syndrome hepatopulmonary

INTRODUCTION: Portal hypertension is increased pressure within the portal vein. A portal pressure gradient of more than 10 mmHg is defined as "clinically significant portal hypertension" due to manifestations such as splenomegaly, gastroesophageal varices, ascites, hepatorenal syndrome, hepatopulmonary syndrome, hepatic encephalopathy, and spontaneous bacterial peritonitis. The aim of this study was to find out the prevalence of portal hypertension among patients with chronic liver disease admitted to the Department of Internal Medicine of a tertiary care centre...

Spider angiomas are dilated vascular channels in the skin. They have a central arteriole with surrounding vascular channels resembling legs of a spider, hence the name. They are frequently associated with liver cirrhosis, thyrotoxicosis, and pregnancy. We present the case of a 49-year-old gentleman who was referred to our liver clinic with complaints of jaundice and ascites of one-month duration. The patient was a chronic alcohol consumer, consuming country-made liquor, 80-100 grams/day for past 8-10 years...

Objective: To summarize the clinical features and prognosis of Budd-Chiari syndrome with hepatopulmonary syndrome (HPS) in children. Methods: The clinical data of a child who had Budd-Chiari syndrome with HPS treated at the Department of Pediatrics of the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University in December 2016 was analyzed retrospectively. Taking "Budd-Chiari syndrome" and "hepatopulmonary syndrome" in Chinese or English as the keywords, literature was searched at CNKI, Wanfang, China Biomedical Literature Database and PubMed up to July 2023...

It is important to make the differential diagnosis of restrictive changes associated with hepatic hydrothorax or hepatopulmonary syndrome seen in the later stages of chronic liver diseases and restrictive changes associated with interstitial lung disease. Lymphocytic interstitial pneumonia (LIP) is in the rare idiopathic interstitial pneumonia subgroup of interstitial lung diseases. LIP is a rare disease, and its incidence is unknown. LIP is characterized by infiltration of the alveolar interstitium with lymphocytes, plasma cells, and histiocytes...

Congenital portosystemic shunts may result in the development of hepatopulmonary syndrome, typically presenting with progressive hypoxemia in later childhood. We describe a case of a 5-month-old male with heterotaxy with polysplenia presenting with new onset hypoxemia. Subsequent evaluation identified an extrahepatic portosystemic shunt arising from the confluence of the main portal and superior mesenteric veins draining into the left renal vein. To treat his hypoxemia and prevent future complications of shunting, the patient underwent a successful single-stage endovascular closure...

BACKGROUND Patent Foramen Ovale (PFO) is an important part of fetal circulation. It allows the oxygenated blood from the umbilical cord to bypass the lungs. PFOs usually close after birth due to the sudden change of the hemodynamics associated with the expansion of the lungs however they are known to persist in about 25% of the total population. One of their rare manifestations is Platypnea-Orthodeoxia Syndrome (POS) that presents as dyspnea upon assuming an upright position, which improves upon recumbency, accompanied by hypoxemia...

PURPOSE: Portal hypertension (PH) and its complications have a significant impact on morbidity and mortality. This study aimed to evaluate the etiology; clinical, laboratory, and endoscopic findings; treatment approaches; long-term outcomes; and prognosis of pediatric PH. METHODS: This retrospective study included 222 pediatric patients diagnosed with PH between 1998 and 2016, and data encompassing clinical, laboratory, and radiological features; treatments; and complications were analyzed...

Portal hypertension is a clinical syndrome defined by an increased portal venous pressure. The most frequent cause of portal hypertension is liver cirrhosis, and many of the complications of cirrhosis, such as ascites and gastroesophageal variceal bleeding, are related to portal hypertension. Portal hypertension is a pathological condition caused by the accumulation of blood flow in the portal system. This blood flow retention reduces the effective circulation volume. To compensate for these changes, neurotransmitter hormone changes and metabolic abnormalities occur, which cause complications in organs other than the liver...

OBJECTIVES: Hepatopulmonary syndrome is a serious respiratory injury caused by chronic liver disease. Excessive pulmonary capillary angiogenesis is the key pathological event. However, the mechanism of microRNA regulatory pulmonary capillary angiogenesis is still unclear. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The hepatopulmonary syndrome rat model was constructed by Common bile duct ligation (CBDL) surgery. The expression tread of miR181-5p and Wif1 was detected by qRT-PCR and western blot in various tissues and disease processes...

Liver transplantation improves the survival and the quality of life of patients with liver failure and primary liver carcinoma. Candidates for liver transplantation are thoroughly evaluated to rule out infectious and malignant conditions that might deteriorate following the immune suppression so that their cardiovascular and pulmonary function can sustain them through the surgical procedure. Poor nutritional status, sarcopenia and frailty portend a poor prognosis before and after the transplantation. Steatohepatitis (NASH) emerges as the most common indication for liver transplantation due to liver cirrhosis and liver tumors...

Introduction: Trastuzumab emtansine(T-DM1) and trastuzumab deruxtecan (T-DXd, formerly DS-8201a), the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-targeted antibody-drug conjugate (ADC), are commonly used in metastatic breast cancer. However, their real-world safety profile has not been adequately compared. Objective: We aimed to investigate the adverse event (AE) profile of T-DM1 and T-DXd reported by the US Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS). Methods: All indications were searched for T-DM1 and T-DXd, as primary suspected drugs, from FAERS data (January 2004 to June 2023)...

BACKGROUND & AIMS: Concomitant respiratory disease is a common finding in patients with hepatopulmonary syndrome (HPS). Among patients who underwent liver transplantation (LT) for HPS, we compared characteristics and outcome of patients with versus without concomitant respiratory disease. METHODS: This single center retrospective observational study included patients with HPS who underwent LT between 1999 and 2020. RESULTS: During the study period, 32 patients with HPS received a LT; nine (28%) with concomitant respiratory disease of whom one required a combined lung-liver transplantation...

INTRODUCTION: Portal vein thrombosis (PVT) is a rare disease in children and may be complicated by portal hypertension (PH), hepatopulmonary syndrome (HPS) and portopulmonary hypertension (PPHTN) but their incidence and risk factors are unknown. METHODS: An observational, retrospective cohort study of all consecutive children (≤18 years) with PVT treated at the Emma Children's Hospital Amsterdam University Medical Centers between January 1996 and January 2022 was conducted to identify the incidence and risk factors of these post thrombotic complications (PTC) in pediatric patients...

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Hepatopulmonary syndrome (HPS) is a common complication of liver disease defined by abnormal oxygenation and intrapulmonary vascular dilatation, treated with liver transplantation. Little is known about changes in HPS physiological parameters over time. We sought to describe baseline clinical and physiological characteristics in HPS and their relationships, temporal changes in physiological parameters before and after transplant, and predictors of changes in oxygenation...

Respiratory symptoms and hypoxemia can complicate chronic liver disease and portal hypertension. Various pulmonary disorders affecting the pleura, lung parenchyma, and pulmonary vasculature are seen in end-stage liver disease, complicating liver transplantation (LT). Approximately 8% of cirrhotic patients in an intensive care unit develop severe pulmonary problems. These disorders affect waiting list mortality and posttransplant outcomes. A thorough history, physical examination, and appropriate laboratory tests help diagnose and assess the severity to risk stratify pulmonary diseases before LT...

Hepatopulmonary syndrome (HPS) is a condition characterized by chronic liver disease, intrapulmonary arteriovenous shunting, and increased alveolar-arterial oxygen gradient. This case report presents a 54-year-old male patient with a history of stroke, liver cirrhosis, portal vein thrombosis, hypertension, diabetes, and bladder cancer, who presented with worsening headaches and confusion over the course of five years. Digital subtraction angiogram (DSA) revealed multiple bilateral arteriovenous shunts, suggesting a shunting mechanism similar to that observed in HPS...

A woman in her 50s with a medical history of cirrhosis, alcohol use disorder, primary biliary cholangitis and extended spectrum beta lactamase (ESBL) Klebsiella presented with weakness, cough and abdominal pain with positive blood cultures for ESBL Klebsiella , and was treated with intravenous meropenem and patient symptoms improved. Testing for Strongyloides antibodies was positive, so she was treated with ivermectin. Strongyloidiasis-associated Gram-negative rod (GNR) bacteremia are rare conditions; however, it is important to consider an underlying strongyloidiasis in recurrent GNR bacteremia to prevent recurrent hospitalisation and morbidity...

Background : Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is an accommodation of the cardiopulmonary bypass technique that can support gas exchange and hemodynamic stability. It is used as a salvage maneuver in patients with life-threatening respiratory or cardiac failure that does not respond to conventional treatment. There are few case reports of successful perioperative use of ECMO, especially preoperatively, in liver transplantation (LT). Here, we report an experience of successful anesthetic management in deceased donor liver transplantation (DDLT) by applying perioperative veno-venous (VV) ECMO support in the setting of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) aggravated by hepatopulmonary syndrome (HPS)...

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: This review summarizes the current and emerging indications, contraindications, and evaluation for TIPS. In the last three decades of use, there have been substantial changes and progress in this field, including the use of controlled-expansion, covered stents, which has broadened the clinical uses of TIPS. RECENT FINDINGS: Recent findings have rapidly expanded the indications for TIPS, including emerging uses in hepatorenal syndrome, hepatopulmonary syndrome and before abdominal surgery...

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: The results of basic research implicate the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) family as a potential target of hepatopulmonary syndrome (HPS). However, the negative results of anti-angiogenetic therapy in clinical studies have highlighted the need for markers for HPS. Therefore, we aimed to determine whether VEGF family members and their receptors can be potential biomarkers for HPS through clinical and experimental studies. METHODS: Clinically, patients with chronic liver disease from two medical centers were enrolled and examined for HPS...