major depresive disorder

INTRODUCTION: Mental health disorders (MHDs) are responsible for much impairment of quality of life in Brazil and worldwide. Early diagnosis and effective treatment strategies are required due to the heterogeneous symptoms and multifactorial etiology. METHODS: A descriptive retrospective observational study was performed aiming to characterize the clinical and psychiatric profiles of patients with MHD attending a Brazilian public tertiary psychiatric outpatient clinic, which is a reference health service for more than 2 million inhabitants...

INTRODUCTION: Since the introduction of the Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) intervention in 2008, a breakthrough has been made in treating major depressive disorder (MDD). However, many sessions of treatment and its cost make it inconvenient for those who seek treatment, especially in large cities as well as in developing countries. METHODS: A total of 22 patients (out of initial 24 referrals) who met diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, 4th edition (DSM IV) criteria for MDD were enrolled in the study...

Background: Government actions and participating in protracted-duration protests against it affect protesters' mental health, leading to high distress levels, such as posttraumatic and depressive symptoms. Aside from exposure to violence and other issues, protest participation can pose unique challenges to the protesters as they may be exposed to potentially morally injurious events (PMIEs), such as the betrayal of leaders they once trusted. This study's primary objective was to examine the extent of psychological difficulties among civilians participating in long-duration protests in Israel...

Background: There is extensive literature on front-line officers and investigators exposure to trauma and its negative impact on them. However, there are analytical practitioners in law enforcement who indirectly work with the traumatic experiences of other people daily, but are seldom the focus of academic research. Objective: Our goal was to conduct the first international study with these practitioners to identify the risk of depression symptoms and establish whether potentially modifiable risk factors (belief in a just world, mental imagery and thought suppression) and work-related characteristics (medium of exposure) are associated with depression...

Introduction: Disaffiliating from an ultra-Orthodox society is complex and challenging. The process includes dealing with culture shock, traumatic experiences, education gaps, and disconnection from familiar surroundings. Thus, ex-ultra-Orthodox individuals (ex-ULTOIs) may face loneliness, lack of belongingness, and loss of meaning, which may relate to high psychological distress such as depression and suicide ideation. In the present study, we sought to shed light on the distress of ex-ULTOIs in Israel and to understand the disaffiliation-related characteristics that may relate to their distress levels...

Background: Stressful events during a pandemic are a major cause of serious health problems, such as burnout, depression and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) among health care workers (HCWs). During three years, HCWs, on the frontline to fight the COVID-19 pandemic, have been at an increased risk of high levels of stress, anxiety, depression, burnout and PTSD. Regarding potential psychological interventions, Eye Movement Desensitization & Reprocessing (EMDR) is a structured, strongly recommended therapy based on its well-known efficacy in reducing PTSD symptoms and anxiety...

Background: Childbirth is a major life event with expected positive outcomes, yet for some women postnatal psychopathological symptoms may harm women's interpersonal relationships. We hypothesized that higher levels of postnatal depression, post-traumatic stress (PTSD) symptoms, and fear of childbirth would be associated with mother-baby bond disorders and relationship dissatisfaction in couples. Method: A cross-sectional self-report online questionnaire was used to survey partnered women who had delivered in the year prior to the study...

INTRODUCTION: Depression is the most frequent psychiatric disorder in patients with epilepsy, with an estimated prevalence between 35% and 60%, associated with poorer control of epileptic seizures. Despite the high prevalence of depression, many patients are not diagnosed, presenting a worse clinical course and quality of life. There are no prevalence studies in our population. The main objective was to determinate the prevalence of depression in epilepsy and its relationship with seizure control...

Treatment-Resistant Depression (TRD) prevalence varies considerable between regions and epidemiology of TRD in Argentina is lacking. Based on the Treatment-Resistant Depression in America Latina (TRAL) study, epidemiology and burden of TRD in MDD patients from Argentina is reported in this paper. A sample of adult MDD patients (n=396) from 5 sites in Argentina, with clinical diagnosis were included. Patients with psychosis, schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, schizoaffective disorder, dementia, with severe chemical dependence or currently participating in another clinical trial were excluded...

Brain damage related to alcohol consumption is associated with impairments in cognitive functions, among which memory and verbal learning stand out. The main objective is to evaluate memory and verbal learning in a sample of 111 patients with alcohol use disorder (AUD) versus 78 with major depressive disorder (MDD) and 100 healthy controls. The evaluation included sociodemographic and clinical variables, the Hamilton Depression Scale (HDRS) and the California Verbal Learning Test (CVLT). One-way ANOVA was used for comparisons between the 3 groups and two-way ANCOVAS including different covariates...

OBJECTIVES: Sleep disorders are common in Parkinson's disease (PD). To diagnose sleep disturbances analyzing the sleep macrostructure and other variables in PD. METHOD: The cross-sectional, retrospective study in PD patients. Sociodemographic, clinical/pharmacological variables, Epworth sleepiness scale (ESS), Beck depression index (BDI) and polysomnography of patients with Parkinson's disease. Frequency, mean, standard deviation analysis were obtained. The variables were compared using t test student, univariate ANOVA and chi-square...

Background : Animal-assisted interventions (AAI) are increasingly applied for people with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms albeit its effectiveness is unclear. Objectives : To examine the effectiveness of AAI for treating PTSD symptoms. Method : We searched 11 major electronic databases for studies reporting quantitative data on effects of AAI for children and adults with PTSD symptoms. Of 22'211 records identified, we included 41 studies with 1111 participants in the systematic review comprising eight controlled studies with 469 participants in the meta-analysis...

Most measures developed in high income countries to screen for major depressive disorder (MDD) among people living with HIV (PWH) demonstrate suboptimal psychometric properties when utilized in non-western, resource limited settings due to their high false positive rates. For standardized MDD screening to be implementable in local settings, a measure is needed that reduces diagnostic burden by being highly sensitive while limiting false positives. This study sought to evaluate the ability of the locally developed South African Depression Scale (SADS) to screen for MDD in PWH in Cape Town...

INTRODUCTION: Every 40seconds, one person in the world commits suicide. As such, suicide is considered a public health problem, and prior suicide attempt is one of the risk factors associated with completed suicide. Despite the strategies implemented and the studies carried out, in Colombia suicide figures are on the rise, more markedly in the economically active population. OBJECTIVE: To identify the sociodemographic, family, personal, economic and religious factors associated with suicide attempt in patients of productive age (18-62 years old) in a mental health institution in Bogota, Colombia...

BACKGROUND: Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a global health issue that affects 350 million people of all ages. Although between 2% and 5.6% of affected individuals are adolescents, research on young patients is limited. The inflammatory response contributes to the onset of depression, and in adult MDD patients, symptom severity has been linked to chemokine levels. AIM: To determine the differences in circulatory levels of chemokines in healthy volunteers (HVs) and adolescents with MDD, and assess the changes induced by fluoxetine consume...

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy and safety of sertraline compared with placebo in a good clinical practice trial conducted with major depressive disorder patients naive to selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors. METHODS: This was a 10-week randomized, multicenter, placebo-controlled, double blind, superiority trial. Adult patients diagnosed with major depressive disorder (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition criteria), total score of 19 to 36 in the 17-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD-17), were randomly allocated to sertraline (n = 39) or placebo (n = 38)...

INTRODUCCIÓN: Aunque el abuso sexual en la infancia (ASI) es un factor de riesgo para desarrollar depresión mayor en la vida adulta de las mujeres, la información sobre las características clínicas asociadas con este evento es escasa. OBJETIVO: Evaluar la historia de ASI y su asociación con algunas manifestaciones clínicas en mujeres con depresión mayor. MÉTODO: Se seleccionaron 71 mujeres adultas con depresión mayor en un centro comunitario de salud mental...

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