydroisoquinoline (BI) family were evaluated against both the pro/trypomastigote and amastigote forms of the parasites Leishmania infantum and Trypanosoma cruzi , the causative agents of these diseases...
February 26, 2024: JACS Au
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38411768/asymmetric-division-of-stem-cells-and-its-cancer-relevance
#14
REVIEW
Shanshan Chao, Huiwen Yan, Pengcheng Bu
Asymmetric division is a fundamental process for generating cell diversity and maintaining the stem cell population. During asymmetric division, proteins, organelles, and even RNA are distributed unequally between the two daughter cells, determining their distinct cell fates. The mechanisms orchestrating this process are extremely complex. Dysregulation of asymmetric division can potentially trigger cancer progression. Cancer stem cells, in particular, undergo asymmetric division, leading to intra-tumoral heterogeneity, which contributes to treatment refractoriness...
February 27, 2024: Cell Regeneration
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38393479/imaging-and-analysis-of-drosophila-neural-stem-cell-asymmetric-division
#15
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Anne-Marie Berisha, Gregory Eot-Houllier, Régis Giet
Cell division is a conserved process among eukaryotes. It is designed to segregate chromosomes into future daughter cells and involves a complex rearrangement of the cytoskeleton, including microtubules and actin filaments. An additional level of complexity is present in asymmetric dividing stem cells because cytoskeleton elements are also regulated by polarity cues. The neural stem cell system of the fruit fly represents a simple model to dissect the mechanisms that control cytoskeleton reorganization during asymmetric division...
2024: Methods in Molecular Biology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38393473/manipulation-of-embryonic-cleavage-geometry-using-magnetic-tweezers
#16
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Jing Xie, Daniel L Levy, Nicolas Minc, Jérémy Sallé
The geometry of reductive divisions that mark the development of early embryos instructs cell fates, sizes, and positions, by mechanisms that remain unclear. In that context, new methods to mechanically manipulate these divisions are starting to emerge in different model systems. These are key to develop future innovative approaches and understand developmental mechanisms controlled by cleavage geometry. In particular, how cell cycle pace is regulated in rapidly reducing blastomeres and how fate diversity can arise from blastomere size and position within embryos are fundamental questions that remain at the heart of ongoing research...
2024: Methods in Molecular Biology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38393469/dissecting-the-multiple-functions-of-the-polo-like-kinase-1-in-the-c-elegans-zygote
#17
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Griselda Velez-Aguilera, Batool Ossareh-Nazari, Lionel Pintard
Plk1 (polo-like kinase 1) is an evolutionarily conserved serine/threonine kinase instrumental for mitotic entry and progression. Beyond these canonical functions, Plk1 also regulates cell polarization and cell fate during asymmetric cell divisions in C. elegans and D. melanogaster. Plk1 contains a specialized phosphoserine-threonine binding domain, the polo-box domain (PBD), which localizes and concentrates the kinase at its various sites of action within the cell in space and time. Here we present protocols to express and purify the C...
2024: Methods in Molecular Biology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38391176/delta-dependent-notch-activation-closes-the-early-neuroblast-temporal-program-to-promote-lineage-progression-and-neurogenesis-termination-in-drosophila
#18
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Chhavi Sood, Md Ausrafuggaman Nahid, Kendall R Branham, Matt Pahl, Susan E Doyle, Sarah E Siegrist
Neuroblasts in Drosophila divide asymmetrically, sequentially expressing a series of intrinsic factors to generate a diversity of neuron types. These intrinsic factors known as temporal factors dictate timing of neuroblast transitions in response to steroid hormone signaling and specify early versus late temporal fates in neuroblast neuron progeny. After completing their temporal programs, neuroblasts differentiate or die, finalizing both neuron number and type within each neuroblast lineage. From a screen aimed at identifying genes required to terminate neuroblast divisions, we identified Notch and Notch pathway components...
February 23, 2024: ELife
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38386552/kin17-regulates-proper-cortical-localization-of-miranda-in-drosophila-neuroblasts-by-regulating-flfl-expression
#19
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Marisa Connell, Yonggang Xie, Xiaobing Deng, Rui Chen, Sijun Zhu
During asymmetric division of Drosophila larval neuroblasts, the fate determinant Prospero (Pros) and its adaptor Miranda (Mira) are segregated to the basal cortex through atypical protein kinase C (aPKC) phosphorylation of Mira and displacement from the apical cortex, but Mira localization after aPKC phosphorylation is not well understood. We identify Kin17, a DNA replication and repair protein, as a regulator of Mira localization during asymmetric cell division. Loss of Kin17 leads to aberrant localization of Mira and Pros to the centrosome, cytoplasm, and nucleus...
February 21, 2024: Cell Reports
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38375571/control-of-muscle-satellite-cell-function-by-specific-exercise-induced-cytokines-and-their-applications-in-muscle-maintenance
#20
REVIEW
Qian Guo, Qing Luo, Guanbin Song
Exercise is recognized to play an observable role in improving human health, especially in promoting muscle hypertrophy and intervening in muscle mass loss-related diseases, including sarcopenia. Recent rapid advances have demonstrated that exercise induces the release of abundant cytokines from several tissues (e.g., liver, muscle, and adipose tissue), and multiple cytokines improve the functions or expand the numbers of adult stem cells, providing candidate cytokines for alleviating a wide range of diseases...
February 20, 2024: Journal of Cachexia, Sarcopenia and Muscle
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