keyword
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38533510/redefining-the-battle-against-colorectal-cancer-a-comprehensive-review-of-emerging-immunotherapies-and-their-clinical-efficacy
#21
REVIEW
Salima Shebbo, Najat Binothman, Manar Darwaish, Hanan A Niaz, Rwaa H Abdulal, Jamilah Borjac, Anwar M Hashem, Ahmad Bakur Mahmoud
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer globally and presents a significant challenge owing to its high mortality rate and the limitations of traditional treatment options such as surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy. While these treatments are foundational, they are often poorly effective owing to tumor resistance. Immunotherapy is a groundbreaking alternative that has recently emerged and offers new hope for success by exploiting the body's own immune system. This article aims to provide an extensive review of clinical trials evaluating the efficacy of various immunotherapies, including CRC vaccines, chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapies, and immune checkpoint inhibitors...
2024: Frontiers in Immunology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38533334/protective-potential-of-outer-membrane-vesicles-derived-from-a-virulent-strain-of-francisella-tularensis
#22
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Ivona Pavkova, Jan Bavlovic, Klara Kubelkova, Jiri Stulik, Jana Klimentova
Francisella tularensis secretes tubular outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) that contain a number of immunoreactive proteins as well as virulence factors. We have reported previously that isolated Francisella OMVs enter macrophages, cumulate inside, and induce a strong pro-inflammatory response. In the current article, we present that OMVs treatment of macrophages also enhances phagocytosis of the bacteria and suppresses their intracellular replication. On the other hand, the subsequent infection with Francisella is able to revert to some extent the strong pro-inflammatory effect induced by OMVs in macrophages...
2024: Frontiers in Microbiology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38533126/innate-immune-response-of-rainbow-trout-erythrocytes-to-spinycterins-expressing-a-downsized-viral-fragment-of-viral-haemorrhagic-septicaemia-virus
#23
JOURNAL ARTICLE
S Puente-Marin, D Cazorla, V Chico, J Coll, M Ortega-Villaizan
Recent studies have reported on the importance of RBCs in fish responses to viral infections and DNA vaccines. Surface-displaying recombinant bacterins (spinycterins) are a safe and adaptable prototype for viral vaccination of fish and represent an alternative method of aquaculture prophylaxis, since have been reported to enhance fish immune response. We evaluated the innate immune response of rainbow trout ( Oncorhynchus mykiss ) red blood cells (RBCs), head kidney, and spleen to spinycterins expressing a fragment of the glycoprotein G of viral haemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHSV), one of the most devastating world-wide diseases in farmed salmonids...
April 15, 2023: Aquaculture
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38532383/single-cell-rna-sequencing-reveals-the-immune-features-and-viral-tropism-in-the-central-nervous-system-of-mice-infected-with-japanese-encephalitis-virus
#24
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Ling'en Yang, Junyao Xiong, Yixin Liu, Yinguang Liu, Xugang Wang, Youhui Si, Bibo Zhu, Huanchun Chen, Shengbo Cao, Jing Ye
Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) is a neurotropic pathogen that causes lethal encephalitis. The high susceptibility and massive proliferation of JEV in neurons lead to extensive neuronal damage and inflammation within the central nervous system. Despite extensive research on JEV pathogenesis, the effect of JEV on the cellular composition and viral tropism towards distinct neuronal subtypes in the brain is still not well comprehended. To address these issues, we performed single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) on cells isolated from the JEV-highly infected regions of mouse brain...
March 26, 2024: Journal of Neuroinflammation
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38531787/recent-progress-of-chitosan-nanoparticles-for-the-development-of-superior-delivery-of-vaccines
#25
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Moeka Nakashima, Naoko Suga, Yuka Ikeda, Sayuri Yoshikawa, Satoru Matsuda
Chitosan seems to be an innovative biological material potentially utilized as a nanoparticle carrier for drug delivery, which could be low toxic, biocompatible, and easy to prepare. Chitosan nanoparticles have been employed in gene delivery. As a type of multifunctional adjuvant, chitosan nanoparticles could activate the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT signaling pathway to induce cell protection and/or proliferation via the modulation of autophagy within dendritic cells. In general, adjuvants may improve the innate and/or adaptive immune responses to a vaccine antigen by facilitating the antigen presentation of antigen presenting cells such as dendritic cells...
March 2024: Discovery Medicine
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38531688/from-gwas-to-functional-variants-arl14-cis-regulatory-variants-are-associated-with-severe-malaria
#26
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Mathieu Adjemout, Frederic Gallardo, Magali Torres, Alassane Thiam, Babacar Mbengue, Alioune Dieye, Sandrine Marquet, Pascal Rihet
BACKGROUND: GWAS have identified several non-functional tagSNPs associated with severe malaria. We hypothesized that causal SNPs could play a significant role in severe malaria by altering promoter or enhancer activity. Here, we sought to identify such regulatory SNPs. METHODS: SNPs in linkage disequilibrium with tagSNPs associated with severe malaria were identified and were further annotated using FUMA. Then, SNPs were prioritized using IW-scoring method to identify regulatory ones...
March 26, 2024: Journal of Infectious Diseases
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38530658/anti-ssa-ro52-and-anti-ro60-autoantibodies-association-with-clinical-phenotypes
#27
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Carolina Mazeda, Natacha Oliveira, Catarina Abreu, Vanessa Fraga, Isabel Maduro, André Saraiva, Luís Inês, Carla Ferreira, Ana Margarida Correia, Rafaela Nicolau, Filipa Farinha, Ingrid Villanueva, Diogo Jesus, Pedro Abreu, Agna Neto, Joana Silva Dinis, Anabela Barcelos
OBJECTIVES: Anti-SSA autoantibodies can be differentiated according to their antigenic target proteins as anti-Ro60 (60 kDa) or anti-Ro52 (52 kDa). Anti-SSA(Ro60) antibodies are clearly associated with connective tissue diseases (CTD), but the clinical significance of anti-SSA(Ro52) antibodies remains unclear. The aim of the present study was to analyse the disease phenotype of patients with anti-Ro52 and/or anti-Ro60 antibodies. METHODS: A multicentre, cross-sectional study was carried out of positive anti-Ro52 and/or Ro60 antibodies patients followed at 10 Rheumatology centres from January 2018 until December 2021...
March 26, 2024: Clinical and Experimental Rheumatology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38530012/epitope-s-involving-amino-acids-of-the-fusion-loop-of-japanese-encephalitis-virus-envelope-protein-is-are-important-to-elicit-protective-immunity
#28
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Yi-Chin Fan, Jo-Mei Chen, Yi-Ying Chen, Yuan-Dun Ke, Gwong-Jen J Chang, Shyan-Song Chiou
UNLABELLED: Dengue vaccine candidates have been shown to improve vaccine safety and efficacy by altering the residues or accessibility of the fusion loop on the virus envelope protein domain II (DIIFL ) in an ex vivo animal study. The current study aimed to comprehensively investigate the impact of DIIFL mutations on the antigenicity, immunogenicity, and protective efficacy of Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) virus-like particles (VLPs) in mice. We found the DIIFL G106K/L107D (KD) and W101G/G106K/L107D (GKD) mutations altered the binding activity of JEV VLP to cross-reactive monoclonal antibodies but had no effect on their ability to elicit total IgG antibodies in mice...
March 26, 2024: Journal of Virology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38529427/reactive-arthritis-as-a-consequence-of-infection-by-clostridium-difficile-in-a-pediatric-patient
#29
Natalia M Barron-Cervantes, Jimena Gonzalez-Salido, Jimena Colado-Martinez, Emily Retana-Estrada, Humberto O Bibiano-Escalante
Reactive arthritis (RA) is the development of a sterile inflammatory arthritis usually associated with a previously known infection, most commonly from the gastrointestinal or urogenital tract. The diagnosis is clinical, based on the presence of acute oligoarticular arthritis of larger joints developing within two to four weeks of the infection. However, in some cases where the infection is not clear, the diagnosis is a challenge, like in the case presented here. We must always rule out past infections as a cause of arthritis by directly asking about the presence of symptomatology associated with it, presented in the past few weeks...
February 2024: Curēus
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38529301/combined-detection-of-serum-il-6-and-cea-contributes-to-the-diagnosis-of-lung-adenocarcinoma-in-situ
#30
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Jing Pan, Wanzhen Zhuang, Yu Xia, Zhixin Huang, Yue Zheng, Xin Wang, Yi Huang
BACKGROUND: Effective discrimination of lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) in situ (AIS) from benign pulmonary nodules (BPN) is critical for the early diagnosis of AIS. Our pilot study in a small cohort of 90 serum samples has shown that serum interleukin 6 (IL-6) detection can distinguish AIS from BPN and health controls (HC). In this study, we intend to comprehensively define the diagnostic value of individual and combined detection of serum IL-6 related to the traditional tumor markers carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and cytokeratin 19 fragment (CYFRA21-1) for AIS...
2024: PeerJ
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38528835/coincidence-of-antibodies-against-hwp1-and-asca-two-distinct-molecular-targets-of-candida-albicans-reinforces-the-link-between-this-fungal-species-and-coeliac-disease
#31
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Boualem Sendid, Christopher Cao, Jean-Frederic Colombel, Daniel Poulain
Candida albicans is an immunogen for anti- Saccharomyces cerevisiae antibodies (ASCA), a serological marker of Crohn's disease. ASCA has also been reported in other autoimmune diseases, including coeliac disease (CeD). A strong antibody response against Hwp1, a protein associated with invasive hyphal form of C. albicans which presents peptide sequence homologies with gliadin, has also been described in CeD. This observation supports the hypothesis that C. albicans hyphal transition in C. albicans may trigger CeD onset through a mechanism of molecular/antigenic mimicry...
December 2024: Virulence
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38528828/mrna-vaccine-designs-for-optimal-adjuvanticity-and-delivery
#32
REVIEW
Yuki Mochida, Satoshi Uchida
Adjuvanticity and delivery are crucial facets of mRNA vaccine design. In modern mRNA vaccines, adjuvant functions are integrated into mRNA vaccine nanoparticles, allowing the co-delivery of antigen mRNA and adjuvants in a unified, all-in-one formulation. In this formulation, many mRNA vaccines utilize the immunostimulating properties of mRNA and vaccine carrier components, including lipids and polymers, as adjuvants. However, careful design is necessary, as excessive adjuvanticity and activation of improper innate immune signalling can conversely hinder vaccination efficacy and trigger adverse effects...
January 2024: RNA Biology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38528300/evaluation-of-immunogenicity-and-protective-efficacy-of-bacteriophage-conjugated-haemagglutinin-based-subunit-vaccine-against-equine-influenza-virus-in-a-murine-model
#33
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Ramesh Kumar, Bidhan Chandra Bera, Taruna Anand, Selvaraj Pavulraj, Manu Kurian Mathew, R P Gupta, Bhupendra Nath Tripathi, Nitin Virmani
Equine influenza (EI) is a highly contagious acute respiratory disease of equines caused by the H3N8 subtype of Influenza A virus i.e. equine influenza virus (EIV). Vaccination is an important and effective tool for the control of EI in equines. Most of the commercial influenza vaccines are produced in embryonated hen's eggs which has several inherent disadvantages. Hence, subunit vaccine based on recombinant haemagglutinin (HA) antigen, being the most important envelope glycoprotein has been extensively exploited for generating protective immune responses, against influenza A and B viruses...
March 26, 2024: Veterinary Research Communications
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38527580/local-administration-of-myeloid-derived-suppressor-cells-prevents-progression-of-immune-mediated-dry-eye-disease
#34
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Pier Luigi Surico, Seokjoo Lee, Rohan Bir Singh, Amirreza Naderi, Shilpy Bhullar, Tomas Blanco, Yihe Chen, Reza Dana
Myeloid derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are a heterogenous population of immature hematopoietic precursors with known immunoregulatory functions. The immunosuppressive role of MDSCs has been highlighted in several inflammatory ophthalmic disorders; however, their therapeutic application in suppressing the immune-mediated changes in dry eye disease (DED) have not been studied. We observed significant reduction in antigen presenting cell (APC) frequencies and their maturation in the presence of MDSCs. Moreover, co-culturing MDSCs with T helper 17 cells (Th17) resulted in reduced Th17 frequencies and their IL-17 expression...
March 23, 2024: Experimental Eye Research
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38527308/molecular-subtypes-of-lung-adenocarcinoma-present-distinct-immune-tumor-microenvironments
#35
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Hironori Fukuda, Kosuke Arai, Hideaki Mizuno, Yukari Nishito, Noriko Motoi, Yasuhito Arai, Nobuyoshi Hiraoka, Tatsuhiro Shibata, Yukiko Sonobe, Yoko Kayukawa, Eri Hashimoto, Mina Takahashi, Etsuko Fujii, Toru Maruyama, Kenta Kuwabara, Takashi Nishizawa, Yukihiro Mizoguchi, Yukihiro Yoshida, Shun-Ichi Watanabe, Makiko Yamashita, Shigehisa Kitano, Hiromi Sakamoto, Yuki Nagata, Risa Mitsumori, Kouichi Ozaki, Shumpei Niida, Yae Kanai, Akiyoshi Hirayama, Tomoyoshi Soga, Keisuke Tsukada, Nami Yabuki, Mei Shimada, Takehisa Kitazawa, Osamu Natori, Noriaki Sawada, Atsuhiko Kato, Teruhiko Yoshida, Kazuki Yasuda, Atsushi Ochiai, Hiroyuki Tsunoda, Kazunori Aoki
Overcoming resistance to immune checkpoint inhibitors is an important issue in patients with non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Transcriptome analysis shows that adenocarcinoma can be divided into three molecular subtypes: terminal respiratory unit (TRU), proximal proliferative (PP), and proximal inflammatory (PI), and squamous cell carcinoma (LUSQ) into four. However, the immunological characteristics of these subtypes are not fully understood. In this study, we investigated the immune landscape of NSCLC tissues in molecular subtypes using a multi-omics dataset, including tumor-infiltrating leukocytes (TILs) analyzed using flow cytometry, RNA sequences, whole exome sequences, metabolomic analysis, and clinicopathologic findings...
March 25, 2024: Cancer Science
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38527062/hippo-signaling-controlled-mhc-class-i-antigen-processing-and-presentation-pathway-potentiates-antitumor-immunity
#36
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Linyuan Peng, Liang Zhou, Huan Li, Xin Zhang, Su Li, Kai Wang, Mei Yang, Xiaoyu Ma, Danlan Zhang, Siliang Xiang, Yajun Duan, Tianzhi Wang, Chunmeng Sun, Chen Wang, Desheng Lu, Minxian Qian, Zhongyuan Wang
The major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC class I)-mediated tumor antigen processing and presentation (APP) pathway is essential for the recruitment and activation of cytotoxic CD8+ T lymphocytes (CD8+ CTLs). However, this pathway is frequently dysregulated in many cancers, thus leading to a failure of immunotherapy. Here, we report that activation of the tumor-intrinsic Hippo pathway positively correlates with the expression of MHC class I APP genes and the abundance of CD8+ CTLs in mouse tumors and patients...
March 23, 2024: Cell Reports
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38526805/ox40-ox40-ligand-and-its-role-in-precision-immune-oncology
#37
REVIEW
Bicky Thapa, Shumei Kato, Daisuke Nishizaki, Hirotaka Miyashita, Suzanna Lee, Mary K Nesline, Rebecca A Previs, Jeffery M Conroy, Paul DePietro, Sarabjot Pabla, Razelle Kurzrock
Immune checkpoint inhibitors have changed the treatment landscape for various malignancies; however, their benefit is limited to a subset of patients. The immune machinery includes both mediators of suppression/immune evasion, such as PD-1, PD-L1, CTLA-4, and LAG-3, all of which can be inhibited by specific antibodies, and immune-stimulatory molecules, such as T-cell co-stimulatory receptors that belong to the tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily (TNFRSF), including OX40 receptor (CD134; TNFRSF4), 4-1BB (CD137; TNFRSF9), and glucocorticoid-induced TNFR-related (GITR) protein (CD357; TNFRSF18)...
March 25, 2024: Cancer Metastasis Reviews
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38526726/single-cell-proteomics-by-barcoded-phage-displayed-screening-via-an-integrated-microfluidic-chip
#38
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Yujiao Wang, Jing Zhao, Zhenwei Jiang, Yuan Ma, Rui Zhang
Recent advancements in the profiling of proteomes at the single-cell level necessitate the development of quantitative and versatile platforms, particularly for analyzing rare cells like circulating tumor cells (CTCs). In this chapter, we present an integrated microfluidic chip that utilizes magnetic nanoparticles to capture single tumor cells with exceptional efficiency. This chip enables on-chip incubation and facilitates in situ analysis of cell-surface protein expression. By combining phage-based barcoding with next-generation sequencing technology, we successfully monitored changes in the expression of multiple surface markers induced by CTC adherence...
2024: Methods in Molecular Biology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38526232/post-therapeutic-cure-criterion-in-chronic-chagas-disease-using-trypanosoma-cruzi-chimeric-proteins
#39
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Tycha Bianca Sabaini Pavan, Leonardo Maia Leony, Wayner Vieira de Souza, Emily Ferreira Santos, Ramona Tavares Daltro, Natalia Erdens Maron Freitas, Larissa Carvalho Medrado Vasconcelos, Fernanda Lopes Habib, Angelo Antonio Oliveira Silva, Paola Alejandra Fiorani Celedon, Daniel Dias Sampaio, Nilson Ivo Tonin Zanchin, Silvia Andrea Longhi, Fred Luciano Neves Santos
Chagas disease (CD) is a neglected disease caused by Trypanosoma cruzi Chagas, 1909. Causative treatment can be achieved with two drugs: benznidazole or Nifurtimox. There are some gaps that hinder progress in eradicating the disease. There is no test that can efficiently assess cure control after treatment. Currently, the decline in anti-T. cruzi antibody titres is assessed with conventional serological tests, which can take years. However, the search for new markers of cure must continue to fill this gap. The present study aimed to evaluate the decline in serological titres using chimeric proteins after treatment with benznidazole in chronic patients diagnosed with CD...
March 20, 2024: Folia Parasitologica
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38526143/distinguishing-spheno-orbital-metastatic-prostate-cancer-mimicking-a-meningioma-using-novel-18-f-psma-pet-ct-imaging
#40
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Yilin Feng, Carolina A Chiou, Anna M Stagner, Yuh-Shin Chang, Suzanne K Freitag
A 78-year-old man presented with acute-onset left temporal pain, eyelid swelling, and double vision. Computed tomography (CT) demonstrated a left sphenoid wing mass with extra-osseous intra-orbital and intracranial extension, thought to be a typical sphenoid wing meningioma by the primary team. The patient was admitted for an urgent craniotomy, which was planned for the following day. However, upon consultation with ophthalmic plastic surgery, concern was raised for an alternative diagnosis given the atypical timeline, inflammatory changes, and uncharacteristic imaging findings of mixed lytic and sclerotic bony changes without hyperostosis on CT and extensive peri-lesional dural thickening and enhancement on magnetic resonance imaging...
March 25, 2024: Orbit
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