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JOURNAL ARTICLE
Catherine Riou, Jinal N Bhiman, Yashica Ganga, Shobna Sawry, Frances Ayres, Richard Baguma, Sashkia R Balla, Ntombi Benede, Mallory Bernstein, Asiphe S Besethi, Sandile Cele, Carol Crowther, Mrinmayee Dhar, Sohair Geyer, Katherine Gill, Alba Grifoni, Tandile Hermanus, Haajira Kaldine, Roanne S Keeton, Prudence Kgagudi, Khadija Khan, Erica Lazarus, Jean Le Roux, Gila Lustig, Mashudu Madzivhandila, Siyabulela F J Magugu, Zanele Makhado, Nelia P Manamela, Qiniso Mkhize, Paballo Mosala, Thopisang P Motlou, Hygon Mutavhatsindi, Nonkululeko B Mzindle, Anusha Nana, Rofhiwa Nesamari, Amkele Ngomti, Anathi A Nkayi, Thandeka P Nkosi, Millicent A Omondi, Ravindre Panchia, Faeezah Patel, Alessandro Sette, Upasna Singh, Strauss van Graan, Elizabeth M Venter, Avril Walters, Thandeka Moyo-Gwete, Simone I Richardson, Nigel Garrett, Helen Rees, Linda-Gail Bekker, Glenda Gray, Wendy A Burgers, Alex Sigal, Penny L Moore, Lee Fairlie
We report the safety and immunogenicity of fractional and full dose Ad26.COV2.S and BNT162b2 in an open label phase 2 trial of participants previously vaccinated with a single dose of Ad26.COV2.S, with 91.4% showing evidence of previous SARS-CoV-2 infection. A total of 286 adults (with or without HIV) were enrolled >4 months after an Ad26.COV2.S prime and randomized 1:1:1:1 to receive either a full or half-dose booster of Ad26.COV2.S or BNT162b2 vaccine. B cell responses (binding, neutralization and antibody dependent cellular cytotoxicity-ADCC), and spike-specific T-cell responses were evaluated at baseline, 2, 12 and 24 weeks post-boost...
2024: PLOS Glob Public Health
#22
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Aude Christelle Ka'e, Maria Mercedes Santoro, Leonardo Duca, Collins Ambe Chenwi, Ezechiel Ngoufack Jagni Semengue, Alex Durand Nka, Naomi-Karell Etame, Willy Leroi Togna Pabo, Grace Beloumou, Marie Laure Mpouel, Sandrine Djupsa, Desire Takou, Samuel Martin Sosso, Hyppolite K Tchidjou, Vittorio Colizzi, Gregory-Edie Halle-Ekane, Carlo-Federico Perno, Sharon Lewin, R Brad Jones, Caroline T Tiemessen, Francesca Ceccherini-Silberstein, Joseph Fokam
BACKGROUND: With the advent of antiretroviral therapy (ART), most children living with HIV in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) are growing toward adolescence, with scarcity of evidence on the size of viral reservoirs to enhance paediatric cure research strategies. This study aims to compare HIV-1 proviral DNA levels according to virological response among adolescents living with perinatally acquired HIV-1 (ALPHIV) and identify associated-factors in the Cameroonian context. METHODS: In this observational cohort study, HIV-1 RNA viremia and CD4+ T-cell count were assessed through RT-PCR and flow cytometry respectively at three time-points over 18 months of observation...
March 2024: Journal of Virus Eradication
#23
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Asma Akter, Natasha Farhin Ananna, Hedayet Ullah, Sirajul Islam, Md Al Amin, K M Kaderi Kibria, Shahin Mahmud
Mycoplasma genitalium is a pathogenic microorganism linked to a variety of severe health conditions including ovarian cancer, prostate cancer, HIV transmission, and sexually transmitted diseases. A more effective approach to address the challenges posed by this pathogen, given its high antibiotic resistance rates, could be the development of a peptide vaccine. In this study, we used experimentally validated 13 membrane proteins and their immunogenicity to identify suitable vaccine candidates. Thus, based on immunogenic properties and high conservation among other Mycoplasma genitalium sub-strains, the P110 surface protein is considered for further investigation...
April 15, 2024: Heliyon
#24
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Ludovica Ferrari, Alessandra Ruggiero, Chiara Stefani, Livia Benedetti, Lorenzo Piermatteo, Eleonora Andreassi, Federica Caldara, Drieda Zace, Matteo Pagliari, Francesca Ceccherini-Silberstein, Christopher Jones, Marco Iannetta, Anna Maria Geretti
Accessible SARS-CoV-2-specific immunoassays may inform clinical management in people with HIV, particularly in case of persisting immunodysfunction. We prospectively studied their application in vaccine recipients with HIV, purposely including participants with a history of advanced HIV infection. Participants received one (n = 250), two (n = 249) or three (n = 42) doses of the BNT162b2 vaccine. Adverse events were documented through questionnaires. Sample collection occurred pre-vaccination and a median of 4 weeks post-second dose and 14 weeks post-third dose...
April 9, 2024: Scientific Reports
#25
Evelyn Li Yuen Khaw, Wee Fu Gan, Nor Zaila Zaidan
Individuals infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) have a greater risk of developing malignancies, including both acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)-defining malignancies as well as many non-AIDS-defining cancers. Several factors contribute to the increased incidence of malignancies in this population such as the direct effects of HIV itself, immune deficiency, co-infection with oncogenic viruses, environmental factors, and the effects of combination antiretroviral therapy (cART). The improvement of the immune response following the introduction of cART results in a better response to conventional therapies for malignancies, including chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and surgery...
March 2024: Curēus
#26
Pilar X Altman, Mara Parren, Huldah Sang, Gabriel Ozorowski, Wen-Hsin Lee, Vaughn V Smider, Ian A Wilson, Andrew B Ward, Waithaka Mwangi, Dennis R Burton, Devin Sok
The study of immunogens capable of eliciting broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs) is crucial for the development of an HIV vaccine. To date, only cows, making use of their ultralong CDRH3 loops, have reliably elicited bnAbs following immunization with HIV Envelope trimers. Antibody responses to the CD4 binding site have been readily elicited by immunization of cows with a stabilized Env trimer of the BG505 strain and, with more difficulty, to the V2-apex region of Env with a cocktail of trimers. Here, we sought to determine whether the BG505 Env trimer could be engineered to generate new bnAb specificities in cows...
March 25, 2024: bioRxiv
#27
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Shengquan Tang, Yanqiu Lu, Feng Sun, Yuanyuan Qin, Vijay Harypursat, Renni Deng, Gong Zhang, Yaokai Chen, Tong Wang
BACKGROUND: Immunological non-responders (INRs) among people living with HIV have inherently higher mortality and morbidity rates. The underlying immunological mechanisms whereby failure of immune reconstitution occurs in INRs require elucidation. METHOD: HIV DNA and HIV cell-associated RNA (CA-HIV RNA) quantifications were conducted via RT-qPCR. Transcriptome sequencing (RNA-seq), bioinformatics, and biological verifications were performed to discern the crosstalk between host and viral factors...
April 4, 2024: Journal of Infection
#28
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Na Li, Hong-Yi Zheng, Wen-Qiang He, Xiao-Yan He, Rui Li, Wen-Bo Cui, Wei-Lin Yang, Xing-Qi Dong, Zhi-Qiang Shen, Yong-Tang Zheng
OBJECTIVES: There is conflicting data regarding the response of older people with HIV (PWH) to antiretroviral therapy (ART). The objective of this study was to evaluate the long-term immunological and virological responses, changes in regimen, and adverse drug reactions (ADRs) in older participants (50+ years) compared with younger (18-34 years) and middle-aged (35-49 years) PWH. METHODS: A retrospective review of medical records was conducted on 1622 participants who received ART in Yunnan Province, China, from 2010 to 2019...
May 1, 2024: AIDS
#29
Fatima Abdeljaleel, Jehad Azar, Laith A Ayasa, Dima Rabaia
INTRODUCTION AND IMPORTANCE: Kaposi sarcoma (KS) is an angioproliferative disease, that mostly affects HIV-infected patients with a high viral load and a low CD4 count. In rare cases, the paradoxical worsening of a pre-existing or previously unrecognized opportunistic infection occurs in a phenomenon known as immune reconstitution inflammatory response (IRIS). CASE PRESENTATION: The authors presented a male patient in his 30s with HIV, who developed a series of complications caused by KS following the initiation of antiretroviral therapy...
April 2024: Annals of Medicine and Surgery
#30
L Tomassini, F Ferretti, A Uvelli, D Fedeli, G Gualtieri
The Influenza A H1N1 subtype can present with a wide spectrum of severity, from mild symptoms of influenza to severe respiratory distress. The morbidity and mortality connected to influenza are mostly associated with secondary bacterial infections. The influenza syndrome alone can cause a massive release of cytokines with dysregulation of the immune system, and it can act in synergy with other bacteria which can enhance cytokines secretion. This article deals with a case of severe pneumonia of H1N1 in a 17-year-old woman with bacterial superinfection with Staphylococcus aureus characterized by a high level of interleukine-6 (105900 pg/mL) and the appearance of severe leukopenia with immuno-suppression, such that HIV infection and hematological diseases were included in the initial differential diagnosis...
2024: La Clinica Terapeutica
#31
REVIEW
Lorena Sanchez-Felipe, Yeranddy A Alpizar, Ji Ma, Lotte Coelmont, Kai Dallmeier
Live-attenuated yellow fever vaccine (YF17D) was developed in the 1930s as the first ever empirically derived human vaccine. Ninety years later, it is still a benchmark for vaccines made today. YF17D triggers a particularly broad and polyfunctional response engaging multiple arms of innate, humoral and cellular immunity. This unique immunogenicity translates into an extraordinary vaccine efficacy and outstanding longevity of protection, possibly by single-dose immunization. More recently, progress in molecular virology and synthetic biology allowed engineering of YF17D as a powerful vector and promising platform for the development of novel recombinant live vaccines, including two licensed vaccines against Japanese encephalitis and dengue, even in paediatric use...
April 3, 2024: European Journal of Immunology
#32
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Juntao Zhou, Libian Wang, Xiaoyan Liu, Yanxin Gai, Mingming Dong, Chu Wang, Muhammad Mujahid Ali, Mingliang Ye, Xianghui Yu, Lianghai Hu
The HIV-1 envelope is a heavily glycosylated class 1 trimeric fusion protein responsible for viral entry into CD4+ immune cells. Developing neutralizing antibodies against the specific envelope glycans is an alternative method for antiviral therapies. This work presents the first-ever development and characterization of artificial neutralizing antibodies using molecular imprinting technology to recognize and bind to the envelope protein of HIV-1. The prepared envelope glycan-imprinted nanoparticles (GINPs) can successfully prevent HIV-1 from infecting target cells by shielding the glycans on the envelope protein...
April 3, 2024: Nano Letters
#33
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Sivaporn Gatechompol, René Lutter, Frédéric M Vaz, Sasiwimol Ubolyam, Anchalee Avihingsanon, Stephen J Kerr, Frank van Leth, Frank Cobelens
BACKGROUND: Non-sputum-based tests are needed to predict or diagnose tuberculosis (TB) disease in people living with HIV (PWH). The enzyme indoleamine 2, 3-dioxygenase-1 (IDO1) is expressed in tuberculoid granuloma and catabolizes tryptophan (Trp) to kynurenine (Kyn). IDO1 activity compromises innate and adaptive immune responses, promoting mycobacterial survival. The plasma Kyn-to-Trp (K/T) ratio is a potential TB diagnostic and/or predictive biomarker in PWH on long-term antiretroviral therapy (ART)...
April 2, 2024: BMC Infectious Diseases
#34
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Yunzhu Shan, Guangqiang Sun, Jiahao Ji, Zhen Li, Xue Chen, Xin Zhang, Yundong Ma, Yang Zhang, Tong Zhang, Yulin Zhang
BACKGROUND: People living with HIV (PLWH) exhibits an increased susceptibility to anxiety disorders, concomitant with heightened vulnerability to aberrant immune activation and inflammatory responses, and endocrine dysfunction. There exists a dearth of scholarly investigations pertaining to the neurological, immune, and endocrine dimensions of HIV-associated anxiety disorders. METHOD: This study aimed to compare a group of 16 individuals diagnosed with HIV-associated anxiety disorders (HIV ANXs) according to the Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed...
2024: Frontiers in Psychiatry
#35
Nathan B Erdmann, Wilton B Williams, Stephen R Walsh, Nicole Grunenberg, Paul T Edlefsen, Paul A Goepfert, Derek W Cain, Kristen W Cohen, Janine Maenza, Kenneth H Mayer, Hong Van Tieu, Magdalena E Sobieszczyk, Edith Swann, Huiyin Lu, Stephen C De Rosa, Zachary Sagawa, M Anthony Moody, Christopher B Fox, Guido Ferrari, R J Edwards, Priyamvada Acharya, S Munir Alam, Robert Parks, Margaret Barr, Georgia D Tomaras, David C Montefiori, Peter B Gilbert, M Juliana McElrath, Lawrence Corey, Barton F Haynes, Lindsey R Baden
BACKGROUND: HIV-1 vaccine development is a global health priority. Broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs) which target the HIV-1 gp41 membrane-proximal external region (MPER) have some of the highest neutralization breadth. An MPER peptide-liposome vaccine has been found to expand bnAb precursors in monkeys. METHODS: The HVTN133 phase 1 clinical trial ( NCT03934541 ) studied the MPER-peptide liposome immunogen in 24 HIV-1 seronegative individuals. Participants were recruited between 15 July 2019 and 18 October 2019 and were randomized in a dose-escalation design to either 500 mcg or 2000 mcg of the MPER-peptide liposome or placebo...
March 18, 2024: medRxiv
#36
REVIEW
Babayemi O Olakunde, Ijeoma M Ifeorah, Daniel A Adeyinka, Olubunmi A Olakunde, Temitayo Ogundipe, John O Olawepo, Echezona E Ezeanolue
BACKGROUND: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in Africa is mostly acquired before the age of 5 years through vertical or horizontal routes. While all the countries in the World Health Organization African region have introduced HBV vaccination into their national immunization programs, the rate of protective immune response to HBV vaccine among children in Africa has not been systematically synthesized. In this study, we estimated the HBV vaccine seroprotection rate (defined as anti-HBs titer ≥ 10 IU/L) and the associated factors among under-five children who completed a primary series of HBV vaccination in Africa...
April 1, 2024: Tropical Medicine and Health
#37
Manukumar Marichannegowda, Alonso Heredia, Yin Wang, Hongshuo Song
HIV-1 is considered to become less susceptible to existing neutralizing antibodies over time. Our study on the virulent B (VB) HIV-1 identified genetic signatures responsible for immune escape from broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs) targeting V1/V2 and V3 glycan epitopes. We found that the absence of N295 and N332 glycans in the high mannose patch, which are crucial for neutralization by V3 glycan bNAbs and are typically conserved in subtype B HIV-1, is a notable feature in more than half of the VB variants...
March 13, 2024: bioRxiv
#38
Sharidan Brown, Aleksandar Antanasijevic, Leigh M Sewall, Daniel Montiel Garcia, Philip J M Brouwer, Rogier W Sanders, Andrew B Ward
UNLABELLED: Vaccination strategies against HIV-1 aim to elicit broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs) using prime-boost regimens with HIV envelope (Env) immunogens. Early antibody responses to easily accessible epitopes on these antigens are directed to non-neutralizing epitopes instead of bnAb epitopes. Autologous neutralizing antibody responses appear upon boosting once immunodominant epitopes are saturated. Here we report another type of antibody response that arises after repeated immunizations with HIV Env immunogens and present the structures of six anti-immune complexes discovered using polyclonal epitope mapping...
March 17, 2024: bioRxiv
#39
Laventa M Obare, Stephen Priest, Anas Ismael, Mona Mashayekhi, Xiuqi Zhang, Lindsey K Stolze, Quanhu Sheng, Zer Vue, Kit Neikirk, Heather Beasley, Curtis Gabriel, Tecla Temu, Sara Gianella, Simon Mallal, John R Koethe, Antentor Hinton, Samuel Bailin, Celestine N Wanjalla
Chronic systemic inflammation contributes to a substantially elevated risk of myocardial infarction in people living with HIV (PLWH). Endothelial cell dysfunction disrupts vascular homeostasis regulation, increasing the risk of vasoconstriction, inflammation, and thrombosis that contribute to cardiovascular disease. Our objective was to study the effects of plasma from PLWH on endothelial cell (EC) function, with the hypothesis that cytokines and chemokines are major drivers of EC activation. We first broadly phenotyped chemokine and cytokine receptor expression on arterial ECs, capillary ECs, venous ECs, and vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) in adipose tissue in the subcutaneous adipose tissue of 59 PLWH using single cell transcriptomic analysis...
March 12, 2024: bioRxiv
#40
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Eric Wilson, John Kevin Cava, Diego Chowell, Remya Raja, Kiran K Mangalaparthi, Akhilesh Pandey, Marion Curtis, Karen S Anderson, Abhishek Singharoy
Predictive modeling of macromolecular recognition and protein-protein complementarity represents one of the cornerstones of biophysical sciences. However, such models are often hindered by the combinatorial complexity of interactions at the molecular interfaces. Exemplary of this problem is peptide presentation by the highly polymorphic major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC-I) molecule, a principal component of immune recognition. We developed human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-Inception, a deep biophysical convolutional neural network, which integrates molecular electrostatics to capture non-bonded interactions for predicting peptide binding motifs across 5,821 MHC-I alleles...
March 25, 2024: Cell Systems
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