Alcohol and enzyme

Many enzymes display non-Arrhenius behavior with curved Arrhenius plots in the absence of denaturation. There has been significant debate about the origin of this behavior and recently the role of the activation heat capacity (Δ C P ⧧ ) has been widely discussed. If enzyme-catalyzed reactions occur with appreciable negative values of Δ C P ⧧ (arising from narrowing of the conformational space along the reaction coordinate), then curved Arrhenius plots are a consequence. To investigate these phenomena in detail, we have collected high precision temperature-rate data over a wide temperature interval for a model glycosidase enzyme MalL, and a series of mutants that change the temperature-dependence of the enzyme-catalyzed rate...

Silyl ethers fulfil a fundamental role in synthetic organic chemistry as protecting groups and their selective cleavage is an important factor in their application. We present here for the first time two enzymes, SilE-R and SilE-S, which are able to hydrolyze silyl ethers. They belong to the stress-response A/B barrel domain (DABB) family and are able to cleave the Si-O bond with opposite enantiopreference. Silyl ethers containing aromatic, cyclic or aliphatic alcohols and, depending on the alcohol moiety, silyl functions as large as TBDMS are accepted...

Chiral alcohols are not only important building blocks of various bioactive natural compounds and pharmaceuticals, but can serve as synthetic precursors for other valuable organic chemicals, thus the synthesis of these products is of great importance. Bio-catalysis represents one effective way to obtain these molecules, however, the weak stability and high cost of enzymes often hinder its broad application. In this work, we designed a biological nanoreactor by embedding alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) and glucose dehydrogenase (GDH) in metal-organic-framework ZIF-8...

BACKGROUND: Globally, viral hepatitis is a leading cause of death and is highly prevalent in Ethiopia. Military personnel are more vulnerable to hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections, and there are no data on such populations in the study area. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the seroprevalence of HBV and HCV infections and their associated factors among military personnel in military camps in Central Gondar, Ethiopia. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This institutional-based cross-sectional study was conducted with 277 military personnel from April to August 2022 at military camps in Central Gondar, Ethiopia...

While simultaneously proceeding reactions are among the most fascinating features of biosynthesis, this concept of tandem processes also offers high potential in the chemical industry in terms of less waste production and improved process efficiency and sustainability. Although examples of one-pot chemoenzymatic syntheses exist, the combination of completely different reaction types is rare. In this work, we demonstrate that extreme "antipodes" of the "worlds of catalysis" such as syngas-based high-pressure hydroformylation and biocatalyzed reduction can be combined within a tandem‑type one-pot process in water, which both play an outstanding role as individual reactions...

BACKGROUND: We previously reported that binge ethanol induces atrophy of the spleen, a key immune organ, in adolescent male F344 rats. Because there are significant sex effects in immune function, we investigated whether binge ethanol exerts sex-dependent effects on the spleen, including producing splenic atrophy. METHODS: We gave F344 rats ethanol (4.8 g/kg/day; 52% w/v; i.g.) on postnatal days [PND] 36 ~ 38 and sacrificed them on PND 39 for spleen collection...

Microbial factories lacking the ability of dynamically regulating the pathway enzymes overexpression, according to in situ metabolite concentrations, are suboptimal, especially when the metabolic intermediates are competed by growth and chemical production. The production of higher alcohols (HAs), which hijacks the amino acids (AAs) from protein biosynthesis, minimizes the intracellular concentration of AAs and thus inhibits the host growth. To balance the resource allocation and maintain stable AA flux, this work utilizes AA-responsive transcriptional attenuator ivbL and HA-responsive transcriptional activator BmoR to establish a concentration recognition-based auto-dynamic regulation system (CRUISE)...

Halide methyltransferases (HMTs) provide an effective way to regenerate S-adenosyl methionine (SAM) from S-adenosyl homocysteine and reactive electrophiles such as methyl iodide (MeI) or methyl toluene sulfonate (MeOTs). Compared with MeI, the cost-effective unnatural substrate MeOTs can be accessible directly from cheap and abundant alcohols, but shows only limited reactivity in SAM production. Herein, we developed a dynamic cross-correlation network analysis (DCCNA) strategy for quickly identifying hot spots influencing the enzyme's catalytic efficiency, and applied it to the evolution of HMT from Paraburkholderia xenovorans...

This study aims to investigate the regulatory effects of Shenling Baizhu Powder(SBP) on cellular autophagy in alcoholic liver disease(ALD) and its intervention effect through the TLR4/NLRP3 pathway. A rat model of chronic ALD was established by gavage of spirits. An ALD cell model was established by stimulating BRL3A cells with alcohol. High-performance liquid chromatography(HPLC) was utilized for the compositional analysis of SBP. Liver tissue from ALD rats underwent hematoxylin-eosin(HE) and oil red O staining for pathological evaluation...

This study investigated the protective effect of tanshinone Ⅱ_A(TSⅡ_A) on the liver in the rat model of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD) and the mechanism of TSⅡ_A in regulating ferroptosis via the nuclear factor E2-related factor 2(Nrf2) signaling pathway. The rat model of NAFLD was established with a high-fat diet for 12 weeks. The successfully modeled rats were assigned into model group, low-and high-dose TSⅡ_A groups, and inhibitor group, and normal control group was set...

The worst-case scenario related to alcoholic liver disease (ALD) arises after a long period of exposure to the harmful effect of alcohol consumption along with other hepatotoxics. ALD encompasses a broad spectrum of liver-associated disorders, such as steatosis, steatohepatitis, fibrosis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Based on the chronic administration of different hepatotoxics, including ethanol, sucrose, lipopolysaccharide, and low doses of diethylnitrosamine over a short period, here we aimed to develop a multiple hepatotoxic (MHT)-ALD model in the mouse that recapitulates the human ALD-associated disorders...

Alcohol, a widely consumed drug, exerts significant toxic effects on the human organism. This review focuses on its impact during fetal development, when it leads to a spectrum of disorders collectively termed Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders (FASD). Children afflicted by FASD exhibit distinct clinical manifestations, including facial dysmorphism, delayed growth, and neurological and behavioral disorders. These behavioral issues encompass diminished intellectual capacity, memory impairment, and heightened impulsiveness...

Melatonin (MT) is a vital hormone factor in plant growth and development, yet its potential to influence the graft union healing process has not been reported. In this study, we examined the effects of MT on the healing of oriental melon scion grafted onto squash rootstock. The studies indicate that the exogenous MT treatment promotes the lignin content of oriental melon and squash stems by increasing the enzyme activities of hydroxycinnamoyl CoA ligase (HCT), hydroxy cinnamaldehyde dehydrogenase (HCALDH), caffeic acid/5-hydroxy-conifer aldehyde O-methyltransferase (COMT), caffeoyl-CoA O-methyltransferase (CCoAOMT), phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), 4-hydroxycinnamate CoA ligase (4CL), and cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase (CAD)...

Excessive liver fat causes non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in laying hens, reducing egg production. Addressing NAFLD via bile-acid metabolism is gaining attention. We induced NAFLD in 7-week-old ISA female chickens with a high-cholesterol, low-choline diet (CLC) for 6 weeks. LC/MS was used to analyze serum and cecal bile acids, while cecal digesta DNA underwent 16S rRNA sequencing. The distribution of bile acid varied in healthy (CON) and CLC-fed chickens. CLC increased secondary bile acids (TLCA, TUDCA, THDCA, TDCA) in serum and primary bile acids (CDCA, TCDCA, isoDCA) in serum, as well as glycochenodeoxycholic acid (GCDCA) in cecal contents...

Fatty acyl-CoA reductase (FAR) is an important NADPH-dependent enzyme that can produce primary alcohol from fatty acyl-CoA or fatty acyl-carrier proteins as substrates. It plays a pivotal role in plant growth, development, and stress resistance. Herein, we performed genome-wide identification and expression analysis of FAR members in rice using bioinformatics methods. A total of eight OsFAR genes were identified, and the OsFARs were comprehensively analyzed in terms of phylogenetic relationships, duplication events, protein motifs, etc...

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is considered one of the most important causes of chronic liver disorders in the world. Dietary pattern is a modifiable risk factor that represents the main target for the prevention and treatment of NAFLD. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to assess the impact of low-fat diet on anthropometric measurements, biochemical, and inflammatory parameters in individuals with obesity/overweight and NAFLD. A total of 108 individuals (n = 59 males and n = 49 females) aged between 19 and 65 years participated in the 12-week weight loss program...

Acetaldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2) is the second enzyme involved in the breakdown of acetaldehyde into acetic acid during the process of alcohol metabolism. Roughly 40% of East Asians carry one or two ALDH2*2 alleles, and the presence of ALDH2 genetic mutations in individuals may affect the bone remodeling cycle owing to accumulation of acetaldehyde in the body. In this study, we investigated the effects of ALDH2 mutations on bone remodeling. In this study, we examined the effects of ALDH2 polymorphisms on in vitro osteogensis using human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs)...

Probiotic adjuvant has promising effects in treating alcohol induced hepatitis, depression, and anxiety. This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of adjuvant probiotic use in improving the liver functions, anxiety, and depression among patients with alcohol dependence syndrome (ADS) in a tertiary care hospital in Andhra Pradesh, India. In this prospective observational design, ADS patients with or without probiotics were followed-up at one and three months after initiation of treatment. They were assessed for liver function test (LFT), anxiety by HAM-A and depression by HAM-D scale...

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Considering the increasing prevalence of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and treatment gaps, this study aimed to evaluate the effect of probiotic supplementation on liver function markers, nutritional status, and clinical parameters. METHODS: This double-blind, randomized clinical trial (ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT0346782) included adult outpatients with biopsy-proven NASH. The intervention consisted of 24 weeks of supplementation with the probiotic mix Lactobacillus acidophilus (1 × 109  CFU) +  Lactobacillus rhamnosus (1 × 109  CFU) +  Lactobacillus paracasei (1 × 109  CFU) +  Bifidobacterium lactis (1 × 109  CFU), or placebo, twice a day...

Since ancient times, the consumption of fermented low-alcoholic beverages has enjoyed widespread popularity in various countries, because of their distinct flavors and health benefits. Several studies have demonstrated that light to moderate alcohol consumption is associated with beneficial effects on human health, mainly in cardiovascular disease prevention. Fermented beverages have different non-ethanol components that confer beneficial health effects. These bioactive compounds are mainly peptides that have often been overlooked or poorly explored in numerous fermented beverages...