malignant hypertension

BACKGROUND: Sarcoma is a highly heterogeneous malignancy with a poor prognosis. Although chemotherapy and targeted therapy have improved the prognosis to some extent, the efficacy remains unsatisfactory in some patients. The efficacy and safety of immunotherapy in sarcoma need further evaluation. METHODS: We conducted a two-center study of sarcoma patients receiving PD-1 immunotherapy at Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital and Henan Provincial Cancer Hospital...

Presently, pseudocirrhosis occurs in most patients with liver metastases from malignant tumors and can exhibit clinical manifestations related to portal hypertension, such as edema, ascites, and gastrointestinal bleeding. Imaging features include malignant tumor liver metastasis, the appearance of nodules accompanied with or without hepatic contour, segmental liver volume reduction, and caudate lobe enlargement. Histology shows the typical pathological manifestations of liver cirrhosis, such as diffuse tumor cell infiltration, fibrosis around the infiltrating lesion, hepatic sinus vascular thrombosis, nodular hyperplasia, non-accompanied bridging necrosis, bridging fibrosis, and pseudolobule formation...

BACKGROUND/AIM: The indications for neuroimaging in emergency department (ED) patients presenting with seizures have not been clearly defined. In this study, we aimed to investigate the findings that may influence the emergency management of patients with seizures undergoing brain computed tomography (CT) and the factors that influence these findings. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This is a retrospective, single-center study. Patients presenting to the ED with seizures-both patients with diagnosed epilepsy and patients with first-time seizures-who underwent brain CT were included...

Follicular cholangitis (FC) is a rare non-neoplastic biliary tract disease first reported in 2003. A 74-year-old woman underwent extended left hepatectomy with a diagnosis of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. Histopathological examination of the surgical specimen demonstrated no malignant findings, and lymphocytic infiltration with lymphoid follicles was observed within the bile duct wall. Along with immunohistochemical findings, the patient was diagnosed with FC. More than 3 years after surgery, the patient exhibited elevated hepatobiliary enzymes and total bilirubin...

BACKGROUND: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common primary liver malignancy and the second leading cause of cancer deaths worldwide. It is often diagnosed at an advanced stage and therefore its prognosis remains poor with a low 5-year survival rate. HCC patients have increasingly complex and constantly changing characteristics, thus up-to-date and comprehensive data are fundamental. AIM: To analyze the epidemiology and main clinical characteristics of HCC patients in a referral center hospital in the northwest of Italy between 2010 and 2019...

CONTEXT.—: Autopsies can reveal clinically undiagnosed diseases. However, the frequency of first diagnoses at autopsy and their association with clinically known risk factors are not well understood because of lack of systematic analyses addressing this topic. OBJECTIVE.—: To perform a large retrospective cohort analysis on the frequency of clinically undiagnosed postmortem findings and correlate these with patients' risk factors. DESIGN...

Nonmalignant portal vein thrombosis (PVT) is a common complication of cirrhosis especially at the stage of decompensations. The diagnosis of PVT in cirrhosis is often incidental and it may be detected during routine semestral abdominal ultrasound with Doppler during screening for hepatocellular carcinoma or during hospitalization for decompensated cirrhosis. After detection of PVT on abdominal ultrasound, it is important to evaluate patients with cross-sectional imaging to determine the age of thrombus, whether acute or chronic, the extent and degree of luminal occlusion of the portal vein, and to rule out hepatocellular carcinoma or other underlying malignancy...

Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) can be defined as a clinical syndrome of headache, seizures, visual disturbance, altered mental status, and characteristic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings of vasogenic edema in the posterior subcortical parietal-occipital white matter. There are numerous potential inciting factors, including immunosuppression, renal disease, malignancy, cytotoxic medications, hypertension, preeclampsia, and eclampsia. In this paper, we present the case of a 21-year-old female at 19 weeks gestation presenting with symptoms consistent with preeclampsia with severe features and PRES...

OBJECTIVES: To compare metabolic dysfunction-associated profiles between patients with diabetes who developed different obesity-related site-specific cancers and those who remained free of cancer during follow-up. DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study. SETTING: Public general outpatient clinics in Hong Kong. PARTICIPANTS: Patients with diabetes without a history of malignancy (n=391 921). PRIMARY OUTCOME MEASURES: The outcomes of interest were diagnosis of site-specific cancers (colon and rectum, liver, pancreas, bladder, kidney and stomach) during follow-up...

Diagnosis of maxillary sinus pathologies is challenging. Herewith we describe the clinicopathological features in isolated maxillary sinus lesions in tertiary care hospital in Goa, India. The retrospective study included patients treated between 2017 and 2022, of all age groups and gender, who underwent either a biopsy or surgery, providing a histopathological diagnosis. Of the 117 pathologies, 88 (75.2%) were non-neoplastic. The overall frequency of pathologies were polyp in 40.2%, fungal lesions (18.8%), malignancy (13...

Introduction Advancements in radiological imaging technology have increased the discovery of adrenal incidentalomas. Large adrenal tumors (LATs) are not common, and the likelihood of malignancy increases with tumor size. LATs were defined as tumors larger than four centimeters (cm) with various pathologic diagnoses. Traditionally, open adrenalectomy was considered the gold standard for LATs, but with recent advancements in minimally invasive surgery (MIS), optimum perioperative and long-term outcomes are achievable by the MIS approach...

BACKGROUND: Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a life-threatening disease characterized by abnormal early activation of pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells (PASMCs), yet the underlying mechanisms remain to be elucidated. METHODS: Normal and PAH gene expression profiles were obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database and analyzed using gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) to uncover the underlying mechanisms. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) and machine learning methods were deployed to further filter hub genes...

OBJECTIVE: This study aims to investigate the risk factors associated with the development of venous thromboembolism (VTE) in patients diagnosed with gynecologic malignant tumors. METHODS: A comprehensive meta-analysis was conducted by searching databases such as The Cochrane Library, PubMed, EMbase, Web of Science, CNKI, etc., covering the period from January 2010 to January 2020. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied to identify relevant literature. Two researchers independently conducted literature screening, data extraction, and quality assessment of the included studies...

Pulmonary tumor thrombotic microangiopathy (PTTM) is a rare and critical malignancy-related disease characterized by acute progressive pulmonary hypertension (PH). In most cases of PTTM, the cancer can be diagnosed in advance. Identification of the primary cancer is valuable for PTTM diagnosis. Here, we present the case of a patient with PTTM due to early gastric carcinoma in whom the diagnosis of malignant cancer was not revealed until macroscopic autopsy findings. This case highlights the importance of recognizing causative occult early gastric cancer leading to PTTM in cases of acute progressive PH...

Purpose  The aim of this study was to report technical and clinical success of bedside ultrasound-guided percutaneous cholecystostomy (PC) tube placement in intensive care unit (ICU). Materials and Methods  This is a retrospective study of 51 patients (36 males:15 females, mean age: 67 years) who underwent ultrasound-guided PC from May 2015 to January 2020. The indication for cholecystostomy tube placement, comorbidities, imaging finding, technical success, clinical success, timing of surgery post-cholecystostomy tube placement, indwelling catheter time, complications, and follow-up were recorded...

Background  In the follow-up computed tomography (CT) examinations of patients who had undergone gastrectomy for gastric malignancy in our center, we noticed by chance that there was an isolated increase in the diameter of the main portal vein (MPV) without other radiological findings of portal hypertension. Objectives  In this study, we aimed to evaluate whether the MPV diameter of patients who had gastric surgery for malignancy differed in the preoperative and postoperative periods and its change over time in patients who underwent postoperative follow-up examinations...

A 28-year-old woman with a 5-year history of untreated hypertension was admitted for respiratory distress, hemoptysis, and retinopathy. Computed tomography showed diffuse plaques in both lung fields. Acute kidney injury, hemolytic anemia, and thrombocytopenia were noted. Kidney biopsy showed thrombosis with fibrinoid necrosis and edematous intimal thickening and luminal narrowing of the small renal artery, indicating thrombotic microangiopathy; the majority of glomeruli were collapsed. After 8 weeks of treatment with antihypertensive drugs, serum creatinine decreased to 1...

CONTEXT: Patients with adrenal hormone excess demonstrate increased cardiovascular risk and mortality. OBJECTIVE: We aimed to determine the impact of adrenal disorders on the inflammation marker GlycA, total branched-chain amino acids (BCAA), ketone bodies and the gut microbiome-derived metabolites trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) and betaine. METHODS: We conducted a single-center cross-sectional study of patients with nonfunctioning adenomas (NFA), mild autonomous cortisol secretion (MACS), primary aldosteronism (PA), Cushing syndrome (CS), pheochromocytoma/paragangliomas (PPGL), other benign or malignant adrenal masses, and adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) between January 2015 and July 2022 (n=802)...

While essential hypertension (HTN) is very prevalent, pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is very rare in the general population. However, due to progressive heart failure, prognoses and survival rates are much worse in PAH. Patients with PAH are at a higher risk of developing supraventricular arrhythmias and malignant ventricular arrhythmias. The latter underlie sudden cardiac death regardless of the mechanical cardiac dysfunction. Systemic chronic inflammation and oxidative stress are causal factors that increase the risk of the occurrence of cardiac arrhythmias in hypertension...

Background and Aims: The presence of portal hypertension in cirrhotic patients is a major prognostic factor associated with the development of severe complications and increased mortality. The gold standard for diagnosing portal hypertension is the hepatic venous pressure gradient. More recently, spleen stiffness has emerged as a new and non-invasive diagnostic tool, and has already been included in the last Baveno VII guidelines. The exact prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection, pre-malignant lesions and their relation to portal hypertension have never been described...