keyword
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38529912/central-nervous-system-infections-in-the-tropics
#1
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Angel Miraclin T, Bhagteshwar Singh, Priscilla Rupali
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Emerging and re-emerging central nervous system (CNS) infections are a major public health concern in the tropics. The reasons for this are myriad; climate change, rainfall, deforestation, increased vector density combined with poverty, poor sanitation and hygiene. This review focuses on pathogens, which have emerged and re-emerged, with the potential for significant morbidity and mortality. RECENT FINDINGS: In recent years, multiple acute encephalitis outbreaks have been caused Nipah, which carries a high case fatality...
March 27, 2024: Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38526455/magnetic-resonance-imaging-features-of-encephalitis-of-scrub-typhus
#2
JOURNAL ARTICLE
He Li, Zhizong Lai, Wei Tang
No abstract text is available yet for this article.
March 25, 2024: JAMA Neurology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38502427/canonical-notch-activation-in-patients-with-scrub-typhus-association-with-organ-dysfunction-and-poor-outcome
#3
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Jan K Damås, Kari Otterdal, Elisabeth Astrup, Tove Lekva, Jeshina Janardhanan, Annika Michelsen, Pål Aukrust, George M Varghese, Thor Ueland
PURPOSE: The mechanisms that control inflammation in scrub typhus are not fully elucidated. The Notch pathways are important regulators of inflammation and infection, but have not been investigated in scrub typhus. METHODS: Plasma levels of the canonical Notch ligand Delta-like protein 1 (DLL1) were measured by enzyme immunoassay and RNA expression of the Notch receptors (NOTCH1, NOTCH2 and NOTCH4) in whole blood was analyzed by real-time PCR in patients with scrub typhus (n = 129), in patients with similar febrile illness without O...
March 19, 2024: Infection
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38495255/a-rare-case-of-longitudinally-extensive-transverse-myelitis-in-scrub-typhus
#4
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Ajay Mishra, Saboor Mateen, Varun Malhotra, Jalees Fatima, Vasim Masakputra
No abstract text is available yet for this article.
2024: Annals of Indian Academy of Neurology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38494626/molecular-detection-of-orientia-tsutsugamushi-in-ectoparasites-their-small-mammal-hosts-captured-from-scrub-typhus-endemic-areas-in-madurai-district-india
#5
JOURNAL ARTICLE
R Govindarajan, S Gowri Sankar, M Senthil Kumar, V Rajamannar, R Krishnamoorthi, A Alwin Prem Anand, Ashwani Kumar, P Philip Samuel
BACKGROUND OBJECTIVES: Scrub typhus, caused by Orientia tsutsugamushi present in small mammals harbouring the ectoparasites. A study was undertaken to detect the pathogen present in small mammals and its ectoparasites in the scrub typhus-reported areas. METHODS: The small mammals (rodents/shrews) and its ectoparasites were screened for O. tsutsugamushi using nested PCR amplification of the groEL gene. Small mammals were collected by trapping and screened for ectoparasites (mites, ticks and fleas) by combing method...
March 15, 2024: Indian Journal of Medical Research
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38478694/a-type-i-interferon-regulatory-network-for-human-plasmacytoid-dendritic-cells-based-on-heparin-membrane-bound-and-soluble-bdca-2
#6
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Francisco Venegas-Solis, Laura Staliunaite, Elisa Rudolph, Carina Chan-Song Münch, Philipp Yu, Sven-A Freibert, Takahiro Maeda, Christine L Zimmer, Christian Möbs, Christian Keller, Andreas Kaufmann, Stefan Bauer
Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) produce type I interferons (IFNs) after sensing viral/bacterial RNA or DNA by toll-like receptor (TLR) 7 or TLR9, respectively. However, aberrant pDCs activation can cause adverse effects on the host and contributes to the pathogenesis of type I IFN-related autoimmune diseases. Here, we show that heparin interacts with the human pDCs-specific blood dendritic cell antigen 2 (BDCA-2) but not with related lectins such as DCIR or dectin-2. Importantly, BDCA-2-heparin interaction depends on heparin sulfation and receptor glycosylation and results in inhibition of TLR9-driven type I IFN production in primary human pDCs and the pDC-like cell line CAL-1...
March 19, 2024: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38477775/case-report-of-scrub-typhus-complicated-by-hypokalemia-and-multiple-organ-dysfunction-syndrome
#7
Li Chen, Yi Deng, Peiying Huang, Sisi Lei, Shuling Liu, Weitao Lin, Zhishang Li, Jing Zeng, Miaochun Huang, Qiuping Huang, Qihua Wu, Haobo Zhang, Bojun Chen
CONTEXT: Scrub typhus, caused by Orientia tsutsugamushi, has a wide range of clinical manifestations, including meningoencephalitis, acute renal failure, pneumonitis, myocarditis, and septic shock. However, there are no documented cases of scrub typhus with hypokalemia. In this report, we present a case of scrub typhus with hypokalemia and multiple organ failure syndrome, highlighting the importance of electrolyte imbalance in patients with scrub typhus. CASE REPORT: A 59-year-old woman presented to the emergency department with abdominal pain that had been present for 1 day...
2024: São Paulo Medical Journal
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38476416/scrub-typhus-with-opsoclonus-myoclonus-ataxia-seizure-as-primary-presentations
#8
Sumirini Puppala, Abhijit Acharya, Surjyaprakash S Choudhury
Scrub typhus is a simple acute febrile illness with rash or an eschar, with up to one-fifth of the patients complicated with the nervous system. Hence, certain cases present to physicians with rather a different systemic manifestation and incidentally have been diagnosed with scrub typhus. We present two such cases of scrub typhus with neurological manifestations. The first case was of a 14-year-old boy with no previous history of any comorbidities who presented with bilateral opsoclonus with multifocal spontaneous myoclonus with cerebellar ataxia with a preceding history of fever and acute gastroenteritis...
2024: Journal of Neurosciences in Rural Practice
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38472518/association-of-scrub-typhus-with-the-risk-of-venous-thromboembolism-and-long-term-mortality-a-population-based-cohort-study
#9
JOURNAL ARTICLE
En-Shao Liu, Yi-Ting Wu, Wen-Miin Liang, Feng-Yu Kuo
BACKGROUND: The existing literature lacks studies examining the epidemiological link between scrub typhus and deep vein thrombosis (DVT) or pulmonary embolism (PE), and the long-term outcomes. The objective of this study is to explore the potential association between scrub typhus and the subsequent risk of venous thromboembolism, and long-term mortality. METHOD: This nationwide cohort study identified 10,121 patients who were newly diagnosed with scrub typhus. Patients with a prior DVT or PE diagnosis before the scrub typhus infection were excluded...
March 12, 2024: European Journal of Clinical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38468746/scrub-typhus-an-underestimated-infectious-disease-attributable-to-community-acquired-acute-kidney-injury
#10
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Arpita Paul, Vaishali Sarma, Parasmita Das Choudhury, Gayatri Pegu, Kishore Sarma, Anisha Sarma, Lahari Saikia
UNLABELLED: Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) associated with Scrub typhus is an emerging health problem which is more common in the tropics including India. This study intended to find out the occurrence of Scrub typhus among the Community Acquired Acute Kidney Injury patients in a tertiary care hospital in Assam, North East India. AKI patients with acute febrile illness admitted to Gauhati Medical College and Hospital, Guwahati, Assam were included in the study and demographic characteristics along with clinical features were recorded...
March 2024: Indian Journal of Microbiology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38465663/persistent-fever-in-acute-hepatitis-think-beyond-acute-viral-hepatitis
#11
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Arghya Samanta, Ujjal Poddar, Moinak Sen Sarma, Anshu Srivastava, Surender Kumar Yachha, Prabhakar Mishra
BACKGROUND: Acute hepatitis due to various tropical infections can mimic the clinical picture of acute viral hepatitis(AVH), leading to increased morbidity and mortality. We aimed to identify clinical and laboratory parameters that could help to distinguish acute hepatitis due to tropical infections from AVH. METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed our database of 150 children (107 boys) with AVH and 50 children(34 boys)with acute hepatitis due to tropical infections between January 2013 and March 2023...
March 11, 2024: Infectious Diseases
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38463407/acute-pyelonephritis-by-scrub-typhus-a-rare-condition
#12
Debashis Priyadarshan Sahoo, Soumya Ranjan Pradhan, Gwenette War, Annu Gupta, Ruth K Tara
Scrub typhus is prevalent in tropical countries and can have a varied spectrum of presentations from pneumonia, gastroenteritis, lymphadenitis, meningitis, encephalitis, and acute kidney injury to multi-organ dysfunction syndrome. Urinary tract infections like cystitis and pyelonephritis are rarely reported. Here we present an atypical presentation of a 53-year-old female with diabetes mellitus who came to the outpatient department with complaints of high-grade fever, burning micturition, and left flank pain for three days and was initially treated outpatient basis with oral antibiotics...
March 2024: Curēus
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38452006/serological-detection-of-rickettsia-spp-and-evaluation-of-blood-parameters-in-pet-dogs-and-cats-from-bangkok-and-neighboring-provinces
#13
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Chanon Fa-Ngoen, Gunn Kaewmongkol, Natnaree Inthong, Ampai Tanganuchitcharnchai, Mohammad Yazid Abdad, Jarunee Siengsanan-Lamont, Stuart D Blacksell, Sarawan Kaewmongkol
Rickettsiosis is caused by Orientia spp. and Rickettsia spp., arthropod-borne zoonotic intracellular bacteria. The close relationships between pet dogs, cats and owners increase the risk of rickettsial transmission, with limited studies on the seroprevalence in pets. This study investigated the prevalence of rickettsia exposure among dogs and cats in Bangkok and neighboring provinces. The samples from 367 dogs and 187 cats used in this study were leftover serum samples from routine laboratory testing stored at the Veterinary Teaching Hospital...
2024: PloS One
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38451383/viral-hepatitis-induced-acute-liver-failure
#14
REVIEW
Sagnik Biswas, Ramesh Kumar, Shalimar, Subrat Kumar Acharya
Viral hepatitis-induced acute liver failure (ALF) is a preventable cause for liver-related mortality worldwide. Viruses are the most common cause for ALF in developing nations in contrast to the west, where acetaminophen is largely responsible. Viruses may be hepatotropic or affect the liver secondary to a systemic infection. In tropical countries, infections such as leptospirosis, scrub typhus and malaria can mimic the symptoms of ALF. Differentiating these ALF mimics is crucial because they require etiology-specific therapy...
March 7, 2024: Indian Journal of Gastroenterology: Official Journal of the Indian Society of Gastroenterology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38442086/epidemiological-and-clinical-characteristics-of-scrub-typhus-in-guizhou-province-china-an-outbreak-study-of-scrub-typhus
#15
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Jia He, Qing Ma, Zhongqiu Teng, Jingzhu Zhou, Na Zhao, Wenqin Liang, Miao Lu, Shijun Li, Tian Qin
The reported cases of scrub typhus (ST) have continued to escalate, with outbreaks occurring regionally in China. These pose an increasing public health threat at a time when public health has been overwhelmed. During the period from July to August 2022, in Rongjiang County, Guizhou Province, China, 13 out of 21 fever patients were diagnosed with scrub typhus, based on epidemiological investigation and blood test analysis. The major clinical symptoms of these patients showed fever, chills, headache, eschar, fatigue and pneumonia, which were accompanied by a rise in C-reactive protein, neutrophils, alanine transaminase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST)...
March 2024: PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38433784/case-report-encephalitis-with-initial-manifestation-of-orientia-tsutsugamushi-infection-detected-by-metagenomic-next-generation-sequencing
#16
Song Han, Suge Yang, Yun Wang, Yingying Xu
PURPOSE: Scrub typhus, caused by Orientia tsutsugamushi, is characterized by fever, eschars, lymphadenopathy, and rash. The absence of eschars in some cases makes it difficult to distinguish it from other diseases, complicating the diagnosis process. Atypical Scrub typhus is difficult to diagnose and often leads to delayed treatment. Therefore, early diagnosis and treatment through effective detection methods have high clinical value. Here, a case of scrub typhus with encephalitis symptoms is reported...
2024: Infection and Drug Resistance
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38430991/an-immunochromatographic-test-for-serological-diagnosis-of-scrub-typhus
#17
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Shuhao Yan, Qingyu Lu, Yawei Lu, Qingyuan Tao, Bao Gao, Sibo Wang, Xusheng Cai, Lele Ai, Xiaohui Xiong, Min Cao, Weilong Tan
A fluorescent immunochromatographic test (FM-ICT) was developed for rapid detection of anti-Orientia tsutsugamushi antibodies in serum samples. The FM-ICT was constructed based on the dual-antigen sandwich method. Truncated 56 kDa outer membrane protein of O. tsutsugamushi strain SJ, was expressed in E. coli and mixed with those of Ptan and Gillam strains. A thin line of the protein mixture was precisely sprayed across a nitrocellulose membrane making this the "Test" line. Polyclonal antibodies (pAbs) to O...
February 29, 2024: Journal of Immunological Methods
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38424500/gaps-and-inconsistencies-in-the-current-knowledge-and-implementation-of-biosafety-and-biosecurity-practices-for-rickettsial-pathogens
#18
REVIEW
Stuart D Blacksell, Khanh Kim Le, Artharee Rungrojn, Jantana Wongsantichon, John Stenos, Stephen R Graves, Nicholas P J Day
INTRODUCTION: Rickettsia spp. and Orientia spp. are the causes of neglected infections that can lead to severe febrile and systemic illnesses in humans. Implementing proper biosafety practices when handling these pathogens is crucial to ensure a safe and sustainable work environment. It is essential to assess the current knowledge and identify any potential gaps to develop effective measures that minimise the risk of exposure to these pathogens. By doing so, we can establish a comprehensive framework that promotes safety, mitigates hazards, and safeguards the well-being of personnel and the surrounding community...
February 29, 2024: BMC Infectious Diseases
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38410352/neurological-manifestations-of-scrub-typhus-infection-in-pediatric-patient-a-case-report-from-tertiary-care-hospital-in-central-india
#19
Priyanka Singh, Vishal Shete, Abhijit Choudhary, Neeta Gade, Meena Mishra
Scrub typhus is a neglected tropical bacterial disease endemic in central India which can manifest as meningitis/meningoencephalitis in children. It is difficult to diagnose clinically, especially in the absence of eschar or rash. Scrub typhus is seldom considered the differential diagnosis of meningitis in the Indian subcontinent. Appropriate investigations can lead to early detection of infection and initiation of correct antibiotic treatment leading to better patient prognosis even when features of meningitis supervene...
January 2024: Curēus
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38403808/pattern-of-fluid-overload-and-its-impact-on-mortality-among-mechanically-ventilated-children-secondary-analysis-of-the-relisch-trial
#20
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Shubham Charaya, Suresh Kumar Angurana, Karthi Nallasamy, Arun Bansal, Jayashree Muralidharan
OBJECTIVES: To assess the pattern of fluid overload (FO) and its impact on mortality among mechanically ventilated children. METHODS: In this secondary analysis of an open-label randomized controlled trial (ReLiSCh trial, October 2020-September 2021), hemodynamically stable mechanically ventilated children (n = 100) admitted to a tertiary level pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) in North India were enrolled. The primary outcome was pattern of FO (FO% >10% and cumulative FO% from day 1-7); and secondary outcomes were pattern of FO among survivors and non-survivors, and prescription practices of maintenance fluid...
February 26, 2024: Indian Journal of Pediatrics
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