Biomechanics gait

BACKGROUND: Clinical gait analysis (CGA) is a systematic approach to comprehensively evaluate gait patterns, quantify impairments, plan targeted interventions, and evaluate the impact of interventions. However, international standards for CGA are currently lacking, resulting in various national initiatives. Standards are important to ensure safe and effective healthcare practices and to enable evidence-based clinical decision-making, facilitating interoperability, and reimbursement under national healthcare policies...

OBJECTIVE: Peroneus Longus Tendon (PLT), a viable anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) graft, shares similar biomechanics, making it suitable for reconstruction. Controversy exists over whether PLT transplants affects the donor ankle joint. The purpose of this study was to examine the recovery of knee joint function following arthroscopic ACL restoration using autologous PLT and its influence on the donor ankle joint. METHODS: A retrospective analysis was conducted on 65 patients with ACL rupture who underwent PLT graft reconstruction in our hospital from January 2016 to December 2021...

Inertial Measurement Units (IMUs) have been proposed as an ecological alternative to optoelectronic systems for obtaining human body joint kinematics. Tremendous work has been done to reduce differences between kinematics obtained with IMUs and optoelectronic systems, by improving sensor-to-segment calibration, fusion algorithms, and by using Multibody Kinematics Optimization (MKO). However, these improvements seem to reach a barrier, particularly on transverse and frontal planes. Inspired by marker-based MKO approach performed via OpenSim, this study proposes to test whether IMU redundancy with MKO could improve lower-limb kinematics obtained from IMUs...

INTRODUCTION: The intact foot and ankle comprise a complex set of joints that allow rotation in multiple planes of motion. Some of these motions are coupled, meaning rotation in one plane induces motion in another. One such coupling is between the sagittal and transverse planes. For every step, plantar- and dorsi-flexion motion is coupled with external and internal rotation of the shank relative to the foot, respectively. There is no prosthetic foot available for prescription that mimics this natural coupling...

Intersegmental coordination (ISC) of lower limbs and planar covariation law (PCL) are important phenomena observed in biomechanics of human walking and other activities. Gait perturbations tend to cause deviation from the expected ISC pattern thus violating PCL. We used a data set of seven subjects, who experienced unexpected slips, to investigate and characterize the evolution of ISC during slip recoveries and falls. We have analyzed and presented the development of ISC patterns, encompassing the step preceding the slip initiation and duration of slip until it stops...

Outdoor gait-training has been successful in improving pain and reducing contact time during outdoor running for runners with exercise-related lower leg pain (ERLLP). However, it is unclear if these adaptations translate to gold standard treadmill running and clinical strength assessments. The study purpose was to assess the influence of a 4-week outdoor gait-training intervention with home exercises (FBHE) on treadmill running biomechanics and lower extremity strength compared to home exercises alone (HE) among runners with ERLLP...

Whole-body angular momentum (WBAM) represents the cancellations of angular momenta that are produced during a reciprocal gait pattern. WBAM is sensitive to small changes and is used to compare dynamic gait patterns under different walking conditions. Study designs and the normalization techniques used to define WBAM vary and make comparisons between studies difficult. To address this problem, WBAM about each anatomical axis of rotation from a healthy control population during normal gait were investigated within four metrics: 1) range of WBAM, 2) integrated WBAM, 3) statistical parametric mapping (SPM), and 4) principal component analysis (PCA)...

OBJECTIVE: To compare clinical measures between patients with chronic exertional compartment syndrome (CECS) and healthy controls and evaluate running biomechanics, physical measurements, and exertional intracompartmental (ICP) changes in adolescent athletes with lower leg CECS. DESIGN: Cross-sectional case-control study. SETTING: Large tertiary care hospital and affiliated injury prevention center. PARTICIPANTS: Forty-nine adolescents with CECS (39 F, 10 M; age: 16...

The elderly population is growing rapidly in the world and falls are becoming a big problem for society. Currently, clinical assessments of gait and posture include functional evaluations, objective, and subjective scales. They are considered the gold standard to indicate optimal mobility and performance individually, but their sensitivity and specificity are not good enough to predict who is at higher risk of falling. An innovative approach for fall prediction is the machine learning. Machine learning is a computer-science area that uses statistics and optimization methods in a large amount of data to make outcome predictions...

Hip dislocation is one of the leading causes of failure and revision surgery for total hip arthroplasty. To reduce dislocation rates, lipped liners have been designed with an elevated portion of the rim, to increase jump distance and maintain greater contact area. While it has been documented that lipped liners help reduce dislocation, the objective of this study is to investigate whether lipped liners also help reduce smaller instances of hip micromotion, separation, and edge loading. This study uses an advanced three-dimensional preoperative planning tool to analyze 10 patients, each implanted with both a neutral and lipped liner...

In general, muscle activity can be directly measured using Electromyography (EMG) or calculated with musculoskeletal models. However, both methods are not suitable for non-technical users and unstructured environments. It is desired to establish more portable and easy-to-use muscle activity estimation methods. Deep learning (DL) models combined with inertial measurement units (IMUs) have shown great potential to estimate muscle activity. However, it frequently occurs in clinical scenarios that a very small amount of data is available and leads to limited performance of the DL models, while the augmentation techniques to efficiently expand a small sample size for DL model training are rarely used...

There is no mouse model of patellar tendinopathy. This study aimed to establish a mouse inflammatory and degenerative patellar tendon injury model, which will facilitate research on patellar tendinopathy using advanced molecular tools including transgenic models. Collagenase at different doses (low dose (LD), medium dose (MD), high dose (HD)) or saline was injected over the mouse patellar tendon. At weeks 1, 2, 4, and 8 post-injection, the tendons were harvested for histology and further examined by micro-computed tomography (microCT) imaging at week 8...

BACKGROUND: Quantitative 3D movement analysis using inertial measurement units (IMUs) allows for a more detailed characterization of motor patterns than clinical assessment alone. It is essential to discriminate between gait features that are responsive or unresponsive to current therapies to better understand the underlying pathophysiological basis and identify potential therapeutic strategies. OBJECTIVES: This study aims to characterize the responsiveness and temporal evolution of different gait subcomponents in Parkinson's disease (PD) patients in their OFF and various ON states following levodopa administration, utilizing both wearable sensors and the gold-standard MDS-UPDRS motor part III...

Time series biomechanical data inform our understanding of normal gait mechanics and pathomechanics. This study examines the utility of different quantitative methods to distinguish vertical ground reaction forces (VGRFs) from experimentally distinct gait strategies. The goals of this study are to compare measures of VGRF data-using the shape factor method and a Fourier series-based analysis-to (1) describe how these methods reflect and distinguish gait patterns and (2) determine which Fourier series coefficients discriminate normal walking, with a relatively stiff-legged gait, from compliant walking, using deep knee flexion and limited vertical oscillation...

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This study estimated the contribution of the midfoot joint complex (MJC) kinematics to the pelvis anterior-posterior positions during the stance phase of walking and investigated whether the MJC is functionally coordinated with the lower limb joints to maintain similar pelvic positions across steps. Hip, knee, ankle, and MJC sagittal angles were measured in 11 nondisabled participants during walking. The joints' contributions to pelvic positions were computed through equations derived from a link-segment model...

PURPOSE: High body mass index (BMI) is a strong predictor of post-traumatic osteoarthritis (OA) after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR). Altered gait mechanics are independently affected by BMI and ACLR, and influence OA risk. Yet, evidence directly assessing the impact of high BMI on gait or cartilage characteristics after ACLR are limited. Here, we evaluated if high BMI moderates associations between gait and trochlear cartilage structure in individuals with ACLR. METHODS: Treadmill walking biomechanics were evaluated in forty normal BMI and twenty-four high BMI participants with ACLR at self-selected speeds...

BACKGROUND: High tibial osteotomy is an established surgical option for medial compartment osteoarthritis of the knee with varus alignment. It can be divided into open wedge and closing wedge by operative technique. Although they have fundamental differences, little is known about the biomechanical consequences of the two surgical methods. METHODS: Thirty-eight patients with medial compartment osteoarthritis who underwent high tibial osteotomy (19 open-wedge and 19 closing-wedge) were retrospectively reviewed...

Accurate measurements of hip joint kinematics are essential for improving our understanding of the effects of injury, disease, and surgical intervention on long-term hip joint health. This study assessed the accuracy of conventional motion capture (MoCap) for measuring hip joint center (HJC) location and hip joint angles during gait, squat, and step-up activities while using dynamic biplane radiography (DBR) as the reference standard. Twenty-four young adults performed six trials of treadmill walking, six body-weight squats, and six step-ups within a biplane radiography system...

Persons with Parkinson's disease experience gait alterations, such as reduced step length. Gait dysfunction is a significant research priority as the current treatments targeting gait impairment are limited. This study aimed to investigate the effects of visual biofeedback on propulsive force during treadmill walking in persons with Parkinson's. Sixteen ambulatory persons with Parkinson's participated in the study. They received real-time biofeedback of anterior ground reaction force during treadmill walking at a constant speed...