Bronchitis antibiotics

BACKGROUND: Antimicrobial resistance is a worldwide phenomenon that leads to a significant number of unnecessary deaths and costly hospital admissions. More than 90% of antibiotic use happens in the community and of this, family physicians account for two-thirds of these prescriptions. Our study aims to determine whether family medicine residents are optimally trained in antibiotic prescribing for common infectious conditions seen in a primary care setting. METHODS: This study is a secondary analysis of a prior study of antimicrobial stewardship in two urban primary care clinics in central Toronto, Ontario...

INTRODUCTION: The colonization of the oral cavity by potentially pathogenic antimicrobial-resistant bacteria in adolescents and its consequences is very poorly understood. The present study focused on the occurrence of oral colonization by Gram-negative bacilli (GNB) and their multidrug resistance, including the production of extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) and carbapenemases, among healthy adolescents and risk factors associated with GNB colonization. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study was conducted as part of "A program for the early detection of risk factors for lifestyle diseases SOPKARD-Junior" (SOPKARD-Junior)...

BACKGROUND: Despite research and efforts to mitigate bacterial resistance, antibiotic overprescribing continues to occur, often due to real or perceived expectations of patients.  Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine: (1) if there's an association between the provider's patient education efforts and the patient's satisfaction, and (2) the research participant's subsequent behavior concerning antibiotic prescriptions, by utilizing the Stewardship Through Educating Patients (S...

RATIONALE: Staphylococcus argenteus (S argenteus) is a novel and emerging species that is part of the Staphylococcus aureus (S aureus) complex. Fatal cases of bloodstream infection caused by S argenteus are rarely reported and should be considered in medical practice. PATIENT CONCERNS: A 44-year-old male was admitted to our hospital with reduced appetite, high fever and unconsciousness. Laboratory tests indicated infection, muscle damage, and alkalosis in the patient...

Background : Little is known about the recent trends in antibiotic and phytopharmaceutical prescribing for acute upper (URIs) and lower respiratory tract infections (LRIs) in children and adolescents. Therefore, this study investigated changes in the prescription of antibiotics and phytopharmaceuticals in children diagnosed with acute URIs and LRIs in pediatric practices in Germany in 2013, 2018, and 2022. Methods : The present retrospective study included children aged 2-12 years diagnosed with acute URIs or LRIs in one of 180 pediatric practices in 2013, 2018, and 2022...

OBJECTIVES: Physician pay-for-performance (P4P) programs frequently target inappropriate antibiotics. Yet little is known about P4P programs' effects on antibiotic prescribing among safety-net populations at risk for unintended harms from reducing care. We evaluated effects of P4P-motivated interventions to reduce antibiotic prescriptions for safety-net patients with acute respiratory tract infections (ARTIs). STUDY DESIGN: Interrupted time series. METHODS: A nonrandomized intervention (5/28/2015-2/1/2018) was conducted at 2 large academic safety-net hospitals: Los Angeles County+University of Southern California (LAC+USC) and Olive View-UCLA (OV-UCLA)...

BACKGROUND: Estimates of inappropriate prescribing can highlight key target areas for antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) and inform national targets. OBJECTIVES: To (1) define and (2) produce estimates of inappropriate antibiotic prescribing levels within acute hospital trusts in England. METHODS: The 2016 national Healthcare-Associated Infections (HAI), Antimicrobial Use (AMU) and AMS point prevalence survey (PPS) was used to derive estimates of inappropriate prescribing, focussing on the four most reported community-acquired antibiotic indications (CAI) in the PPS and surgical prophylaxis...

BACKGROUND: Antibiotic overuse in children is a significant public health concern, as it can lead to the emergence and spread of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Although respiratory infections account for most antibiotic prescriptions in children, many of these infections are viral and do not require antibiotics. In this study, we aimed to investigate the use of antibiotics in children with respiratory infections in a primary care setting and to explore the possible role of fever on antibiotic prescription...

BACKGROUND: Lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs) and community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) are among the most frequent reasons for referrals to the pediatric emergency department (PED). The aim of this study is to describe the management of antibiotic prescription in febrile children with LRTI or CAP admitted to a third-level PED and to investigate the different variables that can guide physicians in this decision-making. METHODS: This is an observational, retrospective, monocentric study including patients < 14 years old who were presented to the PED for a febrile LRTI or CAP during the first six months of the year 2017...

Lower respiratory tract infections (LRTI) encompass a wide range of clinical syndromes, prominently including bronchiolitis, bronchitis and pneumonia. LRTIs are the second leading cause of antibiotic prescriptions. The vast majority of these infections are due to (or triggered by) viruses and are self-limited diseases. Pneumonia in children is responsible for significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. For clinicians, one of the main difficulties consists in diagnosing pneumonia in febrile children with (or without) cough...

BACKGROUND: Increasing studies have shown that the imbalance of the respiratory microbial flora is related to the occurrence of COPD, the severity and frequency of exacerbations and mortality.However, it remains unclear how the sputum microbial flora differs during exacerbations in COPD patients manifesting emphysema phenotype, chronic bronchitis with emphysema phenotype and asthma-COPD overlap phenotype. METHODS: Sputum samples were obtained from 29 COPD patients experiencing acute exacerbations who had not received antibiotics or systemic corticosteroids within the past four weeks...

BACKGROUND: The appropriateness of antibiotic use for acute respiratory infections (ARIs) in Chinese primary healthcare facilities (PHFs) remained uncertain. We aimed to evaluate to what degree antibiotic prescribing for ARIs were aligned with guideline recommendations in primary settings across China. METHODS: We collected outpatient prescriptions from 262 Chinese PHFs in 27 cities of six provinces between 2017 and 2019. The appropriate antibiotic prescribing was defined as prescribing antibiotic classes that were recommended by Chinese clinical guidelines, if patients were prescribed antibiotics...

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Asthma is a chronic airway inflammatory disease that can lead to several complications caused by bacterial infections. However, recurrent attacks of the disease require long-term use of antibiotics, resulting in lung dysbiosis and poor outcomes. Daqing Formula (DQF) is a well-known herbal medicine in Pharmacopoeia of China, which is widely used for various stimuli-induced lower respiratory diseases, including asthma, bronchitis, and pneumonia. Thus, it has been demonstrated to be a plant-derived broad-spectrum antibiotic for treating and preventing various acute and chronic respiratory diseases...

Antibiotics represent an essential pillar in the treatment of respiratory infections (RI). Overuse of antibiotics in avoidable cases and inappropriate application in bacterial infections facilitate treatment resistance, threatening their effectiveness and causing a significant healthcare challenge. We therefore assessed the savings potential for antibiotics in ambulant care of selected RI (bronchitis and cough, pharyngitis, rhinosinusitis) in several European countries based on market research data for the year 2019...

When imaging (i.e., chest-x-ray or computed tomography) is used to differentiate between acute bronchitis and pneumonia, many patients are being prescribed antibiotics despite the absence of radiographic pneumonia signs. This study of lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs) with negative chest imaging compares cases where antibiotics were prescribed and not prescribed to find characteristics that could explain the prescription. Data were extracted from the regional electronic medical record system in Kronoberg County, Sweden, for patients aged 18-79 years diagnosed with acute bronchitis or pneumonia and who had any chest radiologic imaging between 2007-2014...

UNLABELLED: This study aimed to evaluate antibiotic prescriptions for children with lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI) in public and private primary care clinics and in a hospital's pediatric emergency department (PED) in 2012-2013 (pre-guideline) and in 2014-2015 (post-guideline). Special attention was paid to guideline compliance, especially regarding macrolide prescriptions, which the guidelines discourage. Retrospective data of 1431 children with LRTI in November-December 2012-2015 were collected from electronic registers and checked manually...

Bronchiectasis is a pathologic state of conducting airways manifested radiographically by evidence of bronchial dilation and clinically by chronic productive cough. Considered an "orphan disease" for long, it remains a major contributor to morbidity and mortality in both developed and underdeveloped countries. With the advances in the medical field accompanied by widespread access to vaccines and antibiotics, improved health services and better access to nutrition, the incidences of bronchiectasis have markedly decreased, particularly in developed countries...

BACKGROUND: Plastic bronchitis (PB) is a rare and severe lung disease. It can be triggered by influenza virus infection, which is a common respiratory infection in children. Bronchoscopy can aid in the early detection and treatment of PB. However, the outcomes and risk for PB development in pediatric patients with influenza virus infection are not fully understood. METHODS: Data from 321 children diagnosed with influenza virus pneumonia who underwent bronchoscopy examinations between 1st January, 2009 and 31st December, 2020 were retrospectively analyzed to assess the outcomes and risk factors associated with PB development...

BACKGROUND: The over prescription of antibiotics for acute respiratory infections is a major public health problem worldwide. AIM: To evaluate the frequency of prescription of antibiotics for non-pneumonia acute respiratory infections in private outpatient clinics in individuals without chronic diseases or immunosuppression. MATERIAL AND METHODS: All medical records of adult consultants in a national network of private ambulatory medical centers during May 2018 whose primary diagnosis corresponded to acute respiratory infections not pneumonia (ICD10) were identified and retrospectively analyzed, excluding those with chronic respiratory conditions or states of immunosuppression...

Lower respiratory tract infections (LRTI) are frequently the reasons for patients to visit their general practitioners or lung specialists; however, physicians tend to prescribe antibiotics less frequently than necessary. A readily available biomarker could help distinguish between viral and bacterial cause of LRTI. The primary objective of our study was to determine the diagnostic accuracy of point-of-care testing (POCT) of procalcitonin (PCT) in identifying bacterial pneumonia in outpatients with LRTI. All patients aged 18 years or older with signs and symptoms of LRTI who visited a respiratory physician were included in the study and their PCT levels were measured...