Trend

INTRODUCTION: The indications for reduction and fixation of the posterior malleolus component of rotational ankle fractures have been controversial for nearly a century. This study aims to identify the historical basis for surgical intervention and trace trends in management strategies over time. METHODS: In March 2023, a systematic review of full-text, English-language articles providing indications for surgical fixation of the posterior malleolus component of rotational ankle fractures was performed...

OBJECTIVE: In an attempt to operationalize an implicit aspect of the therapeutic relationship, this study assesses reciprocal linguistic style entrainment (rLSM) between the patient and therapist. rLSM is defined as the dynamic adjustment of function word usage to synchronize or to be in rhythm with another person as they change over time. METHOD: In this exploratory study, levels of rLSM per talk turn were analyzed for 540 sessions of 27 long-term psychoanalytic treatments in relation to treatment outcomes...

External fixation is a widely used technique for a myriad of bone fractures and pathologies in all extremities. Despite its widespread use, controversies and unknowns still exist. This review article seeks to discuss current literature surrounding pin insertion technique, pin-site care, intraoperative use during conversion to definitive fixation, the relationship of pin sites to definitive fixation, and pin-site management after removal for temporary external fixation.

INTRODUCTION: Total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is a common procedure for which patient factors are known to affect perioperative outcomes. Asthma has not been specifically considered in this regard, although it is the most common inflammatory airway disease and predisposes to osteoarthritis. METHODS: Adult patients undergoing TKA were identified from 2015 to 2021-Q3 M157 PearlDiver data sets. Asthma patients were matched to those without 1:1 based on age, sex, and Elixhauser Comorbidity Index (ECI)...

The hydrologic cycle has wide impacts on the ocean salinity and circulation, carbon and nitrogen cycles, and the ecosystem. Under anthropogenic global warming, previous studies showed that the intensification of the hydrologic cycle is a robust feature. Whether this trend persists in hothouse climates, however, is unknown. Here, we show in climate models that mean precipitation first increases with rising surface temperature, but the precipitation trend reverses when the surface is hotter than ~320 to 330 kelvin...

Intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs) that lie close to the empirical boundary separating IDPs and folded proteins in Uversky's charge-hydropathy plot may behave as "marginal IDPs" and sensitively switch conformation upon changes in environment (temperature, crowding, and charge screening), sequence, or both. In our search for such a marginal IDP, we selected Huntingtin-interacting protein K (HYPK) near that boundary as a candidate; PKIα, also near that boundary, has lower secondary structure propensity; and Crk1, just across the boundary on the folded side, has higher secondary structure propensity...

Domestic rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) are the fourth most common species admitted to the British Columbia Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (BC SPCA) shelter system. However, shelter data analysis has largely focused on cats and dogs and little is known about the population dynamics of rabbits in shelters. We analyzed five years of rabbit records (n = 1567) at the BC SPCA to identify trends in intake and predictors of length of stay (LOS) of rabbits. The majority of rabbits were surrendered by their owners (40...

The spray system mechanism during a gas explosion in an underground square pipeline is complex. In this paper, the underground square of Fuxin City is selected as the research object. FLACS numerical simulation software is used to analyze the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of a gas explosion in an underground square pipeline with an unopened spray system using combustion and combustion rate models. Different spray pressures were compared and analyzed to determine the optimal spray control pressure, and the spray system mechanism was clarified...

OBJECTIVE: Excess mortality has been demonstrated in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) compared with the general population. We aimed to investigate the 5-year and 10-year all-cause mortality in patients with SLE compared with the general population in recent decades. METHODS: Nationwide population-based exposure matched cohort study. Incident cases of SLE diagnosed between 1996 and 2015 were identified using administrative health registries and followed until 2020, allowing for 5 and 10 years of follow-up...

Negativity bias is a cognitive bias that results in negative events being perceptually more salient than positive ones. For hearing care, this means that hearing aid benefits can potentially be overshadowed by adverse experiences. Research has shown that sustaining focus on positive experiences has the potential to mitigate negativity bias. The purpose of the current study was to investigate whether a positive focus (PF) intervention can improve speech-in-noise abilities for experienced hearing aid users. Thirty participants were randomly allocated to a control or PF group (N = 2 × 15)...

BACKGROUND: This study examines incidence, mortality, medical expenditure and prescription patterns for asthma on a national scale, particularly in Asian countries for asthma is limited. Our aim is to investigate incidence, mortality, prescription patterns and provide a comprehensive overview of healthcare utilization trends for asthma from 2009 to 2018. METHODS: We included patients diagnosed with asthma between 2009 and 2018. We excluded patients with missing demographic data...

BACKGROUND: Preterm neonates are extensively monitored to require strict oxygen target attainment for optimal outcomes. In daily practice, detailed oxygenation data are hardly used and crucial patterns may be missed due to the snapshot presentations and subjective observations. This study aimed to develop a web-based dashboard with both detailed and summarized oxygenation data in real-time and to test its feasibility to support clinical decision making. METHODS: Data from pulse oximeters and ventilators were synchronized and stored to enable real-time and retrospective trend visualizations in a web-based viewer...

During the 1890s, animal development became associated with glandular activity, with profound implications for pediatric nosology and treatment. The significance of this endocrinological turn of developmental physiology and pathophysiology in part hinges on an often-overlooked continuity with ubiquitous early modern medical thought concerning semen as a recrementitious (reabsorbed) nutrient or stimulant. Mid-19th-century interests in adult sexual physiology were increasingly nerve-centered and antihumoral. Scattered empirical, particularly veterinarian, interests in gonadal developmental functions failed to moderate these explanatory trends...

BACKGROUND: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is on the rise in our aging society, making it crucial to identify additional risk factors to mitigate its increasing incidence. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to provide updated evidence regarding the association between sleep and AD. METHODS: We conducted a comprehensive search of MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Web of Science databases from inception to July 2023 to identify longitudinal studies. Adjusted relative risks were pooled for each sleep characteristic, and a dose-response analysis was performed specifically for sleep duration...

OBJECTIVE: This study aims to evaluate the developments in the testing of Kirsten Rat Sarcoma viral oncogene homolog (KRAS) and v-Raf murine sarcoma viral oncogene homolog B1 (BRAF) mutations across different cancer types and regions in Denmark from 2010 to 2022. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING: Using comprehensive data from the Danish health registries, we linked molecular test results from the Danish Pathology Registry with cancer diagnoses from the Danish National Patient Registry between 2010 and 2022...

In recent years, all-inorganic perovskite materials have become an ideal choice for new thin film solar cells due to their excellent photophysical properties and have become a research hotspot. Studying the ultrafast dynamics of photo-generated carriers is of great significance for further improving the performance of such devices. In this work, we focus on the transient dynamic process of CsPbBr3/TiO2 composite systems with different Mn2+ doping contents using femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy technology...

The potential of soil organic carbon fractions for agroforestry systems (AFSs) is not well understood. Five distinct AFSs were tested for its impact on soil organic carbon fractionation, carbon index, and microbial activity in North Eastern Himalayas, India. The mean labile carbon (LC) ranged from 4.55 to 5.43 kg soil-1 across the land use systems. Napier system observed the lowest very labile carbon (VLC) 12.36 kg soil-1 in 60-75-cm depth. The mean non labile carbon (NLC) ranged from 15.67 to 16...

UNLABELLED: Poor growth and nutrition management in the neonatal period can have a negative impact upon both the short- and long-term outcomes for the infant. Improvements in bioelectrical impedance technology and accompanying licencing agreements now make this enhanced device available for use in infants as small as 23 weeks gestational age. An exploration of this technology and its use is now timely. The aim of the scoping review was to answer the following question: in preterm and sick term infants in the neonatal intensive care unit, how is bioelectrical impedance being utilized, in what situations, and when? The scoping review was conducted using Arksey and O'Malley's (Int J Soc Res Methodol 8(1):19-32, 2005) framework...

Demographic ageing yields many societal consequences that depend strongly on the health status of the population. Special indicators have been developed for tracking and assessing population health, which are referred to with the overarching term healthy life expectancy (HLE). The derivation of HLE is intuitive and easily comprehensible. However, an overly simplistic interpretation hides the extreme complexity inherent in adding the health dimension to the life table. This makes HLE compared to classic life expectancy (LE) extremely sensitive to certain conceptual and methodological features...

DISCLAIMER: In an effort to expedite the publication of articles, AJHP is posting manuscripts online as soon as possible after acceptance. Accepted manuscripts have been peer-reviewed and copyedited, but are posted online before technical formatting and author proofing. These manuscripts are not the final version of record and will be replaced with the final article (formatted per AJHP style and proofed by the authors) at a later time. PURPOSE: To report historical patterns of pharmaceutical expenditures, to identify factors that may influence future spending, and to predict growth in drug spending in 2024 in the United States, with a focus on the nonfederal hospital and clinic sectors...