18-FDG endocarditis

Infective endocarditis (IE) is characterised by fever, heart murmurs, and emboli. Splenic emboli are frequent in left-sided IE. A systematic review of the literature published on splenic embolism (SE) between 2000 and 2023 was conducted. Search strategies in electronic databases identified 2751 studies published between 1 January 2000 and 4 October 2023, of which 29 were finally included. The results showed that the imaging tests predominantly used to detect embolisms were computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging, positron emission tomography (PET)/CT, single-photon emission computed tomography/CT, ultrasound, and contrast-enhanced ultrasound...

BACKGROUND: The aetiology of secondary complete atrioventricular blocks includes ischaemia, cardiac sarcoidosis, electrolyte imbalance, drug use, rheumatic fever, and infections such as Lyme disease and endocarditis. Diagnosis is important since some of these causes are reversible. Although several studies have reported on aortic valve calcification causing complete atrioventricular blocks, no study has described improvement of complete atrioventricular blocks by removal of the calcification...

This document on cardiovascular infection, including infective endocarditis, is the first in the American Society of Nuclear Cardiology Imaging Indications (ASNC I2 ) series to assess the role of radionuclide imaging in the multimodality context for the evaluation of complex systemic diseases with multi-societal involvement including pertinent disciplines. A rigorous modified Delphi approach was used to determine consensus clinical indications, diagnostic criteria, and an algorithmic approach to diagnosis of cardiovascular infection including infective endocarditis...

This document on cardiovascular infection, including infective endocarditis, is the first in the American Society of Nuclear Cardiology Imaging Indications (ASNC I2 ) series to assess the role of radionuclide imaging in the multimodality context for the evaluation of complex systemic diseases with multi-societal involvement including pertinent disciplines. A rigorous modified Delphi approach was used to determine consensus clinical indications, diagnostic criteria, and an algorithmic approach to diagnosis of cardiovascular infection including infective endocarditis...

This document on cardiovascular infection, including infective endocarditis, is the first in the American Society of Nuclear Cardiology Imaging Indications (ASNC I2 ) series to assess the role of radionuclide imaging in the multimodality context for the evaluation of complex systemic diseases with multi-societal involvement including pertinent disciplines. A rigorous modified Delphi approach was used to determine consensus clinical indications, diagnostic criteria, and an algorithmic approach to diagnosis of cardiovascular infection including infective endocarditis...

BACKGROUND: Infective endocarditis is a challenging diagnosis that usually requires cardiovascular image confirmation as part of the approach. 18 F-Fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (18 F-FDG-PET/CT) is an imaging technique more sensible for the diagnosis of prosthetic valve endocarditis (PVE) when echocardiography is inconclusive. CASE SUMMARY: We present the case of a 35-year-old man who had a previous Bentall-De Bono procedure 4 years prior that included biological, national institute of cardiology (INC)-type, locally manufactured aortic valve replacement and woven Dacron tube graft implantation in the ascending aorta...

BACKGROUND: Cardiac 18 F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG)-PET-CT plays an important role in the assessment of cardiovascular diseases. Effective management of urgent scan findings facilitates optimal patient care. METHODS: We characterised the management of urgent, expected and unexpected findings in patients referred for cardiac [18 F]fluorodeoxyglucose integrated with computed tomography (FDG-PET-CT) at the Royal Brompton Hospital (United Kingdom). Urgent findings are escalated by the reporting physicians/radiologists raising RadAlert notifications to the referring clinician...

Positron emission tomography (PET) with 18 F-fluorodeoxyglucose (18 F-FDG) has recently emerged as an increasingly used alternative and supplementary imaging modality for the diagnosis of infective endocarditis. 18 F-FDG PET/CT imaging for IE is given a Class I recommendation (level of evidence B) and is therefore recommended in cases of possible prosthetic valve IE to both detect valvular lesions, as well as confirm the diagnosis of IE. They have also given a class I recommendation (level of evidence B) for brain and whole-body 18 F-FDG PET/CT and/or MRI imaging to detect peripheral lesions for patients with either native or prosthetic valve IE...

We describe the case of a 43-year-old female with hereditary hemochromatosis, previously without cardiac issues, who presented with a severe fever (>40 to 41 °C) to our hospital. Initial assessments, including transthoracic echocardiography, showed no typical signs of infective endocarditis. A contrast-enhanced CT scan revealed a hypodense area in the right subscapular muscle, alongside pleural thicknesses. Due to the critical condition, a central venous catheter (CVC) was implanted for immediate intravenous treatment...

INTRODUCTION: 18 F-FDG-PET/CT is recommended to improve the diagnosis of prosthetic valve infective endocarditis (PVIE) and is a major criterion in the ESC-2015 classification. However, there is little evidence for its usefulness in the follow-up of medically treated PVIE patients. METHODS: A monocentric retrospective analysis of patients hospitalized for PVIE between January 2013 and December 2019 who were not treated with surgery and who had at least two 18 F-FDG-PET/CT examinations during their medical management...

BACKGROUND: Abnormal activity of 18 F-FDG PET/CT is a major Duke criterion in the diagnostic work-up of infective prosthetic valve endocarditis (IE). We hypothesized that quantitative lesion assessment by 18 F-FDG PET/CT-derived standard maximum uptake ratio (SURmax), metabolic volume (MV), and total lesion glycolysis (TLG) might be useful in distinct subgroups of IE patients (e.g. IE-related abscess formation). METHODS: All patients (n = 27) hospitalized in our tertiary IE referral medical center from January 2014 to October 2018 with preoperatively performed 18 F-FDG PET/CT and surgically confirmed IE were included into this retrospective analysis...

Positron emission tomography (18 FDG PET-CT) is a widely used method to help in the diagnosis of infective endocarditis (IE). Lipomatous hypertrophy of the interatrial septum (LHIS) is an uncommon fat deposition in the region of the interatrial septum. PET-CT images of LHIS may be indistinguishable from changes associated with IE.

In the diagnosis of infective endocarditis (IE), Modified Duke's criteria, coupled with clinical suspicion, serve as the guiding framework. For cases involving prosthetic valve endocarditis and infections affecting implantable devices, the use of metabolic imaging with 18 F-FDG PET/CT scans has gained prominence, as per the recommendations of the European Society of Cardiology guidelines. This imaging modality enhances sensitivity and specificity by identifying infective foci within the heart and extracardiac locations...

A 79-year-old woman with a background history of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, hypercholesterolemia, alcoholic liver disease, and osteoporosis presented to the hospital with fever and confusion. Based on the initial investigations, it was challenging to identify the primary source of infection. Positive group G streptococcus on blood cultures raised the suspicion of uncommon infective endocarditis (IE). Two transthoracic echocardiographic studies were performed a week apart, and both were inconclusive...

Infections account for relevant morbidity and mortality, especially if the cardiovascular system is affected. Clinical manifestations are often unspecific, resulting in a challenging diagnostic work-up. The use of molecular imaging methods, namely [18 F]FDG PET and leukocyte scintigraphy, is increasingly recognized in recently published international guidelines. However, these 2 established methods focus on the host's immune response to the pathogen and are therefore virtually unable to differentiate infection from inflammation...

Infective endocarditis (IE) is a serious and diagnostically challenging condition. [18 F]FDG PET/CT is valuable for evaluating suspected IE, but it is susceptible to motion-related artefacts. This study investigated the potential benefits of cardiac motion correction for [18 F]FDG PET/CT. In this prospective study, patients underwent [18 F]FDG PET/CT for suspected IE, combined with a conventional cardiac gating sequence, a data-driven cardiac and respiratory gating sequence (CardioFreezeTM ), or both. Scans were performed in adherence to EANM guidelines and assessors were blinded to patients' clinical contexts...

Nonbacterial thrombotic endocarditis (NBTE) is a form of endocarditis that occurs in patients with predisposing conditions, including malignancies, autoimmune diseases (particularly antiphospholipid antibody syndrome, which accounts for the majority of lupus-associated cases), and coagulation disturbances for which the correlation with classical determinants is unclear. The condition is commonly referred to as "marantic", "verrucous", or Libman-Sacks endocarditis, although these are not synonymous, representing clinical-pathological nuances...

BACKGROUND: Patients with bacteremia caused by gram positive bacteria are at risk for infective endocarditis (IE). Since IE needs long antibiotic treatment and sometimes heart valve surgery, it is very important to identify patients with IE. OBJECTIVES: In this narrative review we present and discuss how to determine which investigations to detect IE that are needed in individual patients with gram positive bacteremia. SOURCES: Published original studies and previous reviews in English, within the relevant field are used...

18 F-Flourodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (18 F-FDG-PET/CT) has been shown to be of utility in transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) patients with suspected prosthetic valve endocarditis. In the present study, we sought to analyze the relationship between 18 F-FDG-PET/CT performed before discharge in TAVR patients and adverse prognostic features of aortic stenosis. We analyzed the association between 18 F-FDG-PET/CT uptake pattern and degree of left ventricular mass index, aortic root dilatation, and aortic leaflet calcification extent...

INTRODUCTION: 18 F-FDG-PET/CT is recommended to improve the diagnosis of prosthetic valve infective endocarditis (PVIE) and is a major criterion in the ESC-2015 classification. However, there is little evidence for its usefulness in the follow-up of medically treated PVIE patients. METHODS: A monocentric retrospective analysis of patients hospitalized for PVIE between January 2013 and December 2019 who were not treated with surgery and who had at least two 18 F-FDG-PET/CT examinations during their medical management...