streptococcus mitis+pneumonia

In 2017, Poland introduced the 10-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV) into its national immunization schedule. This prospective study was conducted between March and June 2020 to determine the impact of vaccination on prevalence of the nasopharyngeal carriage of S. pneumoniae in 176 healthy children and to determine how conjugate vaccines indirectly affect colonization of nasopharyngeal microbiota. Pneumococcal isolates were analyzed by serotyping and antimicrobial resistance tests. Nasopharyngeal microbiota were detected and identified using the culture method and real-time PCR amplification primers and hydrolysis-probe detection with the 16S rRNA gene as the target...

BACKGROUND: Pneumonia is a leading cause of death worldwide and is a major health-care challenge in people living with HIV. Despite this, the causes of pneumonia in this population remain poorly understood. We aimed to assess the feasibility of metatranscriptomics for epidemiological surveillance of pneumonia in patients with HIV in Uganda. METHODS: We performed a retrospective observational study in patients with HIV who were admitted to Mulago Hospital, Kampala, Uganda between Oct 1, 2009, and Dec 31, 2011...

The Streptococcus mitis group constitutes a part of the oral flora in humans and has been reported to cause infective endocarditis, brain abscesses, sepsis, pneumonia, and peritonitis. However, the S. mitis group rarely causes meningitis in children. We experienced a case of bacterial meningitis due to the S. mitis group in a 14-year-old girl with Gorham-Stout disease undergoing treatment with sirolimus for skull base osteolysis and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak. Antibiotic treatment was initiated with linezolid and levofloxacin due to allergies against β-lactam antibiotics...

Secondary bacterial infection following influenza A virus (IAV) infection is a major cause of morbidity and mortality during influenza epidemics. Streptococcus pneumoniae has been identified as a predominant pathogen in secondary pneumonia cases that develop following influenza. Although IAV has been shown to enhance susceptibility to the secondary bacterial infection, the underlying mechanism of the viral-bacterial synergy leading to disease progression is complex and remains elusive. In this review, cooperative interactions of viruses and streptococci during co- or secondary infection with IAV are described...

We describe the genomic and phenotypic characteristics of a novel member of Streptococcus with multidrug resistance (MDR) isolated from hospital samples. Strains SP218 and SP219 were identified as a novel Streptococcus , S . sputorum , using whole-genome sequencing and biochemical tests. Average nucleotide identity values of strains SP218 and SP219 with S . pseudopneumoniae IS7493 and S. pneumoniae ST556 were 94.3% and 93.3%, respectively. Genome-to-genome distance values of strains SP218 and SP219 with S ...

The urinary tract has a microbial community (the urinary microbiota or urobiota) that has been associated with human health. Whole genome sequencing of bacteria is a powerful tool, allowing investigation of the genomic content of the urobiota, also called the urinary microbiome (urobiome). Bacterial plasmids are a significant component of the urobiome yet are understudied. Because plasmids can be vectors and reservoirs for clinically relevant traits, they are important for urobiota dynamics and thus may have relevance to urinary health...

The performance and early therapeutic impact of direct identification by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF; DIMT) on pediatric blood culture bottles using in-house-developed methods to obtain microbial pellets for spectrometric analysis have seldom been studied. During a 2-year period (June 2018 to May 2020), DIMT was performed on broths from positive pediatric blood culture bottles using an in-house-developed method. Organism identifications with a score of ≥1...

BACKGROUND: Carriage studies are fundamental to assessing the effects of pneumococcal vaccines. Because a large proportion of oral streptococci carry homologues of pneumococcal genes, non-culture-based detection and serotyping of upper respiratory tract (URT) samples can be problematic. In the current study, we investigated whether culture-free molecular methods could differentiate pneumococci from oral streptococci carried by adults in the URT. METHODS: Paired nasopharyngeal (NP) and oropharyngeal (OP) samples were collected from 100 older adults twice a month for 1 year...

Streptococcus pneumoniae and Streptococcus mitis are genetically closely related and both frequently colonise the naso-oropharynx, yet S. pneumoniae is a common cause of invasive infections whereas S. mitis is only weakly pathogenic. We hypothesise that sensitivity to innate immunity may underlie these differences in virulence phenotype. We compared the sensitivity of S. pneumoniae and S. mitis strains to complement-mediated immunity, demonstrating S. mitis strains were susceptible to complement-mediated opsonophagocytosis...

INTRODUCTION: The choice of empiric therapy for bacterial conjunctivitis should be guided by an awareness of typical causative pathogen distributions. Bacterial conjunctivitis can be polybacterial, although pediatric-specific data are lacking. METHODS: This was a post-hoc analysis of data in pediatric subjects (1-17 years) from five bacterial conjunctivitis trials evaluating besifloxacin ophthalmic solution 0.6%. RESULTS: Of the 730 pediatric subjects with culture-confirmed conjunctivitis, nearly one-fourth (23...

Discrimination of Streptococcus pneumoniae from other Streptococcus mitis group (SMG) species is still challenging but very important due to their different pathogenic potential. In this study, we aimed to develop a matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS)-based optochin susceptibility test with an objective read-out. Optimal test performance was established and evaluated by testing consecutively collected respiratory isolates. Optochin in different concentrations as a potential breakpoint concentration was added to a standardized inoculum...

Next-generation sequencing (NGS) technologies have been applied in bacterial flora analysis. However, there is no standardized protocol, and the optimal clustering threshold for estimating bacterial species in respiratory infection specimens is unknown. This study was conducted to investigate the optimal threshold for clustering 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequences into operational taxonomic units (OTUs) by comparing the results of NGS technology with those of the Sanger method, which has a higher accuracy of sequence per single read than NGS technology...

The genus Streptococcus infects a broad range of hosts, including humans. Some species, such as S. pyogenes, S. agalactiae, S. pneumoniae, and S. mutans, are recognized as the major human pathogens, and their pathogenicity toward humans has been investigated. However, many of other streptococcal species have been recognized as opportunistic pathogens in humans, and their clinical importance has been underestimated. In our previous study, the Anginosus group streptococci (AGS) and Mitis group streptococci (MGS) showed clear β-hemolysis on blood agar, and the factors responsible for the hemolysis were homologs of two types of β-hemolysins, cholesterol-dependent cytolysin (CDC) and streptolysin S (SLS)...

Streptococcus pneumoniae is an important global pathogen that causes bacterial pneumonia, sepsis and meningitis. Beta-lactam antibiotics are the first-line treatment for pneumococcal disease, however, their effectiveness is hampered by beta-lactam resistance facilitated by horizontal genetic transfer (HGT) with closely related species. Although interspecies HGT is known to occur among the species of the genus Streptococcus , the rates and effects of HGT between Streptococcus pneumoniae and its close relatives involving the penicillin binding protein ( pbp ) genes remain poorly understood...

This study evaluated the ability of the MALDI-ToF MS from Bruker Daltonics to identify clinical Mitis-Group-Streptococcus isolates with a focus on Streptococcus pseudopneumoniae. The results were analyzed using the standard log(score) and the previously published list(score). Importantly, using the log(score) no misidentifications occurred and 27 of 29 (93%) S. pneumoniae and 27 of 30 (90%) S. oralis strains were identified, but only 1 of 31 (3%) S. pseudopneumoniae and 1 of 13 (8%) S. mitis strains were identified...

The opportunistic pathogen Streptococcus mitis possesses, like other members of the Mitis group of viridans streptococci, phosphorylcholine (P-Cho)-containing teichoic acids (TAs) in its cell wall. Bioinformatic analyses predicted the presence of TAs that are almost identical with those identified in the pathogen Streptococcus pneumoniae, but a detailed analysis of S. mitis lipoteichoic acid (LTA) was not performed to date. Here, we determined the structures of LTA from two S. mitis strains, the high-level beta-lactam and multiple antibiotic resistant strain B6 and the penicillin-sensitive strain NCTC10712...

Previous studies have clearly demonstrated that the addition of lentisk oil (LO) to streptococcal cultures makes it possible to differentiate Streptococcus spp. into three categories with Streptococcus mitis and Streptococcus intermedius sensitive, Streptococcus pyogenes , Streptococcus agalactiae , and Streptococcus mutans partially sensitive, and Streptococcus salivarius insensitive to the product. We have investigated here whether the winterization of LO, an easy and cheap procedure that removes some of the fatty substances contained within, resulted in a better antimicrobial effect on human pathogens affecting the pharyngeal mucosa and middle ear such as S ...

Background: Infants with extrauterine growth restriction (EUGR) experience significant postnatal growth restriction in the first week after birth, which indicates a failure of energy absorption. This study aimed to determine the different intestinal microbial species and metabolites between infants with EUGR and those without EUGR. Methods: A total of 73 infants hospitalized in a neonatal intensive care unit were enrolled and divided into the EUGR group (n=50) and the non-EUGR group (n=23)...

INTRODUCTION: Streptococcus pneumoniae can be responsible for severe human infections. Optochin resistance has been a potential cause of misidentification of pneumococcus and other members of the mitis group. Hence, rapid and easy optochin resistant (Optr) S. pneumoniae identification is essential. METHODOLOGY: Atypical pneumococci were characterized using optochin susceptibility, bile solubility based on spectrophotometric reading, serotyping, pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), 16S rRNA sequencing and PCR-based assays targeting pneumococcal genes lytA, ply, pspA, cpsA, Spn9802 and Spn9828...

The polysaccharide capsule is a key virulence factor of Streptococcus pneumoniae There are numerous epidemiologically important pneumococcal capsular serotypes, and recent findings have demonstrated that several of them are commonly found among nonpathogenic commensal species. Here, we describe 9 nonpneumococcal strains carrying close homologs of pneumococcal capsular biosynthetic ( cps ) loci that were discovered during recent pneumococcal carriage studies of adults in the United States and Kenya. Two distinct Streptococcus infantis strains cross-reactive with pneumococcal serotype 4 and carrying cps4 -like capsular biosynthetic ( cps ) loci were recovered...