CAD and inflamation

BACKGROUND: Exosomes, microvesicles, carry and release several vital molecules across cells, tissues, and organs. Epicardial adipose tissue exosomes are critical in the development and progression of coronary artery disease (CAD). It is hypothesized that exosomes may transport causative molecules from inflamed tissue and deliver to the target tissue and progress CAD. Thus, identifying and inhibiting the CAD-associated proteins that are being transported to other cells via exosomes will help slow the progression of CAD...

BACKGROUND: During laparoscopic surgery, the operating surgeon grasps sections of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT), including delicate structures, with long (270 mm) 5 mm diameter graspers. These grasping instruments increase the risk of iatrogenic damage due to crushing of the grasped tissue. This risk is increased significantly by diseases such as bacterial peritonitis and inflammatory bowel disease and reduced but not abolished by using parallel-closing laparoscopic instruments...

Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a severe comorbidity in chronic kidney disease (CKD) due to heavy calcification in the medial layer and inflamed plaques. Chronic inflammation, endothelial dysfunction and vascular calcification are major contributors that lead to artherosclerosis in CKD. The lack of specific symptoms and signs of CAD and decreased accuracy of noninvasive diagnostic tools result in delayed diagnosis leading to increased mortality. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are post-transcriptional regulators present in various biofluids throughout the body...

BACKGROUND: Glagov et al . showed that no reduction in vessel lumen occurred until the atherosclerotic plaque burden exceeded 40% of the vessel area. Most major adverse cardiac events occurring in the first 4 years after a myocardial infarction arise from untreated angiographically mild, non-flow-limiting lesions at the time of the index event. We report how computed tomography (CT) coronary angiography (CCTA) can be used to non-invasively risk stratify a patient with non-obstructive coronary artery disease (CAD) and guide further management...

BACKGROUND: Post-COVID-19 thrombotic events are a crucial trouble of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, affecting hundreds of thousands of people internationally. Further proof is needed at the chance of putting up COVID-19 thrombotic activities after infection with specific editions of COVID-19. In the gift state of affairs, when the maximum of human beings gets vaccinated, COVID-19 sickness is less likely. However, the remnants of preceding COVID-19 infections are nonetheless a sizeable fitness burden...

Cardiac Sarcoidosis (CS) is a deadly consequence of systemic sarcoidosis that inflames all three layers of the heart, especially the myocardium-clinical signs of CS range from asymptomatic disease to abrupt cardiac death. CS generally remains undiagnosed secondary to a lack of definitive diagnostic criteria, a high percentage of false negative results on endomyocardial biopsy, and ill-defining clinical manifestations of the disease. Consequently, there is a lack of evidence-based recommendations for CS, and the present diagnostic and therapeutic management depend on expert opinion...

AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: Pulpectomy is one of the most commonly rendered treatment modalities in primary teeth wherein the pulp is irreversibly inflamed. To evaluate the sufficiency of calculated obturating material and quality of obturation in primary teeth using an obturagun device. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Average root canal volume of 65 and 75 was calculated from cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans of children in the age-group of 5-9 years. Based on the average root canal volume and density of obturating material (Vitapex), quantity of obturating material required to obturate a single primary mandibular second molar was calculated...

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic, systemic immune disease that causes joint affection and even disability. Activated macrophages play an important role in the pathogenesis and progression of RA by producing pro-inflammatory factors. The use of dexamethasone (DXM) is effective in relieving the intractable pain and inflammatory progression of RA. However, long-term use of DXM is strongly associated with increased rates of diabetes, osteoporosis, bone fractures, and mortality, which hinders its clinical use...

Nickel-titanium (NiTi) alloys have shown promise for a variety of biomedical applications because of their unique properties of shape memory, superelasticity, and low modulus of elasticity (Young's modulus). Nevertheless, NiTi bulk components cannot be easily machined (e.g., CNC, rolling, grinding, casting, or press molding) due to their thermomechanical sensitivity as well as inherent superelasticity and shape memory. Thus, powder bed fusion (PBF) additive manufacturing has been used to successfully fabricate NiTi medical devices that match the geometric and mechanical needs of a particular patient's condition...

There is a heterogeneous group of rare illnesses that fall into the vasculitis category and are characterized mostly by blood vessel inflammation. Ischemia and disrupted blood flow will cause harm to the organs whose blood arteries become inflamed. Kawasaki disease (KD) is the most prevalent kind of vasculitis in children aged 5 years or younger. Because KD's cardiovascular problems might persist into adulthood, it is no longer thought of as a self-limiting disease. KD is a systemic vasculitis with unknown initiating factors...

Nanotechnology has been developed to deliver cargos effectively to the vascular system. Nanomedicine is a novel and effective approach for targeted vascular disease treatment including atherosclerosis, coronary artery disease, strokes, peripheral arterial disease, and cancer. It has been well known for some time that vascular disease patients have a higher cancer risk than the general population. During atherogenesis, the endothelial cells are activated to increase the expression of adhesion molecules such as Intercellular Adhesion Molecule 1 (ICAM-1), Vascular cell adhesion protein 1 (VCAM-1), E-selectin, and P-selectin...

OBJECTIVE: Remodeling of the coronary arteries is a common feature in severe cases of Kawasaki Disease (KD). This pathology is driven by the dysregulated proliferation of vascular fibroblasts which can lead to coronary artery aneurysms, stenosis and myocardial ischemia. We therefore investigated whether inhibiting fibroblast proliferation might be an effective therapeutic strategy to prevent coronary artery remodeling in KD. METHOD: We used a murine model of KD (induced by the injection of the Candida albicans water soluble complex; CAWS) and analysis of patient samples to evaluate potential anti-fibrotic therapies for KD...

Objective: Vasculitis is characterised by inflammation of the blood vessels. While all layers of the vessel can be affected, inflammation within the intimal layer can trigger thrombosis and arterial occlusion and is therefore of particular clinical concern. Given this pathological role, we have examined how intimal inflammation develops by exploring which (and how) macrophages come to populate this normally immune-privileged site during vasculitis. Methods: We have addressed this question for Kawasaki disease (KD), which is a type of vasculitis in children that typically involves the coronary arteries...

PURPOSE: The visceral fat of patients affected by abdominal obesity is inflamed, and the main histopathologic feature is the high density of crown-like structures (CLS). Epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) is a visceral fat of paramount importance for its relationships with coronary vessels and myocardium. Its inflammation in patients with abdominal obesity could be of clinical relevance, but histopathological studies on CLS density in EAT are lacking. This study aimed to assess the histopathology of EAT biopsies obtained from patients undergoing open-heart surgery...

Atherosclerosis is the foundation of potentially fatal cardiovascular diseases and it is characterized by plaque formation in large arteries. Current treatments aimed at reducing atherosclerotic risk factors still allow room for a large residual risk; therefore, novel therapeutic candidates targeting inflammation are needed. The endothelium is the starting point of vascular inflammation underlying atherosclerosis and we could previously demonstrate that the chemokine axis CXCL12-CXCR4 plays an important role in disease development...

Nanomedicine has been widely employed as a site-specific and target-oriented drug delivery tactic in treating heart failure (HF). Ischemia-induced inflammation plays a robust role in the development of HF and neutrophil is one of the main immune cell types that rapidly infiltrate into the inflamed tissues after myocardial infarction (MI). In the present study, we examined the efficacy of a formation of biomimetic nanoparticles that were prepared by fabricated TAPI-1 loaded liposomes coated with neutrophil membranes in the treatment of HF...

Atherosclerosis remains the main cause of death and disability, as well as a leading cause of coronary arterial disease. Inflammation is one of the pathogenic factors of arteriosclerosis; however, the current treatments based on lowering the level of inflammation in the plaque tissue of patients with atherosclerosis are not clinically used. Herein, we hypothesize that αv β3 receptor affinity and low pH sensitivity may be regarded as a valid therapeutic strategy for targeting sites of atherosclerosis according to the microenvironments of inflammation...

SARS-CoV-2 causes respiratory illness with a spectrum of systemic complications. However, the mechanism for cardiac infection and cardiomyocyte injury in COVID-19 patients remains unclear. The current literature supports the notion that SARS-CoV-2 particles access the heart either by the circulating blood cells or by extracellular vesicles, originating from the inflamed lungs, and encapsulating the virus along with its receptor (ACE2). Both cardiomyocytes and pericytes (coronary arteries) express the necessary accessory proteins for access of SARS-CoV-2 particles (i...

BACKGROUND: Periodontitis is a chronic multifactorial inflammatory disease of the supportive tissues of the teeth. Pathophysiological evidence suggests a possible common inflammatory background between periodontitis and cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Pathological and epidemiological associations between these two diseases have been presented, but are still debated. This study aimed to investigate the association between the inflammatory burden of periodontitis and the presence and extent of coronary calcification...

Background Inflammation in epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) may contribute to coronary atherosclerosis. Myocardial bridge is a congenital anomaly in which the left anterior descending coronary artery takes a "tunneled" course under a bridge of myocardium: while atherosclerosis develops in the proximal left anterior descending coronary artery, the bridged portion is spared, highlighting the possibility that geographic separation from inflamed EAT is protective. We tested the hypothesis that inflammation in EAT was related to atherosclerosis by comparing EAT from proximal and bridge depots in individuals with myocardial bridge and varying degrees of atherosclerotic plaque...