electro diagnosis

Electrochemiluminescence (ECL) is a luminescence production technique triggered by electrochemistry, which has emerged as a powerful analytical technique in bioanalysis and clinical diagnosis. During ECL, charge transfer (CT) is an important process between electrochemical excitation and luminescent emission, and dramatically affects the efficiency of exciton generation, playing a pivotal role in the light-emitting properties of nanomaterials. Reticular framework materials with intramolecular/intermolecular interactions offer a promising platform for regulating CT pathways and enhancing luminescence efficiency...

X-linked epilepsies are a heterogeneous group of epileptic conditions, which often overlap with X-linked intellectual disability. To date, various X-linked genes responsible for epilepsy syndromes and/or developmental and epileptic encephalopathies have been recognized. The electro-clinical phenotype is well described for some genes in which epilepsy represents the core symptom, while less phenotypic details have been reported for other recently identified genes. In this review, we comprehensively describe the main features of both X-linked epileptic syndromes thoroughly characterized to date ( PCDH19 -related DEE, CDKL5 -related DEE, MECP2 -related disorders), forms of epilepsy related to X-linked neuronal migration disorders (e...

Deep learning methods are increasingly being applied to raw electro-encephalogram (EEG) data. However, if these models are to be used in clinical or research contexts, methods to explain them must be developed, and if these models are to be used in research contexts, methods for combining explanations across large numbers of models must be developed to counteract the inherent randomness of existing training approaches. Model visualization-based explainability methods for EEG involve structuring a model architecture such that its extracted features can be characterized and have the potential to offer highly useful insights into the patterns that they uncover...

BACKGROUND: Traditional Common Spatial Pattern (CSP) algorithms for Electroencephalogram (EEG) signal classification are sensitive to noise and can produce low accuracy in small sample datasets. NEW METHOD: To solve the problem, an improved Empirical Mode Decomposition (EMD) Bagging Regularized CSP (RCSP) algorithm is proposed. It filters EEG signals through improved EMD, inhibits high-frequency noise, retains effective information in the characteristic frequency band, and uses Bagging algorithm for data reconstruction...

Nanobody (Nb), the smallest antibody fragments known to bind antigens, is now widely applied to various studies, including protein structure analysis, bioassay, diagnosis, and biomedicine. The traditional approach to generating specific nanobodies involves animal immunization which is time-consuming and expensive. As the understanding of the antibody repertoire accumulation, the synthetic library, which is devoid of animals, has attracted attention widely in recent years. Here, we describe a synthetic phage display library (S-Library), designed based on the systematic analysis of the next-generation sequencing (NGS) of nanobody repertoire...

The construction of assays is capable of accurately detecting cytokeratin-19 (CYFRA 21-1), which is critical for the rapid diagnosis of nonsmall cell lung cancer. In this work, a novel electrochemiluminescence (ECL) immunosensor based on the co-reaction promotion of luminol@Au@Ni-Co nanocages (NCs) as ECL probe by Ti3 C2 T x MXene@TiO2 -MoS2 hybrids as co-reaction accelerator was proposed to detect CYFRA 21-1. Ni-Co NCs, as a derivative of Prussian blue analogs, can be loaded with large quantities of Au NPs, luminol, and CYFRA 21-1 secondary antibodies due to their high specific surface area...

Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is an endocrinal disorder characterized by multiple tiny cysts, amenorrhea, dysmenorrhea, hirsutism, and infertility. The current diagnostic tools comprise of expensive, time-consuming ultrasonography to serological test, which have low patient compliance. To address these limitations, we have developed a highly sensitive, cost effective and ultrafast immunosensor for the diagnosis of PCOS. Herein, we have fabricated a 2-D electro conductive composites of reduced Graphene oxide (rGO), Molybdenum disulfide (MoS2 ), and Polyaniline (PANI) as electrode material...

Lung cancer remains the leading cause of cancer mortality worldwide. Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) accounts for 10-15% of cases and has an overall 5-years survival rate of only 15%. Neuron-specific enolase (NSE) has been identified as a useful biomarker for early SCLC diagnosis and therapeutic monitoring. This work reports an electrochemical immunosensing platform based on a graphene-graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3 N4 ) nanocomposite for ultrasensitive NSE detection. The g-C3 N4 nanosheets and graphene nanosheets were synthesized via liquid exfoliation and integrated through self-assembly to form the nanocomposite...

Nowadays, the frequent occurrence of food adulteration makes glucose detection particularly important in food safety and quality management. The quality and taste of honey are closely related to the glucose content. However, due to the drawbacks of expensive equipment, complex operating procedures, and time-consuming processes, the application scope of traditional glucose detection methods is limited. Hence, this study developed a photoelectric chemical (PEC) sensor, which is composed of a photoactive material of bismuth tungstate (Bi2 WO6 ) with titanium dioxide (TiO2 ) and glucose oxidase (GOD), for simple and rapid detection of glucose...

The treatment of advanced-stage pancreatic cancers is limited. Previous studies have found that the use of modulated electro-hyperthermia (mEHT) is beneficial in this patient population. However, there is no data on the optimal treatment number and initiation period. Therefore, a retrospective study was conducted with the inclusion of 96 mEHT-treated and 86 age- and sex-matched control pancreatic cancer patients. 76, 57, 38 and 33 patient pairs were enrolled into propensity score matched cohorts, whether they received at least 10, 20, 30 and 40 mEHT treatments, respectively...

Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are a range of diseases, pointing the functional hindrances in the heart and blood vessels of the human system that contributes to 48.6 % of the world's adult death rate. The diagnosis of CVD relies upon the Electro Cardio Gram (ECG) and detection of muscle markers such as troponins. Among the cardiac trio, Cardiac Troponin I (cTnI) weighing 23 KiloDalton (kDa) is a sorted biomarker for CVD. cTnI remains high in the blood after 1-2 weeks of myocardial damage. Testing of cTnI in CVD patients aids in diagnosis and risk stratification of the disease...

CNKSR2 variants have been associated with X linked intellectual disability and epilepsy including developmental and epileptic encephalopathy with spike wave activation in sleep (D/EE SWAS) in males. We aimed to describe a sibling pair with a novel pathogenic variant in CNKSR2 with D/EE SWAS and review published cases of D/EE SWAS. A retrospective chart review and a comprehensive review of the literature were conducted. Two brothers with a novel pathogenic variant in the CNKSR2 gene (c. 114delG, p.Ile39SerfsX14) were identified...

SIGNIFICANCE: Carriers of ocular albinism demonstrate signs of retinal mosaicism with unique features on fundus autofluorescence testing, which differentiate this condition from other x-linked retinal disorders in carrier patients. Distinctive findings include a mud-splattered fundus with peripheral hyperpigmented streaks, which correlate with areas of hyperautofluorescence and hypoautofluorescence. PURPOSE: This is the first reported case series of a family that demonstrates diagnostic retinal and fundus autofluorescence abnormalities related to retinal mosaicism in three sisters who were unaware they were carriers of ocular albinism type 1...

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate clinical characteristics and long-term outcomes in patients with guanidinoacetate methyltransferase (GAMT) deficiency with a special emphasis on seizures and electroencephalography (EEG) findings. METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed the clinical and molecular characteristics, seizure types, EEG findings, neuroimaging features, clinical severity scores, and treatment outcomes in six patients diagnosed with GAMT deficiency. RESULTS: Median age at presentation and diagnosis were 11...

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a common, prevalent neurodegenerative disease. It is mainly characterized by motor symptoms such as rigidity, tremors, and bradykinesia, but it can also manifest with non-motor symptoms, of which depression is the most frequent. The latter can impair the quality of life, yet it gets overlooked and goes untreated because of the significant overlap in their clinical features, hence making the diagnosis difficult. Furthermore, there is limited data on the availability of appropriate criteria for making the diagnosis of depression in PD patients, as it can occur with varying expressions throughout the course of PD or it can also precede it...

PURPOSE: Around 11% of patients with absence epilepsy develop drug-resistant absence epilepsy (DRAE), and are at increased risk for developing psychiatric and neurologic comorbidities. Current therapeutic options for DRAE are limited. The purpose of this study was to assess the efficacy of vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) in treating DRAE. METHODS: Our institution maintains a database of patients who received VNS between 2010 and 2022. We identified DRAE patients who were <18 years of age at seizure onset, were electro-clinically diagnosed with an absence epilepsy syndrome (childhood absence, juvenile absence, or Jeavons Syndrome) by an epileptologist, and had normal brain imaging...

This study proposes using magnetically induced currents in medical infrared imaging to increase the temperature contrast due to the electrical conductivity differences between tumors and healthy tissues. There are two objectives: (1) to investigate the feasibility of this active method for surface and deep tumors using numerical simulations, and (2) to demonstrate the use of this method through different experiments conducted with phantoms that mimic breast tissues. Tumorous breasts were numerically modeled and simulated in active and passive modes...

The use of electrical equipment for herding and moving livestock (electric batons) or for stunning animals before slaughter (electric stunners) is widespread in the livestock and meat industries worldwide. The use of these equipment is restricted to specific procedures and/or exceptional circumstances that justify their rational use. However, these restrictions can be underestimated or disregarded due to ignorance, inexperience, incompetence or irresponsibility on the part of users, resulting in pain and suffering to the animals and, in some cases, electro-thermal injury...

On-site diagnostic tests that accurately identify disease biomarkers lay the foundation for self-healthcare applications. However, these tests routinely rely on single-mode signals and suffer from insufficient accuracy, especially for multiplexed point-of-care tests within a few minutes. Here, we develop a dual-mode multi-classification diagnostic platform that integrates an electrochemiluminescence sensor and a field-effect transistor sensor in a microfluidic chip. The microfluidic channel guides the testing samples to flow across electro-optical sensor units, which produce dual-mode readouts by detecting infectious biomarkers of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, human rhinovirus, and group B streptococcus...

Rapid and label-free detection of very low concentrations of biomarkers in disease diagnosis or therapeutic drug monitoring is essential to prevent disease progression in Point of Care Testing. For this purpose, we propose a multi-purpose optical Bio-Micro-Electro-Mechanical-System (BioMEMS) sensing platform which can precisely measure very small changes of biomolecules concentrations in plasma-like buffer samples. This is realized by the development of an interferometric detection method on highly sensitive MEMS transducers (cantilevers)...