Cold induced vasodilation

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0122592.].

BACKGROUND: Cold-induced vasodilation (CIVD) is a phenomenon that refers to a paradoxical increase in finger temperature that sometimes occurs during cold exposure. The aim of this study was to compare CIVD responses between women and men, during exposure to different environmental conditions. METHODS: Seven men and seven women participated in a matched controlled study consisting of a familiarization protocol followed by three experimental sessions (cool (10.8 °C WBGT), thermoneutral (17...

BACKGROUND: Nicorandil, an adenosine triphosphate-sensitive potassium channel agonist and nitric oxide donor, is a coronary vasodilator used to treat ischemia-induced chest pain, but it's potential cardioprotective benefits during open heart surgery have not been thoroughly investigated. The study objective was to assess the impact of nicorandil on postoperative ventricular dysfunction and end-organ injury in an established experimental model of open-heart surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) and cardioplegic arrest...

Sugar-free carbonated water is consumed worldwide. The consumption of carbonated water is high in summer, when the heat loss responses of sweating and skin vasodilation are activated, and thermal perceptions (thermal sensation and comfort) and mood states are negatively modulated. However, whether ingesting carbonated water under ambient heat exposure modulates cerebral blood flow index, heat loss responses, thermal perceptions, and mood states remains to be determined. In this study, 17 healthy, habitually active, young adults (eight women) ingested 4 °C noncarbonated or carbonated water under 37 °C ambient heat-stressed resting conditions...

Hyperthermia impairs physical performance and, when prolonged, results in heat stroke or other illnesses. While extensive research has investigated the effectiveness of various cooling strategies, including cold water immersion and ice-suit, there has been little work focused on overcoming the cutaneous vasoconstriction response to external cold stimulation, which can reduce the effectiveness of these treatments. Over-the-counter (OTC) topical analgesics have been utilized for the treatment of muscle pain for decades; however, to date no research has examined the possibility of taking advantage of their vasodilatory functions in the context of skin cooling...

BACKGROUND: The in-vivo regulation of vascular conductance (VC) is a continuous balance between endothelial vasodilation and sympathetic vasoconstriction. Although women may report blunted sympathetic vasoconstriction along with higher endothelial vasodilation than men, it is currently unknown whether the interaction between vasoconstriction and vasodilation leads to different regulation of VC between sexes. This study assessed sex differences in sympathetic-mediated blunting of endothelial vasodilation after a brief period of ischemia and whether any restriction of vasodilation blunts tissue blood flow (BF) and re-oxygenation...

INTRODUCTION: Adrenoceptor and endothelin (ET) receptor-mediated vasoconstriction as well as endothelium-dependent vasodilation of human saphenous veins were compared before and after 20 h of cold storage. METHODS: Contractile responses to potassium chloride (KCl), norepinephrine (NE), and ET-1 as well as vasodilator responses to acetylcholine (ACh) were evaluated. RESULTS: Storage in HEPES-supplemented Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium (HDMEM) diminished KCl induced contractile forces to 71% (p = 0...

Background: Sympathetic stimulation of central arteries, such as coronary and carotid arteries, cause vasodilation in healthy subjects, but vasoconstriction in those with increased cardiovascular risk. This study compared vasoreactivity to sympathetic stimulation between abdominal aorta and carotid artery in healthy young individuals (young group, n = 20), in patients with abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA group, n = 20) and in a healthy older group, age- and gender matched with AAA group (matched group, n = 18)...

BACKGROUND: Cold-induced vasodilation (CIVD) is a cyclical rise in blood flow to glabrous skin that occurs during cold exposure of the extremities. Nitric oxide (NO) is a proposed mediator of the CIVD response through active vasodilation and/or withdrawal of sympathetic vascular smooth muscle tone. Dietary flavanols augment bioavailable NO by upregulating NO synthase, the main source of NO in the vasculature, and by enhancing removal of reactive oxygen species that are known to breakdown NO...

INTRODUCTION: Aging is associated with increased sympathetic nerve activity (SNA) and reduced vasoreactivity. Cold pressor test (CPT) increases SNA and may thus counteract exercise-induced local vasodilation. We tested the hypothesis that older adults would exhibit less vasoreactivity following acute rhythmic handgrip (HG) exercise coupled with CPT compared to young adults. METHODS: Twenty older adults (60 ± 5 yrs; 10F) and 12 young adults (24 ± 4 yrs; 6F) underwent a bed study of 5-min baseline, 4-min 40% MVC rhythmic HG, 2-min CPT superimposed with HG (HG+CPT), and 5-min recovery...

We sought to examine whether short-term, whole body cold acclimation would modulate finger vasoreactivity and thermosensitivity to localized cooling. Fourteen men were equally assigned to either the experimental (CA) or the control (CON) group. The CA group was immersed to the chest in 14°C water for ≤120 min daily over a 5-day period while the skin temperature of the right-hand fingers was clamped at ∼35.5°C. The CON group was instructed to avoid any cold exposure during this period...

The febrile response to resist a pathogen is energetically expensive while regulated hypothermia seems to preserve energy for vital functions. We hypothesized here that immune challenged birds under metabolic trade-offs (reduced energy supply / increased energy demand) favor a regulated hypothermic response at the expense of fever. To test this hypothesis, we compared 5-days old broiler chicks exposed to fasting, cold (25oC), and fasting combined with cold to a control group fed at thermoneutral condition (30oC)...

PURPOSE: Malignant hyperthermia (MH) is a hypermetabolic disorder that can occur in genetically susceptible individuals exposed to halogenated anesthetics and succinylcholine. Spinal cord injury (SCI) above the sixth thoracic vertebra is associated with dysfunction of the sympathetic/parasympathetic nervous pathways, including thermoregulatory dysfunction, presenting as hypothermia in cold environments because of vasodilation and heat loss. This effect could mitigate or obscure an MH episode...

PURPOSE: It has been reported that the cold-induced vasodilation (CIVD) response can be trained using either regular local cold stimulation or exercise training. The present study investigated whether repeated exposure to environmental stressors, known to improve aerobic performance (heat and/or hypoxia), could also provide benefit to the CIVD response. METHODS: Forty male participants undertook three 10-day acclimation protocols including daily exercise training: heat acclimation (HeA; daily exercise training at an ambient temperature, Ta  = 35 °C), combined heat and hypoxic acclimation (HeA/HypA; daily exercise training at Ta  = 35 °C, while confined to a simulated altitude of ~ 4000 m) and exercise training in normoxic thermoneutral conditions (NorEx; no environmental stressors)...

The total damage inflicted on the liver before transplantation is associated with several surgical manipulations, such as organ recovery, washout of the graft, cold conservation in organ preservation solutions (UW, Celsior, HTK, IGL-1), and rinsing of the organ before implantation. Polyethylene glycol 35 (PEG35) is the oncotic agent present in the IGL-1 solution, which is an alternative to UW and Celsior solutions in liver clinical transplantation. In a model of cold preservation in rats (4 °C; 24 h), we evaluated the effects induced by PEG35 on detoxifying enzymes and nitric oxide, comparing IGL-1 to IGL-0 (which is the same as IGL-1 without PEG)...

Recent studies have revealed that rodents' physiological responses to low-intensity radiofrequency (RF) electromagnetic fields were similar to thermoregulatory responses to cold conditions. The primary autonomic response to cold exposure is peripheral vasoconstriction that allows rodents to reduce heat loss and maintain a relatively constant internal body temperature. In the present study, we investigated the effects of 900 MHz RF at a low level (SAR of 0.35 W/kg) on tail skin temperature (Ttail ) in rats...

This study was designed to identify the effects of a 12 hr nicotine patch administration on cold induced vasodilation (CIVD) in healthy young chronic smokers following 16 hours of abstinence from smoking. Two laser Doppler probes and temperature thermocouples were placed on the dorsal part of the distal phalanx of the middle and ring fingers of 7 smokers (>12 cigarettes/day). Following 16-hour of abstinence from smoking, smokers were tested with and without administration of a 21 mg transdermal nicotine patch (NicoDerm®) ...

Herein we report in a sample of healthy young men ( n = 14) and women ( n = 12) that hyperinsulinemia induces time-dependent decreases in total peripheral resistance and its contribution to the maintenance of blood pressure. In the same participants, we observe profound vasodilatory effects of insulin in the lower limb despite concomitant activation of the sympathetic nervous system. We hypothesized that this prominent peripheral vasodilation is possibly due to the ability of the leg vasculature to escape sympathetic vasoconstriction during systemic insulin stimulation...

KEY POINTS: The costs associated with immune and thermal responses may exceed its benefits to the host during severe inflammation. In this case, regulated hypothermia instead of fever can occur in rodents as a beneficial strategy to conserve energy for vital functions with consequent tissue protection and hypoxia prevention. We tested the hypothesis that this phenomenon is not exclusive to mammals, but extends to the other endothermic group, birds. A decrease in metabolic rate without any failure in mitochondrial respiration nor in oxygen delivery is the main evidence supporting the regulated nature of endotoxin-induced hypothermia in chicks...

Aim: To evaluate the utility of noninvasive electrocardiometry (ICON®) for hemodynamic categorization and assessment of fluid responsiveness in pediatric septic shock. Materials and methods: Pilot prospective observational study in a 12-bedded tertiary pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) in children aged between 2 months and 16 years with unresolved septic shock after a 20 mL/kg fluid bolus. Those with cardiac index (CI) <3.3 L/min/m2 and systemic vascular resistance index (SVRI) >1600 dyn sec/cm5 /m2 were classified as vasoconstrictive shock-electrocardiometry (VCEC) and those with CI >5...