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JOURNAL ARTICLE
Wan-Da Tang, Wei-Yang Zhu, Hai-Lin Tang, Ping Zhao, Lan-Juan Zhao
West Nile virus (WNV) is an important neurotropic virus that accounts for the emergence of human arboviral encephalitis and meningitis. The interaction of WNV with signaling pathways plays a key role in controlling WNV infection. We have investigated the roles of the AKT and ERK pathways in supporting WNV propagation and modulating the inflammatory response following WNV infection. WNV established a productive infection in neuronal cell lines originated from human and mouse. Expression of IL-11 and TNF-α was markedly up-regulated in the infected human neuronal cells, indicating elicitation of inflammation response upon WNV infection...
March 2024: Journal of Virus Eradication
#2
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Nicola Valsecchi, Chiara Veronese, Matilde Roda, Antonio Pasquale Ciardella, Luigi Fontana
BACKGROUND: To describe a case of bilateral multifocal chorioretinitis as the only presentation of acute West Nile virus (WNV) infection in the absence of neurological involvement. CASE PRESENTATION: A 78-year-old Italian woman was admitted to our emergency department because she noticed blurry vision in both eyes. She did not report fever, fatigue, or neurological symptoms in the last few days. Multimodal imaging showed the presence of bilateral hyperfluorescent lesions with a linear distribution, that corresponded to hypocyanescent spots on indocyanine green angiography...
April 10, 2024: BMC Ophthalmology
#3
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Raskit Lachmann, Cristina Domingo, Christina Frank, Andreas Ochs, Andreas Karl Pauly, Marijke Weber-Schehl, Michael Schmidt, Torsten Tonn, Thomas H Müller, Luisa Barzon, Alessandro Sinigaglia, Sarah Esquevin, Karina Preußel, Ruth Offergeld
Background: Autochthonous human West Nile virus (WNV) infections were notified in the infectious disease surveillance system in Germany in 2018 for the first time and every year since then. Since clinically apparent infections are infrequent, we conducted two studies to investigate subclinical infections of this emerging disease in Germany in 2019 to detect infections not visible to surveillance based on symptomatic infections: limited-scope blood donor testing and a serosurvey among employees at two Berlin zoos with a history of demonstrated WNV infections in animals...
April 3, 2024: Vector Borne and Zoonotic Diseases
#4
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Marco Fonzo, Chiara Bertoncello, Liliana Tudor, Liana Miccolis, Michele Serpentino, Daniele Petta, Irene Amoruso, Tatjana Baldovin, Andrea Trevisan
BACKGROUND: West Nile virus (WNV) is a mosquito-borne flavivirus. In humans, 80% of infections are asymptomatic, while approximately 20% experience influenza-like symptoms. Fewer than 1% develop the neuroinvasive form which can lead to encephalitis, meningitis, acute flaccid paralysis, and even death. The global spread of the virus to areas where it was not previously present has become a growing concern. Since the 2000 s, there have been numerous outbreaks affecting local and travelling populations worldwide...
March 16, 2024: Journal of Infection and Public Health
#5
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Amir A Mbonde, David Gritsch, Ehab Y Harahsheh, Sabirah N Kasule, Shemonti Hasan, Angela M Parsons, Nan Zhang, Richard Butterfield, Harn Shiue, Kathryn A Norville, Jenna L Reynolds, Holenarasipur R Vikram, Brian Chong, Marie F Grill
IMPORTANCE: West Nile virus (WNV) is the leading cause of human arboviral disease in the US, peaking during summer. The incidence of WNV, including its neuroinvasive form (NWNV), is increasing, largely due to the expanding distribution of its vector, the Culex mosquito, and climatic changes causing heavy monsoon rains. However, the distinct characteristics and outcomes of NWNV in individuals who are immunosuppressed (IS) and individuals who are not IS remain underexplored. OBJECTIVE: To describe and compare clinical and radiographic features, treatment responses, and outcomes of NWNV infection in individuals who are IS and those who are not IS...
March 4, 2024: JAMA Network Open
#6
REVIEW
Alessandro Pavesi, Giorgio Tiecco, Luca Rossi, Anita Sforza, Andrea Ciccarone, Federico Compostella, Sofia Lovatti, Lina Rachele Tomasoni, Francesco Castelli, Eugenia Quiros-Roldan
BACKGROUND: West Nile virus (WNV) infection is a seasonal arbovirosis with the potential to cause severe neurological disease. Outcomes of the infection from WNV depend on viral factors (e.g., lineage) and host-intrinsic factors (e.g., age, sex, immunocompromising conditions). Immunity is essential to control the infection but may also prove detrimental to the host. Indeed, the persistence of high levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines is associated with the development of blood-brain barrier (BBB) damage...
February 29, 2024: Viruses
#7
REVIEW
Pedro Henrique Oliveira Borges, Sabrina Baptista Ferreira, Floriano Paes Silva
Viral proteases are an important target for drug development, since they can modulate vital pathways in viral replication, maturation, assembly and cell entry. With the (re)appearance of several new viruses responsible for causing diseases in humans, like the West Nile virus (WNV) and the recent severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), understanding the mechanisms behind blocking viral protease's function is pivotal for the development of new antiviral drugs and therapeutical strategies...
February 27, 2024: Viruses
#8
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Johann Otto Pelz, Christoph Mühlberg, Isabel Friedrich, Lorenz Weidhase, Silke Zimmermann, Melanie Maier, Corinna Pietsch
BACKGROUND: Viral meningitis/encephalitis (ME) is a rare but potentially harmful disease. The prompt identification of the respective virus is important to guide not only treatment but also potential public health countermeasures. However, in about 40% of cases, no virus is identified despite an extensive diagnostic workup. The aim of the present study was to analyze demographic, seasonal, and routine cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) parameters in cases of viral ME and assess their utility for the prediction of the causative virus...
February 22, 2024: Viruses
#9
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Alberto Sánchez-Cano, Cosme López-Calderón, Teresa Cardona Cabrera, Andy J Green, Ursula Höfle
Synanthropic bird species in human, poultry or livestock environments can increase the spread of pathogens and antibiotic-resistant bacteria between wild and domestic animals. We present the first telemetry-based spatial networks for a small songbird. We quantified landscape connectivity exerted by spotless starling movements, and aimed to determine if connectivity patterns were related to carriage of potential pathogens. We captured 28 starlings on a partridge farm in 2020 and tested them for Avian influenza virus, West Nile virus WNV, Avian orthoavulavirus 1, Coronavirus, Salmonella spp...
March 23, 2024: Science of the Total Environment
#10
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Kristina Lopez, Katie Susong, Patrick Irwin, Susan Paskewitz, Lyric Bartholomay
Since the introduction of West Nile virus (WNV) to the United States over 20 years ago, thousands of cases of human disease and death have been reported. Yearly seasonal outbreaks continue to persist, and the city and suburbs of Chicago, Illinois, is considered a "hot spot" for WNV activity. To interrupt WNV transmission, ground ultra-low volume (ULV) adulticide applications are regularly used to reduce Culex pipiens L. and Culex restuans Theobold (Diptera: Culicidae) abundance and infection. The real-world effectiveness of adulticide applications has not been comprehensively assessed, and prior studies, including our own investigation, have yielded inconclusive or conflicting results...
March 25, 2024: Journal of Medical Entomology
#11
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Marielle Cochet, François Piumi, Kamila Gorna, Noémie Berry, Gaëlle Gonzalez, Anne Danckaert, Nathalie Aulner, Odile Blanchet, Stéphan Zientara, Francesc Xavier Donadeu, Hélène Munier-Lehmann, Jennifer Richardson, Alexandra Benchoua, Muriel Coulpier
Outbreaks of West Nile virus (WNV) occur periodically, affecting both human and equine populations. There are no vaccines for humans, and those commercialised for horses do not have sufficient coverage. Specific antiviral treatments do not exist. Many drug discovery studies have been conducted, but since rodent or primate cell lines are normally used, results cannot always be transposed to horses. There is thus a need to develop relevant equine cellular models. Here, we used induced pluripotent stem cells to develop a new in vitro model of WNV-infected equine brain cells suitable for microplate assay, and assessed the cytotoxicity and antiviral activity of forty-one chemical compounds...
March 16, 2024: Veterinary Research
#12
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Mariken M de Wit, Afonso Dimas Martins, Clara Delecroix, Hans Heesterbeek, Quirine A Ten Bosch
Mathematical models within the Ross-Macdonald framework increasingly play a role in our understanding of vector-borne disease dynamics and as tools for assessing scenarios to respond to emerging threats. These threats are typically characterized by a high degree of heterogeneity, introducing a range of possible complexities in models and challenges to maintain the link with empirical evidence. We systematically identified and analysed a total of 77 published papers presenting compartmental West Nile virus (WNV) models that use parameter values derived from empirical studies...
March 13, 2024: Proceedings. Biological Sciences
#13
JOURNAL ARTICLE
S Ateutchia-Ngouanet, F Nanfack-Minkeu, K Mavridis, S Wanji, M Demanou, J Vontas, R Djouaka
Aedes mosquitoes are the main vectors of arboviruses in Benin. Cases of dengue have been reported in Benin with all four serotypes of the virus actively circulating in this region. Some agricultural settings are known to harbor Aedes vectors responsible for the transmission of arboviruses. The massive use of certain insecticides in agricultural settings has probably contributed to insecticide resistance in these vectors. In Benin, the susceptibility of arbovirus vectors to insecticides is poorly studied. In addition, the distribution of Wolbachia spp...
March 8, 2024: Acta Tropica
#14
REVIEW
Roberto Scarpioni, Teresa Valsania, Sara De Amicis, Chiara Rocca, Valentina Blanco, Maria Varì, Michela Frittoli, Vittorio Albertazzi, Marco Ricardi, Luigi Melfa
The West Nile Virus (WNV), an RNA arbovirus, has been transmitted by wild birds and conveyed by ticks and mosquitoes, with wide diffusion all over the world; it is not transmitted from human to human. It can give clinical symptoms only in a minority of infected subjects such as fever, headache, muscle tiredness, visual disturbances, drowsiness, convulsions and muscle paralysis; in the most serious cases even potentially fatal encephalitis. In the literature there are few reports on WNV infection in patients with kidney diseases: here we report our experience on two patients on peritoneal dialysis infected by WNV with a revision of the literature...
February 28, 2024: Giornale Italiano di Nefrologia: Organo Ufficiale Della Società Italiana di Nefrologia
#15
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Kevin A Rucci, Diego L Arias-Builes, Andrés M Visintin, Adrián Diaz
St. Louis encephalitis virus (SLEV) and West Nile virus (WNV) are arboviruses transmitted by Culex mosquitoes and amplified in avian hosts. The present study aimed to investigate the presence and seasonal circulation of SLEV and WNV in La Rioja province, within the semiarid ecoregion of the Monte, Argentina. Over a two-year period, avian sera were collected and tested for neutralizing antibodies against SLEV and WNV. Our results reveal the enzootic activity of both viruses in this challenging environment. SLEV seroprevalence was 4...
February 29, 2024: Scientific Reports
#16
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Alanna G Spiteri, Claire L Wishart, Gabriela V Pinget, Shivam K Purohit, Laurence Macia, Nicholas Jc King, Paula Niewold
Natural killer (NK) cells are cytotoxic lymphocytes important for viral defense. West Nile virus (WNV) infection of the central nervous system (CNS) causes marked recruitment of bone marrow (BM)-derived monocytes, T cells and NK cells, resulting in severe neuroinflammation and brain damage. Despite substantial numbers of NK cells in the CNS, their function and phenotype remain largely unexplored. Here, we demonstrate that NK cells mature from the BM to the brain, upregulate inhibitory receptors and show reduced cytokine production and degranulation, likely due to the increased expression of the inhibitory NK cell molecule, MHC-I...
February 29, 2024: Immunology and Cell Biology
#17
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Yi-Chin Fan, Jo-Mei Chen, Yi-Ying Chen, Wei-Li Hsu, Gwong-Jen Chang, Shyan-Song Chiou
Flavivirus virus-like particles (VLPs) exhibit a striking structural resemblance to viral particles, making them highly adaptable for various applications, including vaccines and diagnostics. Consequently, increasing VLPs production is important and can be achieved by optimizing expression plasmids and cell culture conditions. While attempting to express genotype III (GIII) Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) VLPs containing the G104H mutation in the envelope (E) protein, we failed to generate VLPs in COS-1 cells...
February 28, 2024: Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology
#18
REVIEW
Amienwanlen E Odigie, Angela Stufano, Valentina Schino, Aya Attia Koraney Zarea, Linda A Ndiana, Daniela Mrenoshki, Iniobong C I Ugochukwu, Piero Lovreglio, Grazia Greco, Annamaria Pratelli, Michele Camero, Maria Tempesta
BACKGROUND: West Nile virus (WNV) is an emerging mosquito-borne neurotropic virus, belonging to the Flaviviridae family and the Orthoflavivirus genus. The effective control of WNV requires a targeted preventive strategy that also needs the identification of the higher-risk populations. Hence, this study focused on a systematic literature review of WNV-acquired infection in work-related settings and the assessment of the exposure risks among different occupational categories. METHODS: A comprehensive search was conducted to identify studies until September 2023 in multiple databases such as PubMed/MEDLINE, SCOPUS and Web of Science, according to the PRISMA 2020 statement...
February 9, 2024: Pathogens
#19
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Luciana Alexandra Crivei, Andrei Vata, Danut Teodor, Daniela Porea, Andreea Paula Cozma, Adriana Anita, Luanda Elena Oslobanu, Serban Morosan, Gheorghe Savuta
UNLABELLED: WNV and USUV are closely related epornitic flaviviruses transmitted by Culex mosquitoes which can cause febrile and neurodegenerative disease in humans. The impact of both viruses on public health has increased in the recent decades. AIM: The aim of the study was to evaluate the seroprevalence of WNV and USUV in hospitalized patients from eastern Romania who did not show symptoms corresponding to the case definition. METHODS: Human blood samples from the hospitalized patients were collected in 2015 and from April to September 2019 in Iasi County, Romania...
January 31, 2024: Pathogens
#20
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Helen M Faddy, Carla Osiowy, Brian Custer, Michael Busch, Susan L Stramer, Opeyemi Adesina, Thijs van de Laar, Wai-Chiu Tsoi, Claire Styles, Phil Kiely, Angelo Margaritis, So-Yong Kwon, Yan Qiu, Xuelian Deng, Antoine Lewin, Signe Winther Jørgensen, Christian Erikstrup, David Juhl, Silvia Sauleda, Bernardo Armando Camacho Rodriguez, Lisbeth Jennifer Catherine Soto Coral, Paula Andrea Gaviria García, Sineenart Oota, Sheila F O'Brien, Silvano Wendel, Emma Castro, Laura Navarro Pérez, Heli Harvala, Katy Davison, Claire Reynolds, Lisa Jarvis, Piotr Grabarczyk, Aneta Kopacz, Magdalena Łętowska, Niamh O'Flaherty, Fiona Young, Padraig Williams, Lisa Burke, Sze Sze Chua, An Muylaert, Isabel Page, Ann Jones, Christoph Niederhauser, Marion Vermeulen, Syria Laperche, Pierre Gallian, Salam Sawadogo, Masahiro Satake, Ahmad Gharehbaghian, Marcelo Addas-Carvalho, Sebastián Blanco, Sandra V Gallego, Axel Seltsam, Marijke Weber-Schehl, Arwa Z Al-Riyami, Khuloud Al Maamari, Fatma Ba Alawi, Hem Chandra Pandey, Dora Mbanya, Rochele Azevedo França, Richard Charlewood
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Nucleic acid amplification testing (NAT), in blood services context, is used for the detection of viral and parasite nucleic acids to reduce transfusion-transmitted infections. This project reviewed NAT for screening blood donations globally. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A survey on NAT usage, developed by the International Society of Blood Transfusion Working Party on Transfusion-transmitted Infectious Diseases (ISBT WP-TTID), was distributed through ISBT WP-TTID members...
February 23, 2024: Vox Sanguinis
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