e stim

PURPOSE: This investigation was to compare differences in skeletal muscle oxygen consumption ([Formula: see text]) and mitochondrial recovery between voluntary (VOL) and electrically stimulated (ES) plantarflexion contractions. METHODS: Twelve men and women (26 ± 4.0 years; 171.8 ± 5.1 cm; 74.0 ± 13.7 kg) were seated in a chair with their right knee fully extended and right foot secured to a force transducer...

Closed-loop acoustic stimulation (CLAS) during sleep has shown to boost slow wave (SW) amplitude and spindle power. Moreover, sleep SW have been classified based on different processes of neuronal synchronization. Thus, different types of SW events may have distinct functional roles and be differentially affected by external stimuli. However, the SW synchronization processes affected by CLAS are not well understood. Here, we studied the effect of CLAS on the dissociation of SW events based on two features of neuronal synchronization in the electroencephalogram (topological spread and wave slope)...

Malfunctions in airway smooth muscle Ca2+ -signalling leads to airway hyperresponsiveness in asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Ca2+ -release from intracellular stores is important in mediating agonist-induced contractions, but the role of influx via l-type Ca2+ channels is controversial. We re-examined roles of the sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ store, refilling of this store via store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE) and l-type Ca2+ channel pathways on carbachol (CCh, 0.1-10 µM)-induced contractions of mouse bronchial rings and intracellular Ca2+ signals of mouse bronchial myocytes...

Molecular recurrence (MRec) occurs in about half of all patients with chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) who discontinue tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) in sustained deep molecular response. A second TKI discontinuation has been attempted in some patients who regain the discontinuation criteria after resuming treatment. Nilotinib treatment affords faster and deeper molecular responses than imatinib as first-line therapy. We prospectively evaluated the efficacy and safety of nilotinib (300 mg twice daily) in chronic-phase CML patients who experienced MRec, after imatinib discontinuation and analysed the probability of TFR after a new attempt in patients treated for 2 years with sustained MR4...

Muscle deconditioning and impaired vascular function in the lower extremities (LE) are among the long-term symptoms experienced by COVID-19 patients with a history of severe illness. These symptoms are part of the post-acute sequelae of Sars-CoV-2 (PASC) and currently lack evidence-based treatment. To investigate the efficacy of lower extremity electrical stimulation (E-Stim) in addressing PASC-related muscle deconditioning, we conducted a double-blinded randomized controlled trial. Eighteen (n = 18) patients with LE muscle deconditioning were randomly assigned to either the intervention (IG) or the control (CG) group, resulting in 36 LE being assessed...

2-aminoethoxydiphenyl borate (2-APB) is commonly used as a tool to modulate calcium signaling in physiological studies. 2-APB has a complex pharmacology and acts as activator or inhibitor of a variety of Ca2+ channels and transporters. While unspecific, 2-APB is one of the most-used agents to modulate store-operated calcium entry (SOCE) mediated by the STIM-gated Orai channels. Due to its boron core structure, 2-APB tends to readily hydrolyze in aqueous environment, a property that results in a complex physicochemical behavior...

Store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE) is activated in response to the inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate (InsP3 )-dependent depletion of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) Ca2+ store and represents a ubiquitous mode of Ca2+ influx. In vascular endothelial cells, SOCE regulates a plethora of functions that maintain cardiovascular homeostasis, such as angiogenesis, vascular tone, vascular permeability, platelet aggregation, and monocyte adhesion. The molecular mechanisms responsible for SOCE activation in vascular endothelial cells have engendered a long-lasting controversy...

INTRODUCTION: The use of blood flow restriction (BFR) has been shown to promote greater increases in muscle size and strength when applied during low intensity aerobic exercise and low load resistance exercise. Whether BFR can enhance the effectiveness of E-STIM has been less explored and is the purpose of this study. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION: The databases of Pubmed, Scopus, and Web of Science were searched using the following search: "blood flow restriction" OR "occlusion training" OR "KAATSU" AND "electrical stimulation" OR "E-STIM" OR "neuromuscular electrical stimulation" OR "NMES" OR "electromyostimulation...

OBJECTIVES: The insula is a brain area involved in the modulation of autonomic responses. Previous studies have focused mainly on its heart rate regulatory function, but its role in vascular control is not well defined. Ictal/postictal blood pressure (BP) fluctuations may have a role in the pathogenesis of sudden unexpected death in epilepsy. This study aims to characterize the insular influence on vascular regulation through direct high-frequency electrical stimulation (E-stim) of different insular regions during stereo-electroencephalographic studies...

BACKGROUND: Left bundle branch area pacing (LBBAP) includes left bundle branch pacing (LBBP) and left ventricular (LV) septal myocardial pacing (LVSP). HYPOTHESIS: The study aimed to assess resynchronization effects and clinical outcomes by LBBAP in heart failure (HF) patients with cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) indications. METHODS: LBBAP was successfully performed in 29 consecutive patients and further classified as the LBBP-group (N = 15) and LVSP-group (N = 14) based on the LBBP criteria and novel LV conduction time measurement (LV CT, between LBBAP site and LV pacing (LVP) site)...

BACKGROUND: Intensive care unit (ICU) prolonged immobilization may lead to lower-extremity muscle deconditioning among critically ill patients, particularly more accentuated in those with 2019 Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) infection. Electrical stimulation (E-Stim) is known to improve musculoskeletal outcomes. This phase I double-blinded randomized controlled trial examined the safety and efficacy of lower-extremity E-Stim to prevent muscle deconditioning. METHODS: Critically ill COVID-19 patients admitted to the ICU were randomly assigned to control (CG) or intervention (IG) groups...

BACKGROUND: Botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT) injection is an established therapy for limb spasticity and focal limb dystonia. Comparative benefits of injection guidance procedures have not been rigorously studied. OBJECTIVES: We compared 2 targeting techniques for onabotulinumtoxin-A (onabotA) injection for the treatment of focal hand dystonia and upper limb spasticity: electrophysiologic guidance using electrical stimulation (E-stim) and ultrasound (US). METHODS: This was a 2-center, randomized, crossover, assessor-blinded trial...

BACKGROUND: Both electrical stimulations (E-STIM) and blood flow restriction (BFR) have been shown to treat symptoms of exercise-induced muscle damage, but little is known about their combined effects which was the purpose of this study. METHODS: Individuals completed one set of eccentric elbow flexion exercises to induce muscle damage. Forty-eight hours later, E-STIM was applied using an interferential current administered to both arms for 20 min; however, only one arm completed the E-STIM protocol while also undergoing repeated bouts of BFR (full occlusion for 2 min separated by a 1-min rest intervals)...

INTRODUCTION/AIMS: Repaired nerve injuries can fail to achieve functional recovery. Therapeutic options beyond surgery, such as systemic tacrolimus (FK506) and electrical stimulation (E-stim), can improve recovery. We tested whether dual administration of FK506 and E-stim enhances regeneration and recovery more than either therapeutic alone. METHODS: Rats were randomized to four groups: E-stim, FK506, FK506 + E-stim, and Repair Alone. All groups underwent tibial nerve transection-and-repair...

INTRODUCTION: Significant losses of muscle mass and function occur after major abdominal surgery. Neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) has been shown to reduce muscle atrophy in some patient groups, but evidence in post-operative patients is limited. This study assesses the efficacy of NMES for attenuating muscle atrophy and functional declines following major abdominal surgery in older adults. METHODS: Fifteen patients undergoing open colorectal resection completed a split body randomised control trial...

The objective of this study was to determine if performing electrical stimulations (E-STIM) under blood flow restriction (BFR) would result in a greater protective effect against symptoms of muscle damage. 18 individuals (9 females) completed a damaging bout of exercise followed by a low frequency E-STIM treatment protocol on both arms, one of which was completed under BFR. The treatment protocol was then repeated 24-hours post-exercise. There were main effects of time for muscle thickness (pre: 3.5 cm; 48 h post: 3...

BACKGROUND: Ventricular fibromas frequently present with life-threatening ventricular tachycardia (VT) or ventricular fibrillation (VF) in children. The long-term risk of sustained ventricular arrhythmias following surgical resection is unknown. OBJECTIVES: To quantify the VT/VF risk following surgical resection and to examine the results of early (during index surgical hospitalization) and late (≥3 months following surgery) postoperative ventricular stimulation studies (V-stim)...

BACKGROUND: Left bundle branch pacing (LBBP) is a promising approach for achieving near-physiologic pacing. However, differentiating LBBP from left ventricular septal endocardial pacing (LVS(e)P) remains a challenge. This study aimed to establish a simple and effective method for differentiating LBBP from LVS(e)P and to evaluate their electrophysiologic characteristics. METHODS: LBBP, using continuous uninterrupted pacing and real-time monitoring of electrocardiograms along with intracardiac electrograms, was performed in 97 consecutive patients...

Pannexin-1 (Panx1) is a large-pore ion and solute permeable channel highly expressed in the nervous system, where it subserves diverse processes, including neurite outgrowth, dendritic spine formation, and N-methyl D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor (NMDAR)-dependent plasticity. Moreover, Panx1 dysregulation contributes to neurological disorders, including neuropathic pain, epilepsy, and excitotoxicity. Despite progress in understanding physiological and pathological functions of Panx1, the mechanisms that regulate its activity, including its ion and solute permeability, remain poorly understood...

BACKGROUND: For many cell types, directional locomotion depends on their maintaining filopodia at the leading edge. Filopodia lack any Ca2+ -binding structural protein but respond to store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE). METHODS: SOCE was induced by first replacing the medium with Ca2+ -free salt solution with cyclopiazonic acid (CPA). This lowers Ca2+ in the ER and causes stromal interacting molecule (STIM) to be translocated to the cell surface. After this priming step, CPA was washed out, and Ca2+ influx restored by addition of extracellular Ca2+ ...