Place cells

PURPOSE: Tube exposure remains one of the most common complications after glaucoma drainage device (GDD) implantation, despite various types of patch grafts available today. We present a 4 patient case series following the effectivity of the keratolimbal allograft (KLAL) as a patch graft for cases of tube exposure. Given its inherent population of stem cells, our hypothesis was that this highly replicative, biological tissue would provide an adequate means of glaucoma tube coverage. The subset of patients chosen for the KLAL patch graft all had a history of abnormally scarred conjunctiva or thin sclera...

RNAi-based therapeutic approaches to combat cancer and other diseases are currently an area of great interest. However, practical applications of this approach rely on optimal tools to carry and deliver siRNA to the desired site. Oxime ether lipids (OELs) are a class of molecules among other various carriers being examined for siRNA delivery. OELs, relatively new candidates, belong to a class of non-glycerol based lipids and have begun to claim their place as an siRNA delivery carrier in the field of RNAi therapy...

Among all the brain, the hippocampus is the most susceptible region to ischemic lesion, with the highest vulnerability of CA1 pyramidal neurons to ischemic damage. This damage may cause either prompt neuronal death (within hours) or with a delayed appearance (over days), providing a window for applying potential therapies to reduce or prevent ischemic impairments. However, the time course when ischemic damage turns to neuronal death strictly depends on experimental modeling of cerebral ischemia and, up to now, studies were predominantly focused on a short time-window-from hours to up to a few days post-lesion...

The mammalian α1,6-fucosyltransferase (FUT8) catalyzes the core fucosylation of N-glycans in the biosynthesis of glycoproteins. Previously, intensive in vitro studies with crude extract or purified enzyme concluded that the attachment of a GlcNAc on the α1,3 mannose arm of N-glycan is essential for FUT8 catalyzed core fucosylation. In contrast, we have recently shown that expression of erythropoietin (EPO) in a GnTI-knockout, FUT8 overexpressing cell line results in the production of fully core-fucosylated glycoforms of the oligomannose substrate Man5GlcNAc2, suggesting that FUT8 can catalyze core fucosylation of N-glycans lacking an α1,3arm GlcNAc in cells...

Despite use of newer approaches, some patients being considered for autologous hematopoietic cell transplantation may mobilize limited numbers of hematopoietic progenitor cells into blood, precluding use of the procedure, or being placed at increased risk for complications due to slow hematopoietic reconstitution. Developing more efficacious hematopoietic progenitor cell mobilization regimens and strategies may enhance the mobilization process and improve patient outcome. Although Notch signaling is dispensable for homeostasis of adult hematopoietic stem cells, Notch-ligand adhesive interaction maintains hematopoietic stem cell quiescence and niche retention...

Objective: To evaluate the clinical outcomes of Descemet's membrane endothelial keratoplasty (DMEK) for treatment of patients with corneal endothelial decompensation in China. Methods: Interventional case series. Ten patients (10 eyes) with the diagnosis of corneal endothelial decompensation received DMEK during July 2016 and September 2016 in Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center. Descemet's membrane of the donor tissue was carefully stripped from the underlying stroma manually and cut with a 7.75- or 8.0-mm-diameter donor punch...

Background The reliability of intraoperative evaluation of ganglion cells in the appendix as a guide to a diagnosis of total colonic aganglionosis is unclear. Objective To evaluate the diagnostic utility of appendicular innervation in colonic Hirschsprung disease (HD) and TCA. Methods Prospective, systematic study of ganglion cells and the neural plexii in appendices from cases (HD and TCA) and age matched controls with frozen and paraffin sections, rapid acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and immunohistochemistry...

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE: Focal cryotherapy emerged as an efficient option to treat favorable and localized prostate cancer (PCa). The purpose of this video is to describe the procedure step by step. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We present the case of a 68 year-old man with localized PCa in the anterior aspect of the prostate. RESULTS: The procedure is performed under general anesthesia, with the patient in lithotomy position. Briefly, the equipament utilized includes the cryotherapy console coupled with an ultrasound system, argon and helium gas bottles, cryoprobes, temperature probes and an urethral warming catheter...

Disclaimer: ACMG Clinical Laboratory Practice Resources are developed primarily as an educational tool for clinical laboratory geneticists to help them provide quality clinical laboratory genetic services. Adherence to these practice resources is voluntary and does not necessarily assure a successful medical outcome. This Clinical Laboratory Practice Resource should not be considered inclusive of all proper procedures and tests or exclusive of other procedures and tests that are reasonably directed to obtaining the same results...

Sorcin is a calcium binding protein that plays an important role in multidrug resistance (MDR) in tumors, since its expression confers resistance to doxorubicin and to other chemotherapeutic drugs. In this study, we show that Sorcin is able to bind doxorubicin, vincristine, paclitaxel and cisplatin directly and with high affinity. The high affinity binding of doxorubicin to sorcin has been demonstrated with different techniques, that is, surface plasmon resonance, fluorescence titration and X-ray diffraction...

In the last 10 years, the microbial fuel cell (MFC) has been extensively studied worldwide to extract energy from wastewater via electricity generation. More recently, a merged technique of embedding MFC into a constructed wetland (CW) has been developed and appears to be increasingly investigated. The driving force to integrate these two technologies lies in the fact that CWs naturally possess a redox gradient (depending on flow direction and wetland depth), which is required by MFCs as anaerobic anode and aerobic cathode chambers...

Pyroptosis is a form of cell death important in defenses against pathogens, but which can also result in a potent and sometimes pathological inflammatory response. During pyroptosis, gasdermin D (GSDMD), the pore-forming effector protein, is cleaved, forms oligomers, and inserts into the membranes of the cell, resulting in rapid cell death. However, the potent cell death induction caused by GSDMD has complicated our ability to understand the biology of this protein. Studies aimed at visualizing GSDMD have relied on expression of GSDMD fragments in epithelial cell lines that naturally lack GSDMD expression and also lack the proteases necessary to cleave GSDMD...

INTRODUCTION: Obesity is associated with numerous health problems, particularly metabolic and cardiovascular complications. This study aimed to assess the effects that, nine months of pharmacological intervention with orlistat or sibutramine, on obese Malaysians' body weight and compositions, metabolic profiles and inflammatory marker. METHODS: Seventy-six obese subjects were randomly placed into two groups. The first group received three daily 120 mg dosages of orlistat for nine months (n=39), and the second group received a once daily 10 or 15 mg dosage of sibutramine for nine months (n=37)...

Synaptic inhibition critically influences sensory processing throughout the mammalian brain, including the main olfactory bulb (MOB), the first station of sensory processing in the olfactory system. Decades of research across numerous laboratories have established a central role for granule cells (GCs), the most abundant GABAergic interneuron type in the MOB, in the precise regulation of principal mitral and tufted cell (M/TC) firing rates and synchrony through lateral and recurrent inhibitory mechanisms. In addition to GCs, however, the MOB contains a vast diversity of other GABAergic interneuron types, and recent findings suggest that, while fewer in number, these oft-ignored interneurons are just as important as GCs in shaping odor-evoked M/TC activity...

Heat shock factor 1 (Hsf1) is transcriptionally activated following exposure of mammalian cells to environmental insults and pathological conditions. The function of Hsf1 as a protector of cells and organisms towards a range of stress stimuli has been well-documented. However, how different Hsf1 post-transcriptional modifications affect its function in vivo is not understood. Hsf1 transcriptional activity is in part regulated by phosphorylation. Hsf1 phosphorylation of amino acid residues at S303 and S307 has been shown to repress Hsf1 transcriptional activity under normal physiological growth conditions...

Freezing is one of the most widespread used preservation methods for meats including fish meat. Traditional freezing methods such as air blast freezing and cryogenic freezing could induce some quality deterioration such as damage to cell structure, increased drip loss and poor sensory value. Therefore, novel freezing methods have been developed to minimize the disadvantages of traditional freezing methods. This review describes the enhancement of quality attributes of muscle tissues frozen by novel freezing technologies, including high pressure freezing, electrically and magnetically assisted freezing, ultrasound assisted freezing and antifreeze protein...

An explicit expression, free from adjustable parameters, is derived for the effective pair interaction between charged colloidal spheres at high concentration in a medium containing an electrolyte. This is accomplished by first considering the electrostatic interaction between two infinite charged plates placed in a stack of identical plates. These act as a reservoir defining the chemical potentials of solvent and electrolyte ions in a way that depends on the plate separation in the stack. The results for the planar case are then applied to a suspension of identical charged spheres...

About one third of patients with rhabdoid tumors (RT) harbor a heterozygous germline variant in SMARCB1. Molecular diagnosis therefore keeps a crucial place in the diagnosis of RT, and genetic counseling should be systematically recommended. However, immunohistochemistry has progressively replaced molecular tools to assess the status of SMARCB1 in tumors; the necessity of analyzing SMARCB1 status in the tumor may thus be less considered by neuropathologists and pediatric neuro-oncologists. In the present manuscript as aforementioned, we report on two patients with bifocal RT in the first month of life and in whom no germline variant was initially found in the SMARCB1 coding sequence...

The concentration gradient of K(+) across the cell membrane of a neuron determines its resting potential and cell excitability. During neurotransmission, the efflux of K(+) from the cell via various channels will not only decrease the intracellular K(+) content but also elevate the extracellular K(+) concentration. However, it is not clear to what extent this change could be. In this study, we developed a multiple-parallel-connected silicon nanowire field-effect transistor (SiNW-FET) modified with K(+)-specific DNA-aptamers (aptamer/SiNW-FET) for the real-time detection of the K(+) efflux from cultured cortical neurons...

Sickle cell disease (SCD) is the most common serious genetic condition in England. According to the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE), there are an estimated 12,500 to 15,000 people with sickle cell disease in the UK.