Computer tomography

RATIONALE: Chest computed tomography -scans (CTs) are essential to diagnose and monitor bronchiectasis (BE). To date, little quantitative data is available about the nature and extent of structural lung abnormalities (SLA) on CTs of BE patients. OBJECTIVES: to investigate SLA on CTs of patients with bronchiectasis and the relationship of SLAs to clinical features using the European Bronchiectasis Registry (EMBARC) Methods: CTs from BE patients included in the EMBARC registry were analyzed using the validated Bronchiectasis Scoring Technique for CT (BEST-CT)...

INTRODUCTION: Tuberculosis remains one of the top ten causes of mortality globally. Children accounted for 12% of all TB cases and 18% of all TB deaths in 2022. Paediatric TB is difficult to diagnose with conventional laboratory tests, and chest radiographs remain crucial. However, in low-and middle-income countries with high TB burden, the capacity for radiological diagnosis of paediatric TB is rarely documented and data on the associated radiation exposure limited. METHODS: A multicentre, mixed-methods study is proposed in three countries, Mozambique, South Africa and Spain...

BACKGROUND: Our understanding of the specific aspects of vascular contributions to dementia remains unclear. OBJECTIVES: We aim to identify the correlates of incident dementia in a multi-ethnic cardiovascular cohort. METHODS: A total of 6806 participants with follow-up data for incident dementia were included. Probable dementia diagnoses were identified using hospitalization discharge diagnoses according to the International Classification of Diseases Codes (ICD)...

BACKGROUND Several factors have been reported as possible predictors of intestinal necrosis in patients with portal venous gas (PVG). We describe potential indicators of intestinal necrosis in PVG identified by contrasting 3 episodes of PVG in a patient on hemodialysis against previously verified factors. CASE REPORT An 82-year-old woman undergoing hemodialysis was admitted to our hospital thrice for acute abdominal pain. On first admission, she was alert, with a body temperature of 36.3°C, blood pressure (BP) of 125/53 mmHg, pulse rate of 60/min, respiratory rate of 18/min, and 100% oxygen saturation on room air...

PURPOSE: Small left atrial (LA) volume was recently reported to be one of the best predictors of acute pulmonary embolism (PE)-related adverse events (AE). There is currently no data available regarding the impact that body surface area (BSA)-indexing of atrial measurements has on the association with PE-related adverse events. Our aim is to assess the impact of indexing atrial measurements to BSA on the association between computed tomography (CT) atrial measurements and AE. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Retrospective study (IRB: 2015P000425)...

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to evaluate the early results of the CE-marked standardized device combination consisting of Endurant and the Radiant chimney graft (En-ChEVAR) for the treatment of juxtarenal aortic aneurysms. METHODS: We analyzed multicentric non-industry sponsored case series evaluating the EnChEVAR technique for patients treated between December 2022 and February 2024. Clinical, perioperative procedure-related and radiological data were collected...

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to evaluate the anatomical feasibility of current available fenestrated endografts (FEVAR) and on-label chimney technique (EnChEVAR) in patients with complex abdominal aortic aneurysms (C-AAA). METHODS: Feasibility of EnChEVAR (Endurant II/IIS CE-marked [Medtronic]) and 4 types of FEVAR (Zenith Fenestrated CE-marked, Zenith Fenestrated Low-Profile [LP] custom-made device [CMD] [Cook Medical], Fenestrated Anaconda LoPro90 CMD, Fenestrated Treo CMD [Terumo Aortic]) was assessed according to the manufacturer's instructions for use...

PURPOSE: Damage to the adult primary visual cortex (V1) causes vision loss in the contralateral hemifield, initiating a process of transsynaptic retrograde degeneration (TRD). Here, we examined retinal correlates of TRD using a new metric to account for global changes in inner retinal thickness and asked if perceptual training in the intact or blind field impacts its progression. METHODS: We performed a meta-analysis of optical coherence tomography data in 48 participants with unilateral V1 stroke and homonymous visual defects who completed clinical trial NCT03350919...

BACKGROUND: Preoperative diagnosis of gallbladder amyloidosis is usually difficult. In our case, the patient exhibited gallbladder dyskinesia, which led us to suspect cholecystic amyloidosis. We were able to safely perform surgery before cholecystitis onset. CASE PRESENTATION: A 59-year-old male patient with a history of multiple myeloma and cardiac amyloidosis presented to our hospital with a chief complaint of epicardial pain. Abdominal ultrasonography and computed tomography revealed an enlarged gallbladder and biliary sludge without any specific imaging findings of cholecystitis...

BACKGROUND: Even in cancer of unknown primary (CUP), which is rare clinical condition, solitary anterosuperior lymph node (LN) along the common hepatic artery (No.8a LN) enlargement diagnosed as metastatic adenocarcinoma has never been reported. CASE PRESENTATION: A 68-year-old Japanese male, with a history of early gastric cancer that had been completely treated by endoscopic submucosal dissection 26 years ago, was detected a single enlarged nodule along the common hepatic artery, No...

A 35-year-old woman of Asian descent with epigastralgia was referred to our hospital. Esophagogastroduodenoscopy revealed gastric cancer in the upper body and carpeting fundic gland polyposis in the fornix and body. Computed tomography revealed no metastases. Total colonoscopy and capsule endoscopy revealed no polyposis, except in the stomach. The patient was diagnosed with advanced gastric cancer and underwent open total gastrectomy. We speculated that her gastric cancer was a hereditary tumor due to its early onset and accompanying fundic gland polyposis...

PURPOSE: Whole-body computer tomographic examinations (WBCT) are essential in diagnosing the severely injured. The structured clinical evaluation in the emergency trauma room, according to ATLS® and guidelines, helps to indicate the correct radiological imaging to avoid overtriage and undertriage. This retrospective, single-center study aimed to evaluate the value of WBCT in patients with an inconspicuous primary survey and whether there is any evidence for this investigation in this group of patients...

BACKGROUND CONTEXT: Studies have shown biomechanical superiority of cervical pedicle screw placement over other techniques. However, accurate placement is challenging due to the inherent risk of neurovascular complications. Navigation technology based on intraoperative 3D imaging allows highly accurate screw placement, yet studies specifically investigating screw placement in patients with traumatic atlantoaxial injuries are scarce. The aim of this study was to compare atlantoaxial screw placement as treatment of traumatic instabilities using iCT-based navigation or fluoroscopic-guidance with intraoperative 3D control scans...

PURPOSE: To describe the relation of the sphenoid ridge (SR) with the surrounding anatomical structures in healthy children when approaching the anterior and middle fossae. METHODS: Computed tomography of 180 pediatric patients (90 males / 90 females), aged 1-18 years were included the study. The size of the lesser wing (LW) and the distances of the LW to certain landmarks were measured. RESULTS: The LW length was 28.48 ± 8...

INTRODUCTION AND HYPOTHESIS: The obturator artery (ObA) is described as a branch of the anterior division of the internal iliac artery. It arises close to the origin of the umbilical artery, where it is crossed by the ureter. The main goal of the present study was to create an anatomical map of the ObA demonstrating the most frequent locations of the vessel's origin and course. METHODS: In May 2022, an evaluation of the findings from 75 consecutive patients who underwent computed tomography angiography studies of the abdomen and pelvis was performed...

Modern radiotherapy techniques have advanced and become more sophisticated. End-to-end 3D verification of the complex radiotherapy dose distribution in an anthropomorphic phantom can ensure the accuracy of the treatment delivery. The phantoms commonly used for dosimetry are homogeneous solid water phantom which lacks the capability to measure the 3D dose distribution for heterogeneous tissues necessary for advanced radiotherapy techniques. Therefore, we developed an end-to-end 3D radiotherapy dose verification system based on MAX-HD anthropomorphic phantom (Integrated Medical Technologies Inc...

Monte Carlo simulations using patient CT images as input are the gold standard to perform patient-specific dosimetry. However, in standard clinical practice patient's CT images are limited to the reconstructed CT scan range. In this study, organ dose calculations were performed with ImpactMC for chest and cardiac CT using whole-body and anatomy-specific voxel models to estimate the accuracy of CT organ doses based on the latter model. When the 3D patient model is limited to the CT scan range, CT organ doses from Monte Carlo simulations are the most accurate for organs entirely in the field of view...

Stafne bone defect (SBD) is a rare developmental bone defect characterized by an asymptomatic focal concavity of the cortical bone, typically on the lingual aspect of the mandibular body, which generally contains salivary gland tissue. It can be detected during routine dental examinations and typically appears as an ovoid, well-defined, well-corticated, radiolucent depression in the posterior mandibular region below the inferior alveolar nerve (IAN) (in: Neville et al, Oral and maxillofacial pathology, Elsevier, Inc, St...

BACKGROUND: Radical resection remains the only potential cure in the management of inferior vena cava (IVC) leiomyosarcomas with multivisceral resections often needed (Borghi et al. in J Cardiovasc Surg (Torino) 63:649-663, 2022). This video describes the technical nuances of surgical resection of a large retrohepatic IVC leiomyosarcoma. PATIENT AND METHODS: Computed tomography of a 60-year-old woman revealed a 12 × 12 × 9.5 cm mass in the right suprarenal region infiltrating the IVC with intraluminal extension up to the hepatic venous confluence...

Automatic segmentation of the coronary artery using coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) images can facilitate several analyses related to coronary artery disease (CAD). Accurate segmentation of the lumen or plaque region is one of the most important factors. This study aimed to analyze the performance of the coronary artery segmentation of a software platform with a deep learning-based location-adaptive threshold method (DL-LATM) against commercially available software platforms using CCTA. The dataset from intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) of 26 vessel segments from 19 patients was used as the gold standard to evaluate the performance of each software platform...