Optic cup

PURPOSE: To report the outcomes of lensectomy in spherophakic eyes with subluxated or dislocated crystalline lenses and secondary glaucoma. METHODS: Lensectomy was performed in 52 eyes, 36 eyes with lens subluxation and 16 eyes with lens dislocation with secondary glaucoma from 1991 to 2016. Glaucoma was diagnosed based on intraocular pressure (IOP) ≥22 mm Hg and/or glaucomatous optic disc damage. Complete success was defined as IOP ≥5 and ≤21 mm Hg without antiglaucoma medications (AGMs) or surgery, and eyes needing oral AGM or surgical intervention for IOP control or those with complication causing loss of light perception were considered failure...

Objectives: Workers who fabricate stone countertops using hand tools are at risk of silicosis from overexposure to respirable crystalline silica. This study explored the efficacy of simple engineering controls that can be used for dust suppression during use of hand tools by stone countertop fabricators. Methods: Controlled experiments were conducted to measure whether wet methods and on-tool local exhaust ventilation (LEV) reduced respirable dust (RD) exposures during use of various powered hand tools on quartz-rich engineered stone...

PURPOSE: Ultra-wide field (UWF) retinal imaging (Optomap, Optos plc, Dunfermline, UK) is a novel technique to image the peripheral fundus. The goal of this study was to explore the potential use of UWF imaging to detect glaucoma, and specifically to evaluate the reproducibility of measures of vertical cup-to-disc ratio (VCDR) using ultra-wide field (UWF), and the agreement between UWF and standard colour digital stereoscopy (CDS). METHODS: An observational study...

PURPOSE: To determine the diagnostic value of B-scan echography in optic nerve head (ONH) cupping estimation in children. METHODS: The medical records of pediatric patients who had previously undergone examination under anesthesia and for whom both adequate B-scan echography images and optic nerve head (ONH) photographs and were available were reviewed retrospectively. The cup:disk ratio was estimated with a grading scale of 0-1.0 and rounded to the nearest tenth; degree of cupping was estimated from B-scan echography (small, medium, or large) by 5 masked graders (3 glaucoma specialists and 2 ocular sonographers) on 2 separate occasions...

During the initial stages of eye development, optic vesicles grow laterally outward from both sides of the forebrain and come into contact with the surrounding surface ectoderm (SE). Within the region of contact, these layers then thicken locally to create placodes and invaginate to form the optic cup (primitive retina) and lens vesicle (LV), respectively. This paper examines the biophysical mechanisms involved in LV formation, which consists of three phases: (1) lens placode formation; (2) invagination to create the lens pit (LP); and (3) closure to form a complete ellipsoidally shaped LV...

In recent years, scientists have made great achievements in understanding the development of human brain and elucidating critical elements of stepwise spatiotemporal control strategies in neural stem cell specification lineage, which facilitates successful induction of neural organoid in vitro including the cerebral cortex, cerebellar, neural tube, hippocampus cortex, pituitary, and optic cup. Besides, emerging researches on neural organogenesis promote the application of 3D organoid system transplantation in treating central nervous system (CNS) diseases...

INTRODUCTION: Maintaining accuracy of component placement is an important step in ensuring the long-term stability of components during total hip arthroplasty (THA). Computer-assisted navigation has improved accuracy but errors associated with the registration process are known to impact the accuracy of final measurements. The purpose of this cadaver study was to determine the registration error associated with a novel mini-navigation system. METHODS: 3 board-certified orthopaedic surgeons performed 4 THA procedures each via the posterolateral approach on 6 cadavers (12 hips) using the mini-navigation tool...

PURPOSE: To compare optic disc topography in eyes in three intraocular pressure (IOP) groups of <15 mmHg, 15-20 mmHg, and ≥21 mmHg using spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) and confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscopy, adjusting for the degree of damage, as measured by retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness and average visual field loss. METHODS: A total of 184 eyes of 112 patients with primary open-angle glaucoma were recruited into groups based on baseline untreated intraocular pressure (IOP) of <15 mmHg (normal-tension glaucoma [NTG], very low), 15-20 mmHg (NTG, medium), or ≥21 mmHg (high-tension glaucoma [HTG])...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Assessment of optic disc morphology is essential in diagnosis and management of visual impairment. The aim of this study was to evaluate associations between optic disc morphometric parameters, i.e., size and shape, and age, gender, and ocular axial length in normal and glaucomatous eyes based on time-domain optical coherence tomography image analysis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: It was a case-control study of 998 normal and 394 eyes with primary open angle glaucoma that underwent an ophthalmological examination and time-domain optical coherence topography scanning...

Ocular lens development represents an advantageous system in which to study regulatory mechanisms governing cell fate decisions, extracellular signaling, cell and tissue organization, and the underlying gene regulatory networks. Spatiotemporally regulated domains of BMP, FGF, and other signaling molecules in late gastrula-early neurula stage embryos generate the border region between the neural plate and non-neural ectoderm from which multiple cell types, including lens progenitor cells, emerge and undergo initial tissue formation...

Disc hemorrhage is known to be associated with glaucoma development and progression. Several hypotheses have been proposed to explain the pathogenesis of disc hemorrhage in glaucoma, including mechanical and ischemic theories. However, no theory has yet provided a clear explanation of cellular-level events and related histologic findings. Moreover, research has yet to elucidate why glaucomatous disc hemorrhage occurs around the optic disc and at the margin of the retinal nerve fiber layer defect. Understanding the pathogenic mechanism of disc hemorrhage will facilitate interpretation of its clinical importance, and provide better insight into clinical practice...

Calmodulin is vital for chick embryos morphogenesis in the incubation time 48 h to 66 h when the rudimentary C-shaped heart attains an S-shaped pattern and the optic vesicles develops to the optic cups. Melatonin is in the extraembryonic yolk sac of the avian egg. Melatonin binds calmodulin. The aim of this study was to investigate the melatonin functions in the formation of the chick embryo optic cups and S-shaped heart, by pharmacology and immunoassays methods. Mel1a melatonin receptor immunofluorescence was distributed in the optic cups and rudimentary hearts...

SYNOPSIS: Clinicians can feel confident compressed three-dimensional digital (3DD) and two-dimensional digital (2DD) imaging evaluating important features of glaucomatous disc damage is comparable to the previous gold standard of stereoscopic slide film photography, supporting the use of digital imaging for teleglaucoma applications. BACKGROUND/AIMS: To compare the sensitivity and specificity of 3DD and 2DD photography with stereo slide film in detecting glaucomatous optic nerve head features...

PURPOSE: To present a newly developed visual field device (pattern noise: PANO) designed to be sensitive to glaucoma defects, cost-effective, material-practical and easy to repair and therefore particularly suited for low-income countries, where glaucoma can be highly prevalent (e.g. sub-Saharan Africa). METHODS: This is primarily a descriptive paper, but it also includes a prospective matched case-control pilot study. Hardware, stimulus, target configuration, testing strategy and result sheet are described...

PURPOSE OF THE STUDY By 7th December 2016, 4,755 Bicon-Plus cups in total were implanted in the Czech Republic. Some of them have been continuously re-operated, while the most frequent reason of failure is polyethylene wear and aseptic loosening. The present study is focused on surface analysis of retrieved polyethylene Bicon-Plus cups and the determination of the roughness of their bearing surfaces. MATERIAL AND METHODS In this study, we had 13 high molecular weight polyethylene cups with the average time in situ of 8...

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Visual evoked potentials (VEPs) assess the integrity of the visual pathways from the optic nerve to the occipital cortex. Optic disc cupping and visual field loss have been associated with prolongation of latency of VEP in primary open angle glaucoma (POAG). METHODS: Pattern reversal and flash VEP tests were done in consenting 20 primary open angle glaucoma eyes and 40 normal control eyes. RESULTS: In POAG cases, the refractive error [3...

PURPOSE: To describe topographic characteristics of optic discs clinically suspected of large cupping. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This is retrospective study conducted from the January 2 to December 31 on the OCT registry and data base of a private ophthalmologic center in Lomé (Togo). We included records of patients with large cupping - CDR (cup-to-disc ratio) ≥ 0.4 -clinically observed and having undergone OCT-optic disc analysis. RESULTS: Three hundred and thirty-five patients (619 eyes) were studied, with a mean age of 41...

PURPOSE: To measure the change of peripapillary retinal vessel density (VD) in eyes with a history of acute primary angle closure glaucoma (PACG). DESIGN: Case-control study. METHODS: Twenty-one consecutive Chinese patients with history of unilateral acute PACG were enrolled. Eyes with acute PACG constituted the case group, while the contralateral eyes without attack constituted the control. All patients underwent ophthalmic examinations including best-corrected visual acuity, intraocular pressure, and visual field (VF)...

One of the most heavily used methods in chemical and biological labeling, detection, and imaging is based on silver shell-based enhancement on Au nanoparticles (AuNPs) that is useful for amplifying Rayleigh scattering, colorimetric signal, surface-enhanced Raman scattering, and electrical signal, but poor structural controllability and nonspecific growth of silver shells have limited its applications, especially with respect to signal reproducibility and quantification. Here, a highly specific, well-defined Cu nanopolyhedral shell overgrowth chemistry is developed with the aid of polyethyleneimine (PEI) on AuNPs, and the use of this PEI-mediated Cu polyhedral nanoshell (CuP) chemistry is shown as a means of light-scattering signal enhancement for the development of naked-eye-based highly sensitive and quantitative detections of DNA and viruses...

PURPOSE: Our aim was to compare optic disc parameters, retinal nerve fiber (RNFL) and macular ganglion cell layers between children and adolescents with diabetes mellitus (type 1) and healthy controls. METHODS: Sixty-three eyes of 63 pediatric diabetic patients without diabetic retinopathy and 44 eyes of 44 healthy controls were included in this cross-sectional and comparative study. Diabetic and control groups were similar in the aspect of age, gender and refractive error...