Female reproductive system cancers

The effect of Crocus sativus on several disorders has been discussed or even confirmed, but the efficacy of this herb on the female reproductive system has not been well presented. In this regard, this systematic review comprehensively discussed the efficacy of C. sativus and its main phytochemical compounds on the female reproductive system and its disorders for the first time. In this systematic review, scientific databases, including PubMed, Web of Sciences, Google Scholar, Scopus, and Scientific Information Database, were explored profoundly...

Objective: To investigate the accurate diagnosis and differential diagnosis of non-primary solid malignant tumors in breast needle core biopsy. Methods: Twenty-three cases of breast, axilla or neck lymph nodes pathologically diagnosed as non-primary solid malignant tumors were collected at the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China from January 2013 to March 2023. The differential diagnoses and diagnostic features were analyzed, based on combining clinical data, histology, and expression characteristics of biomarkers...

This review comprehensively explores the complex role of copper homeostasis in female reproductive system diseases. As an essential trace element, copper plays a crucial role in various biological functions. Its dysregulation is increasingly recognized as a pivotal factor in the pathogenesis of gynecological disorders. We investigate how copper impacts these diseases, focusing on aspects like oxidative stress, inflammatory responses, immune function, estrogen levels, and angiogenesis. The review highlights significant changes in copper levels in diseases such as cervical, ovarian, endometrial cancer, and endometriosis, underscoring their potential roles in disease mechanisms and therapeutic exploration...

Ovarian Cancer (OC) ranks as a prominent contributor to mortality among female reproductive system associated cancers, particularly the prevalent subtype epithelial Ovarian Cancer (EOC). Despite advancements in treatment modalities, the prognosis for OC patients remains grim due to limitation of current therapeutic methodology such as high cytotoxicity of chemotherapeutic agents and tumor relapse making existing chemotherapy ineffective. Recognizing the limitations of a broad-spectrum approach to treating OC, a shift toward targeted therapies aligning with unique molecular features is imperative...

OBJECTIVE: The study aimed to review the oncological characteristics and treatment of pregnancy-associated cancers and analyze the obstetric and neonatal outcomes to provide evidence-based recommendations for reproductive function preservation, oncological treatment, and obstetric management. METHODS: We conducted an observational retrospective cohort study among pregnant patients with cancer in 7 Chinese tertiary A hospitals from 2003 to 2021. We conducted multiple logistic regression to determine the influence of various factors on preterm birth and small-for-gestational-age infants, log-binomial regression to analyze temporal changes, and χ² tests to explore the effects of cancer type/treatment...

Ovarian cancer accounts for more deaths than any other malignancy of the female reproductive system. Early diagnosis of this disease is difficult because there are no systematic opportunistic screening methods. At advanced stages, diagnostic laparoscopy is the first step in confirming disease advancement and obtaining samples for genetic and pathologic examination needed to start chemotherapy. Swiftly starting oncological treatment is crucial for increasing the survival rate in these patients. We present the case of a 51-year-old woman with metastatic International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) stage IIIC ovarian cancer who had delayed her therapy after initial laparoscopy due to COVID-19 infection and presented with an extreme case of surgical port metastasis...

Ovarian cancer (OC) is common malignant tumor of female reproductive system. Glutamine metabolism-related genes (GMRGs) play a key role in ovarian cancer. Here, available database-- The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx), and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) databases were applied in our research. OC samples from TCGA were divided into different clusters based on Cox analysis, which filtering GMRGs with survival information. Then, differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between these clusters were intersected with DEGs between normal ovary samples and OC samples, and GMRGs in order to obtain GMRGs-related DEGs...

Endometrial cancer (EC), the second most common malignancy in the female reproductive system, has garnered increasing attention for its genomic heterogeneity, but understanding of its metabolic characteristics is still poor. We explored metabolic dysfunctions in EC through a comprehensive multi-omics analysis (RNA-seq datasets from The Cancer Genome Atlas [TCGA], Cancer Cell Line Encyclopedia [CCLE], and GEO datasets; the Clinical Proteomic Tumor Analysis Consortium [CPTAC] proteomics; CCLE metabolomics) to develop useful molecular targets for precision therapy...

Melatonin, a potent antioxidant and free radical scavenger, has been demonstrated to be effective in gynecological conditions and female reproductive cancers. This review consolidates the accumulating evidence on melatonin's multifaceted protective effects in different pathological contexts. In gynecological conditions such as endometriosis, polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), and uterine leiomyoma, melatonin has shown promising effects in reducing oxidative stress, inflammation, and hormonal imbalances. It inhibits adhesion molecules' production, and potentially mitigates leukocyte adherence and inflammatory responses...

Schistosoma haematobium, the parasite that causes urogenital schistosomiasis, is widely prevalent in Tanzania. In addition to well-known effects on the urinary tract, S. haematobium also causes clinically- evident damage to the reproductive tract in approximately half of infected women, which is known as female genital schistosomiasis (FGS). FGS has major gynecologic and social consequences on women's reproductive health, yet little information is available regarding FGS in Tanzania. To cover that gap, we conducted the present scoping review to examine the epidemiology of FGS in Tanzania (both in the mainland and Zanzibar island) and to make recommendations for future work in this area...

Objective: To analysis the incidence rate and mortality rate of endometrial cancer in China from 2004 to 2017 according to the data from China Cancer Registry Annual Report. Methods: The incidence and mortality data of endometrial cancer were extracted from the China Cancer Registry Annual Report 2004 to 2017, and the incidence, mortality, number of new cases, number of deaths were extracted according to the region (national, urban, rural and eastern, middle and western areas) and the age composition of population to estimate the incidence and mortality of endometrial cancer nationwide...

BACKGROUND: Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune disease that affects multiple systems. Patients with SLE are prone to a variety of malignancies, especially neoplasms of the female reproductive tract. Synchronous tumors, considered to involve multiple sites, are rare in the female reproductive tract. There are hardly any reports of SLE with synchronous reproductive tract tumors. CASE PRESENTATION: We report the occurrence of two to three reproductive tract tumors in two women with SLE...

BACKGROUND: Endometrial cancer is one of the most common tumors in the female reproductive system and is the third most common gynecological malignancy that causes death after ovarian and cervical cancer. Early diagnosis can significantly improve the 5-year survival rate of patients. With the development of artificial intelligence, computer-assisted diagnosis plays an increasingly important role in improving the accuracy and objectivity of diagnosis and reducing the workload of doctors...

Endometrial carcinoma (EC) is a common malignancy which originates from the endometrium and grows in female reproductive system. Surgeries, as current treatment for the cancer, however, cannot meet the fertility needs of young women patients. Thus, progesterone (P4) therapy is indispensable due to its effective temporary preservation of female fertility. Many cancer cells are often accompanied by changes in metabolic phenotypes, and abnormally dependent on the amino acid glutamine. However, whether P4 exerts effect on EC via glutamine metabolism is unknown...

BACKGROUND: Ovarian cancer (OC) is a prevalent malignancy in the female reproductive system, and developing effective targeted therapies for this disease remains challenging. The aim of this study was to use clinically-relevant OC models to evaluate the therapeutic effectiveness of RC48, an antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) targeting HER2, either alone or in combination with the VEGFR inhibitor Cediranib Maleate (CM), for the treatment of advanced OC. METHODS: OC tumor specimens and cell lines were analyzed to determine HER2 and VEGFR expression by Western blot, immunocytochemistry and immunofluorescence...

The most common malignant gynecologic diseases are cervical, uterine, ovarian, vaginal, and vulvar cancer. Among them, ovarian cancer causes more deaths than any other cancer of the female reproductive system. A great number of women suffer from endometriosis, uterine fibroids (UFs), adenomyosis, dysmenorrhea, and polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), which are widespread benign health problems causing troublesome and painful symptoms and significantly impairing the quality of life of affected women, and they are some of the main causes of infertility...

BACKGROUND: Human papillomavirus (HPV) is associated with cervical cancer and cervical dysplasia worldwide. Data on HPV prevalence in a region is important because it serves as a predictor of the likelihood of the population in that particular region acquiring cervical cancer. Moreover, with the availability of effective vaccines, the public health system must be aware of the preponderance of HPV to implement the vaccine. The present study was designed to understand the prevalence of HPV and associated factors among the women of South Andaman Island...

OBJECTIVE: High-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC) has the highest mortality rate among female reproductive system tumors. Accurate preoperative assessment is crucial for treatment planning. This study aims to develop multitask prediction models for HGSOC using radiomics analysis based on preoperative CT images. METHODS: This study enrolled 112 patients diagnosed with HGSOC. Laboratory findings, including serum levels of CA125, HE-4, and NLR, were collected. Radiomic features were extracted from manually delineated ROI on CT images by two radiologists...

BACKGROUND: Ovarian cancer (OV) is characteristic of high incidence rate and fatality rate in the malignant tumors of female reproductive system. Researches on pathogenesis and therapeutic targets for OV need to be continued. This study mainly analyzed the immune-related pathogenesis and discovered the key immunotherapy targets for OV. METHODS: WGCNA was used for excavating hub gene modules and hub genes related to the immunity of OV. Enrichment analysis was aimed to analyze the related pathways of hub gene modules...

Long non-coding RNAs (LncRNAs) are being unveiled as crucial regulators of several biological processes and pathways. Among the lncRNAs is metastasis-associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1 (MALAT1), which is also known as nuclear enriched abundant transcript 2 (NEAT2). MALAT1 is highly conserved in mammals, and controls cellular processes such as proliferation, migration, invasion, angiogenesis, and apoptosis in both physiological and pathological conditions. Roles of MALAT1 in the female reproductive system are gradually getting explored...