barley grass

The objective of this experiment was to investigate the effect of lipid from rapeseed cake and oats on ruminal CH4 emission and lactational performance of dairy cows. Twelve lactating Nordic Red cows, of which 4 primiparous, and averaging (±SD) 48 ± 22.9 DIM, 37.8 ± 7.14 kg/d milk yield were enrolled in a switch-back design experiment with 3 periods of 4 wk each. The cows were assigned into 6 pairs based on parity and days-in-milk, milk yield, and body weight at the beginning of the experiment...

Meloidogyne naasi Franklin, 1965, the barley root-knot nematode, was originally found in field crops such as cereals, grasses, and sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) in England and Wales, (Franklin,1965). This nematode is one of the most significant root-knot nematodes impacting grains in European countries (Santos et al. 2020). Among root-knot nematode species, M. naasi, exhibits a distinct preference for grasses, with documented impacts on turfgrasses leading to reduced growth and vigor (Skantar et al., 2023; Cook and Yeates, 1993)...

UNLABELLED: Pyricularia oryzae (syn. Magnaporthe oryzae), is a filamentous ascomycete that causes a major disease called blast on cereal crops, as well as on a wide variety of wild and cultivated grasses. Blast diseases have a tremendous impact worldwide particularly on rice and on wheat, where the disease emerged in South America in the 1980s, before spreading to Asia and Africa. Its economic importance, coupled with its amenability to molecular and genetic manipulation, have inspired extensive research efforts aiming at understanding its biology and evolution...

UNLABELLED: Reproductive phasiRNAs are broadly present in angiosperms and play crucial roles in sustaining male fertility. While the premeiotic 21-nt phasiRNAs and meiotic 24-nt phasiRNA pathways have been extensively studied in maize ( Zea mays ) and rice ( Oryza sativa ), a third putative category of reproductive phasiRNAs-named premeiotic 24-nt phasiRNAs-have recently been reported in barley ( Hordeum vulgare ) and wheat ( Triticum aestivum ). To determine whether premeiotic 24-nt phasiRNAs are also present in maize and related species and begin to characterize their biogenesis and function, we performed a comparative transcriptome and degradome analysis of premeiotic and meiotic anthers from five maize inbred lines and three teosinte species/subspecies...

Under changing climatic scenarios, grassland conservation and development have become imperative to impart functional sustainability to their ecosystem services. These goals could be effectively and efficiently achieved with targeted genetic improvement of native grass species. To the best of our literature search, very scant research findings are available pertaining to gene editing of non-cultivated grass species (switch grass, wild sugarcane, Prairie cordgrass, Bermuda grass, Chinese silver grass, etc.) prevalent in natural and semi-natural grasslands...

The defensive alkaloid gramine not only protects barley and other grasses from insects but also negatively affects their palatability to ruminants. The key gene for gramine formation has remained elusive, hampering breeding initiatives. In this work, we report that a gene encoding cytochrome P450 monooxygenase CYP76M57, which we name AMI synthase (AMIS), enables the production of gramine in Nicotiana benthamiana , Arabidopsis thaliana , and Saccharomyces cerevisiae . We reconstituted gramine production in the gramine-free barley ( Hordeum vulgare ) variety Golden Promise and eliminated it from cultivar Tafeno by Cas-mediated gene editing...

This work is an update and extension of the previously published article "Ultralong Oxford Nanopore Reads Enable the Development of a Reference-Grade Perennial Ryegrass Genome Assembly" by Frei et al.  The published genome assembly of the doubled haploid perennial ryegrass ( Lolium perenne L.) genotype Kyuss (Kyuss v1.0) marked a milestone for forage grass research and breeding. However, order and orientation errors may exist in the pseudo-chromosomes of Kyuss, since barley ( Hordeum vulgare L.), which diverged 30 million years ago from perennial ryegrass, was used as the reference to scaffold Kyuss...

This study encompasses a quick, efficient, repeatable and reproducible analytical method for simultaneous determination of Bromoxynil (3, 5-Dibromo-4-hydroxybenzonitrile) and MCPA (2-methyl-4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid) using RP-HPLC with UV-Detector. Bromoxynil + MCPA is one of the most selective post emergent herbicide formulations for the control of important broad leaf weeds infesting small grains (wheat, barley, oats, rye), conservation reserve program areas and grass grown for seed. Optimum weed control is achieved when Bromoxynil + MCPA is applied to actively growing weed seedlings...

Luteoviruses (family Tombusviridae ) and poleroviruses (family Solemoviridae ) are economically important pathogens of cereals such as wheat ( Triticum aestivum ), barley ( Hordeum vulgare ) and oat ( Avena sativa ). In Australia, the luteoviruses barley yellow dwarf virus PAV (BYDV PAV) and barley yellow dwarf virus MAV (BYDV MAV), along with the poleroviruses cereal yellow dwarf virus RPV (CYDV RPV) and maize yellow dwarf virus RMV (MYDV RMV), were distinguished from each other and reported in the 1980s (Sward and Lister 1988; Waterhouse and Helms 1985)...

Fusarium root and crown rot (FRCR) negatively impact several economically important plant species. Cover crops host different soil and residue microbiomes, thereby potentially influencing pathogen load and disease severity. The carryover effect of cover crops on FRCR in barley and soybean was investigated. Field trials were conducted in Prince Edward Island, Canada. Two cover crops from each plant group, including forbs, brassicas, legumes, and grasses, were grown in a randomized complete block design with barley and soybean planted in split plots the following year...

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Cereal (1,3)(1,4)-β-d-glucans, known as β-d-glucans, are cell wall polysaccharides observed in selected plants of grasses, and oats and barley are their good natural sources. Thanks to their physicochemical properties β-d-glucans have therapeutic and nutritional potential and a specific place for their functional characteristics in diverse food formulations. They can function as thickeners, stabilizers, emulsifiers, and textural and gelation agents in beverages, bakery, meat, and extruded products...

Wheat, including durum and common wheat, respectively, is an allopolyploid with two or three homoeologous subgenomes originating from diploid wild ancestral species. The wheat genome's polyploid origin consisting of just three diploid ancestors has constrained its genetic variation, which has bottlenecked improvement. However, wheat has a large number of relatives, including cultivated crop species (e.g., barley and rye), wild grass species, and ancestral species. Moreover, each ancestor and relative has many other related subspecies that have evolved to inhabit specific geographic areas...

Microdochium bolleyi is a fungal endophyte of cereals and grasses proposed as an ideal model organism for studying plant-endophyte interactions. A qPCR-based diagnostic assay was developed to detect M. bolleyi in wheat and Brachypodium distachyon tissues using the species-specific primers MbqITS derived from the ITS of the ribosomal gene. Specificity was tested against 20 fungal organisms associated with barley and wheat. Colonization dynamics, endophyte distribution in the plant, and potential of the seed transmission were analyzed in the wheat and model plant B...

BACKGROUND: Hordeum vulgare, commonly known as Barley grass, is a historically significant cultivated plant with profound implications for societies, agricultural sciences, and human nutrition. It has been valued for both sustenance and its potential medicinal properties. OBJECTIVE: This study aims to comprehensively investigate the medicinal properties of Hordeum vulgare, focusing on its potential therapeutic benefits and anti-inflammatory properties. Additionally, we seek to quantify and compare the phytochemical content of two distinct extracts: Barley Grass Hexane Extract (BGHE) and Barley grass aqueous extract (BGAQ)...

The increasing cost of milk production, in association with tighter manure N application regulations and challenges associated with ammonia emissions in many countries has increased interest in feeding lower crude protein (CP) diets based on legume silages. Most studies have focused on alfalfa silage, and there is a lack of information on low CP diets based on red clover silage. Our objectives were to examine the effects of dietary CP content and supplementing a low CP diet with dietary starch or rumen-protected Met (RPMet) on the performance, metabolism, and nitrogen-use-efficiency (NUE; milk N output/N intake) in dairy cows fed a red clover and grass silage-based diet...

Despite the increasing importance of goat production in response to high demand for their products and their relative robustness to environmental stressors, and in contrast to other ruminant species, little data is available on how tannin extract feeding affects their feed intake, nutrient digestion and nitrogen (N) metabolism. Therefore, a trial in Oman investigated the respective variables by using a commercial tannin feed additive. In a 4 (treatments) x 3 (periods) x 2 (animals) Youden square, two weaned Batinah bucks each were fed a high or low protein diet of Rhodes grass hay and crushed barley grain, with or without the addition of a chestnut and quebracho tannin extract at 2 g/kg metabolic weight...

A fertilisation experiment, with the aim to determine the effects of different potassium fertiliser rates and their interactions with nitrogen and phosphorus on field-rotation productivity, potassium balance, fertiliser utilization, and changes in the content of potassium in soil, was carried out in Lithuania between 1971 and 2020. The multi-factorial scheme with 45 treatment plots, where seven rates (including zero) of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium fertilisers were studied. The experimental treatments during the study period were carried out on winter wheat, spring wheat, spring barley, sugar beet, spring rapeseed, and annual and perennial grasses...

Maize yellow mosaic virus (MaYMV) is an emerging polerovirus that has been detected in maize, other cereal crops and weedy grass species in Asia, Africa, and the Americas. Disease symptoms in maize include prominent leaf tip reddening and stunting. Infection by MaYMV has been reported to reduce plant growth and yields by 10-30% in some instances. In this study, an experimental host range for MaYMV among agronomically important cereal crops and common grasses was established. Additional aphid species were assessed as potential vectors for MaYMV and their transmission efficiencies were determined...

Sorghum ( Sorghum bicolor ), a grass native to Africa, is a popular alternative to barley for brewing beer. The importance of sorghum to beer brewing is increasing because it is a naturally gluten-free cereal, and climate change is expected to cause a reduction in the production of barley over the coming decades. However, there are challenges associated with the use of sorghum instead of barley in beer brewing. Here, we used proteomics and metabolomics to gain insights into the sorghum brewing process to advise processes for efficient beer production from sorghum...