Abms

With current and predicted economic pressures within English Children's Services in the UK, there is a growing discourse around the development of methods of analysis using existing data to make more effective interventions and policy decisions. Agent-Based modelling shows promise in aiding in this, with limitations that require novel methods to overcome. This can include challenges in managing model complexity, transparency, and validation; which may deter analysts from implementing such Agent-Based simulations...

BACKGROUND: Cognitive models of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) highlighted the effect of maladaptive cognitive processing in the development and maintenance of PTSD. PTSD is related to attentional bias (AB) toward threatening stimuli and greater attentional bias variability (ABV). Attentional bias modification (ABM) and attention control training (ACT) have demonstrated the effect of improving PTSD, but the results of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) are controversial. OBJECTIVES: The current study aimed to evaluate the extent of evidence supporting the efficacy of ABM in the treatment of PTSD...

Attentional bias modification (ABM) is a novel cognitive-based treatment that may help individuals reduce overeating by decreasing food processing bias and food cravings. However, most empirical studies have evaluated the short-term effects of ABM in populations that have body mass indexes that are within healthy ranges; therefore, the extent to which this training method can influence eating behavior in individuals who are overweight or obese remains unclear. This systematic review explored the efficacy of ABM as a tool to support weight management for individuals who are overweight or obese...

BACKGROUND: The utilization of anterior-based approaches for total hip arthroplasty (THA) is increasing. Literature on the outcomes of revision THA (rTHA) through an anterior approach, however, is sparse. This study reports the survivorship and risk factors for re-revision in patients undergoing aseptic rTHA through an anterior approach. METHODS: This was a single-institution, retrospective cohort analysis of patients who underwent aseptic rTHA through an anterior approach (direct anterior [DA], anterior-based muscle sparing [ABMS]) from January 2017 to December 2021, regardless of the original surgical approach...

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We propose a set of metrics, based upon the four flows theory of the communicative constitution of organizations, to evaluate the emergence of organization in a social network. Using an agent-based model (ABM), we validate that our metrics chart the evolution of partial organizations as the population progresses from complete dissociation to unified allegiance. Our metrics allow the evaluation of organizational strength much more efficiently than previous, context-specific methods. The simulation produces other results consistent with human society, such as stable heterogeneity of structures and organizational figureheads, further validating our results...

BACKGROUND: Weight stigma is widespread, but the existing literature on its harmful consequences remains largely limited to lab-based experiments and large-scale longitudinal designs. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to understand how weight stigma unfolds in everyday life, and whether it predicts increased eating behavior. METHODS: In this event-contingent ecological momentary assessment study, 91 participants reported every time they experienced weight stigma and documented whether they ate, how much they ate, and what they ate...

As I reflect on my 30 years in academic medicine, my professional journey is uniquely intertwined with the growth and development of the field of urogynecology and the ultimate subspecialty recognition by the American Board of Obstetrics and Gynecology (ABOG), the Association of American Medical Colleges (AAMC), and the American Board of Medical Specialties (ABMS). In this article, I will retrace that journey from personal memories and notes, conversations with the leaders in the room, and documents and minutes generously provided by ABOG and the American Urogynecologic Society (AUGS)...

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of acupressure bladder meridian (ABM) on anxiety in rats. Chronic stress was induced rats to establish rat anxiety model. Shuttle experiment and open field experiments of were used to measure behaviors. The levels of cytokines in serum and hippocampus of rats were detected. Brain neurotransmitters (dopamine, 5- hydroxy tryptamine, norepinephrine) were detected by Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits. Immunohistochemistry and western blotting were used to detect MAPK and BDNF signal pathway in hippocampus of rats...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Minority stressors have been linked with alcohol use among transgender and gender diverse (TGD); however, no ecological momentary assessment studies have examined daily links between minority stress and alcohol use specifically among TGD. This study examined gender minority stressors and resilience as predictors of same-day or momentary alcohol-related outcomes. Feasibility and acceptability of procedures were evaluated. METHODS: Twenty-five TGD adults (mean age = 32...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The present study aimed to examine associations between different types of relationship functioning and disordered eating behaviors (DEBs) in the everyday lives of sexual minority women in same-sex relationships-an at-risk population that has not been assessed in this context. METHODS: Participants included 321 young sexual minority women (Mage = 27.56, SD = 3.67) in same-sex relationships who completed surveys assessing their daily relationship functioning and DEB use each day for a 14-day daily diary period...

PURPOSE: A probe for targeted alpha therapy (TAT) using the RGD peptide (Ga-DOTA-K([211 At]APBA)-c(RGDfK) ([211 At]1)) with albumin-binding moiety (ABM) was recently developed. [211 At]1 highly accumulated in tumors and significantly inhibited tumor growth in U-87 MG tumor-bearing mice. However, high [211 At]1 retention in blood may cause critical adverse events, such as hematotoxicity. Therefore, we attempted to accelerate the blood clearance of [211 At]1 by competitively inhibiting the binding of [211 At]1 to albumin to modulate the pharmacokinetics of the former...

The Stimulator of Interferon Genes (STING) pathway is a promising target for cancer immunotherapy. Despite recent advances, therapies targeting the STING pathway are often limited by routes of administration, suboptimal STING activation, or off-target toxicity. Here, we report a dendritic cell (DC)-targeted polymeric prodrug platform (polySTING) that is designed to optimize intracellular delivery of a diamidobenzimidazole (diABZI) small-molecule STING agonist while minimizing off-target toxicity after parenteral administration...

BACKGROUND: Black young adult women (ages 18-35) are at disproportionate risk for obesity and emotional eating. Emotional eating interventions target psychological flexibility, such as reducing experiential avoidance and increasing acceptance of food-related thoughts. Yet Black women face gendered racism, and some endorse roles that reduce psychological flexibility, such as the superwoman schema role. Culturally centered stress and coping has often been overlooked, leading to an incomplete understanding of processes that engender emotional eating and the implications for appropriate and effective interventions for Black young adult women...

OBJECTIVE: Cancer is a major cause of death globally, and places a substantial burden on both patients and their caregivers. Frequent stress among caregivers often affects their mental well-being. This study was aimed at assessing anxiety and depression levels among informal caregivers of patients with cancer treated at selected tertiary hospitals in Nepal. An additional aim was to identify socio-demographic factors associated with these mental health outcomes. METHODS: In this cross-sectional study, 383 informal caregivers were surveyed with the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS)...

What impact did the Roman Climate Optimum (RCO) and the Late Antique Little Ice Age (LALIA) have on the rise and fall of the Roman Empire? Our article presents an agent-based modelling (ABM) approach developed to evaluate the impact of climate change on the profitability of vineyards, olive groves, and grain farms in Southern Gaul, which were the main source of wealth in the roman period. This ABM simulates an agroecosystem model which processes potential agricultural yield values from paleoclimatic data. The model calculates the revenues made by agricultural exploitations from the sale of crops whose annual volumes vary according to climate and market prices...

Numerous studies have shown that immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) immunotherapy has great potential as a cancer treatment, leading to significant clinical improvements in numerous cases. However, it benefits a minority of patients, underscoring the importance of discovering reliable biomarkers that can be used to screen for potential beneficiaries and ultimately reduce the risk of overtreatment. Our comprehensive review focuses on the latest advancements in predictive biomarkers for ICI therapy, particularly emphasizing those that enhance the efficacy of programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1)/programmed cell death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) inhibitors and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA-4) inhibitors immunotherapies...

In vitro models of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection are a valuable tool for examining host-pathogen interactions and screening drugs. With the development of more complex in vitro models, there is a need for tools to help analyze and integrate data from these models. To this end, we introduce an agent-based model (ABM) representation of the interactions between immune cells and bacteria in an in vitro setting. This in silico model was used to simulate both traditional and spheroid cell culture models by changing the movement rules and initial spatial layout of the cells in accordance with the respective in vitro models...

Bladder cancer is an increasingly prevalent global disease that continues to cause morbidity and mortality despite recent advances in treatment. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) and fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR)-targeted therapeutics have had modest success in bladder cancer when used as monotherapy. Emerging data suggests that the combination of these two therapies could lead to improved clinical outcomes, but the optimal strategy for combining these agents remains uncertain. Mathematical models, specifically agent-based models (ABMs), have shown recent successes in uncovering the multiscale dynamics that shape the trajectory of cancer...

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