Betrayal

The Personality Assessment Inventory (PAI) is among the most commonly used broadband inventories of psychological functioning. For the purposes of assessing trauma specifically, the most relevant aspect of the PAI is the Traumatic Stress subscale of the Anxiety-Related Disorders scale (ARD-T), which measures the degree to which a person feels wounded by something in their past. Research suggests that ARD-T is associated with exposure to a variety of different traumatic stressors. However, there is little research on the degree to which traumatic stressors that entail a component of interpersonal betrayal (i...

OBJECTIVES: Occupational moral injury and post-traumatic embitterment disorder (PTED) describe the psychological distress caused by exposure to injustice at work. This meta-analysis aims to determine the prevalence of occupational moral injury and PTED and establish whether prevalence estimates differ depending on occupation. DESIGN: A systematic review and meta-analysis. DATA SOURCES: Google Scholar, PubMed, APA PsycINFO, Web of Science Core Collection, Scopus, ScienceDirect and Sage Journals Online were searched in June 2020 and updated in November 2022...

This article provides insight into the complex anger often following the discovery of broken trust and attachment in a relationship as a result of sexual betrayal. In the past, the helping profession viewed angry betrayed partners from a pathological lens. Through research and progression in the mental health field, betrayed partners are now viewed from a trauma lens as traumatized individuals, and a greater understanding exists of why partners will most likely experience complex anger after betrayal. This article aims to add to the existing literature on the topic of betrayal trauma and provide clinical considerations for assessment and treatment of those seeking therapeutic help to manage and reduce anger...

Background: Combatants who are exposed to events that transgress deeply held moral beliefs might face lasting psychopathological outcomes, referred to as Moral Injury (MI). However, knowledge about pre-deployment factors that might moderate the negative consequences of MI is sparse. In this prospective study, we examined pre-enlistment characteristics and pre-deployment personality factors as possible moderators in the link between exposure to potentially morally injurious events (PMIEs) and psychiatric symptomatology among Israeli active-duty combatants...

Moons potentially harbouring a global ocean are tending to become relatively common objects in the Solar System1 . The presence of these long-lived global oceans is generally betrayed by surface modification owing to internal dynamics2 . Hence, Mimas would be the most unlikely place to look for the presence of a global ocean3 . Here, from detailed analysis of Mimas's orbital motion based on Cassini data, with a particular focus on Mimas's periapsis drift, we show that its heavily cratered icy shell hides a global ocean, at a depth of 20-30 kilometres...

AIM: To explore healthcare workers' experiences of the changed caring reality during the COVID-19 pandemic in Sweden. DESIGN: An online fully mixed-methods design. METHODS: A web-based self-reported questionnaire with fixed and open-ended answers collected data from March to April 2021, analysed in three steps. First, free-text questions were analysed by qualitative content analysis. Then quantitative linear regression analyses using models covering stress and coping mechanisms were conducted...

In 1957, the British-Indian child psychiatrist Dr Elwyn James Anthony travelled to the Zurich International Congress of Psychiatry to show a film featuring 70 children with such complex symptomatology and behaviour that they betrayed the certainty of contemporary theories of developmental psychology and psychoanalysis. This article examines the significance of Anthony's film to the creation of new scientific models in international developmental psychology and psychiatric epidemiology. It marked a significant change in the use of filmed evidence that sought to create a truly global and universalist approach to atypical child development based purely on scientific observations...

Visual working memory (VWM) allows to store goal-relevant information to guide future behavior. Prior work suggests that VWM is spatially organized and relies on spatial attention directed toward locations at which memory items were encoded, even if location is task irrelevant. Importantly, attention often needs to be dynamically redistributed between locations, for example, in preparation for an upcoming probe. Very little is known about how attentional resources are distributed between multiple locations during a VWM task and even less about the dynamic changes governing such attentional shifts over time...

The term institutional betrayal (Smith and Freyd, 2014) builds on the conceptual framework of betrayal trauma theory (see Freyd, 1996) to describe the ways that institutions (e.g., universities, workplaces) fail to take appropriate steps to prevent and/or respond appropriately to interpersonal trauma. A nascent literature has begun to describe individual costs associated with institutional betrayal throughout the United States (U.S.), with implications for public policy and institutional practice. A scoping review was conducted to quantify existing study characteristics and key findings to guide research and practice going forward...

The "Troubled Teen Industry" refers to a network of federally unregulated programs marketed toward the behavior modification of teens through therapeutic intervention and elite education. The true nature and structure of these programs, however, remains relatively unstudied, with the consequences of program attendance largely unknown or based on anecdotal evidence. This study systematically analyzes 77 open-source testimonials of former program attendees for themes of coercive control and isolation. Thematic analyses revealed high rates of coercive control within these narratives...

OBJECTIVE: Complex posttraumatic stress disorder (complex PTSD) is characterized by symptoms of PTSD combined with disturbance in self-organization and is distressing for many people who have experienced chronic and repetitive interpersonal trauma. Studies on the precursors to complex PTSD have thus far focused on the forms of trauma perpetrated rather than who perpetrated the trauma. Traumas that are associated with complex PTSD (i.e., chronic and repetitive interpersonal traumas) are often perpetrated by someone that is close to the victim and thus involve an element of betrayal...

BACKGROUND: Exposure to potentially morally injurious events (PMIEs) during military service is associated with heightened suicidal ideation (SI). However, no longitudinal study has established temporal associations between these variables and examined the possible mediating roles of depression and loneliness in this effect. METHODS: Participants were 374 active-duty Israeli combatants who participated in a five-year longitudinal study with four measurement points: T1- one year before enlistment, T2- one month before discharge from army service, and then again six months and twelve months following their discharge (T3 and T4, respectively)...

Speaking on behalf of others is no easy task. When 30 members of a psychiatric hospital's ethics committee rely on three of them to explain its functions and roles to neophytes, and to put into words what the committee represents in their eyes, the mission is a delicate one. We have to remain as faithful to our own thinking as we are to the spirit of the group. We will try to answer these questions as best we can, to shed light on the origins, missions and specific features of an ethics committee in a psychiatric hospital, without betraying our own thinking or that of our colleagues...

The choice of strategy exposes individuals to the risk of betrayal. This induces individuals' irrational tendencies in strategy selection, which further influences the emergence of cooperative behavior. However, the underlying mechanisms connecting risk perception and the emergence of cooperation are still not fully understood. To address this, the classic evolutionary game model on complex networks is extended. We depict the interaction between strategy imitation and payoff evaluation from two perspectives: dynamic adjustment and irrational assessment...

Though many universities offer resources to student survivors of sexual violence, student survivors who do not know about these resources cannot utilize their services. Students who are unaware of the confidentiality status of these services may seek assistance from an on-campus service without realizing the potential consequences. Under the theory of institutional betrayal, knowledge of confidential resources may prevent experiences of institutional betrayal for students who have experienced sexual violence...

The aim of this study is to shed light on how Swedish female survivors of male intimate partner violence experience support from social workers during post-separation violence. This is explored through an interview study with sixteen survivors. Hester's three planet model is utilized in the analysis. The results show that while the survivors described positive experiences of support from social workers on the Domestic violence planet, they felt social workers in the family law system on the Child contact planet enabled post-separation violence, and reported that this contributed to them feeling betrayed rather than supported...

BACKGROUND: The COVID-19 pandemic has challenged the mental health of health care workers, increasing the rates of stress, moral distress (MD), and moral injury (MI). Virtual reality (VR) is a useful tool for studying MD and MI because it can effectively elicit psychophysiological responses, is customizable, and permits the controlled study of participants in real time. OBJECTIVE: This study aims to investigate the feasibility of using an intervention comprising a VR scenario and an educational video to examine MD among health care workers during the COVID-19 pandemic and to use our mobile app for longitudinal monitoring of stress, MD, and MI after the intervention...

INTRODUCTION: Online reputation is misattributed in France in academic publications. However, this phenomenon is growing. The objective of this study was to establish an inventory of the e-reputation of French maxillofacial surgeons through the opinions posted on their professional Google® account. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A descriptive study included all the surgeons registered on the list of the French National Medical Council in "maxillofacial surgery and stomatology"...

The current study presents the development and the initial validation of a new questionnaire to assess individual differences in emotional and relational aspects related to cybersex activities (i.e., the ERACA). A total of 246 adults (105 females, mean age = 31.89 years, SD = 10.03) coming from the general adult population participated in the study. The items of the ERACA were developed considering the extant literature, and an exploratory factor analysis approach indicated a three-factor structure (i.e., the gratification of the Self through the objectification of other people, the gratification of the Self through relational aspects, betrayal, and infidelity)...

Although unsafe abortions are preventable, they are one of the leading causes of maternal mortality and morbidity. Despite the serious potential health consequences, there is limited published information about drivers and challenges of obtaining abortions in restrictive settings such as Uganda. This limits efforts to improve programing for preventing unsafe abortion and providing comprehensive post abortion care. This study sought to understand the drivers and explain the lived abortion experiences among women from central Uganda, in an effort to promote greater access to safe reproductive healthcare services, and reduce unsafe abortions...