renal resistive index

OBJECTIVES: Perioperative prophylaxis with cephalosporins reduces sternal wound infections (SWIs) after cardiac surgery. However, more than 50% of coagulase-negative staphylococci, an important pathogen, are cephalosporin resistant. The aim of this study was to determine the impact of adjunctive vancomycin on SWIs in high-risk patients. METHODS: We conducted a pre- and postintervention study in an academic hospital. Preintervention (2010-2011), all patients received prophylaxis with 1...

BACKGROUND: Microvascular impairment is well documented in hypertension. We investigated the effect of renal sympathetic denervation (RDN) on cardiac and peripheral microvasculature in patients with treatment-resistant essential hypertension (TRH). METHODS: A randomized, single centre, double-blinded, sham-controlled clinical trial. Fifty-eight patients with TRH (ambulatory systolic BP (ASBP) ≥ 145mmHg) despite stable treatment were randomized to RDN or SHAM. RDN was performed with the unipolar Medtronic Flex catheter...

PURPOSE: To study the effect of radiofrequency ablation of renal arteries on regional cerebral blood flow and cognitive function in patients with resistant arterial hypertension (AH). MATERIAL AND METHODS: Transcatheter renal denervation (TRD) was performed in 17 patients with resistant AH. Examination before and after TRD included SPECT with mTc-HMPAO, 24-hours blood pressure (BP) monitoring, and comprehensive neuropsychological testing. Fifteen patients without angiographic signs of carotid atherosclerosis, coronary artery disease and AH, neurological and psychiatric disorders were investigated as control group...

OBJECTIVES: Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) is a method used frequently for the treatment of renal stone disease. Although its safety is proven, there are still concerns about its unwanted effects on kidneys. In this prospective study, we aimed to evaluate renal tissue alterations with shear wave elastography (SWE) after ESWL. We also studied the correlation between SWE and resistive index (RI) changes. METHODS: The study included 59 patients who underwent ESWL treatment for renal stone disease...

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate renal blood flow and renal volume for the prediction of postnatal renal function in fetuses with solitary functioning kidney (SFK). METHODS: 74 SFK fetuses (unilateral renal agenesis (12), multicystic dysplastic kidney (36) and severe renal dysplasia (26)) were compared with 58 healthy fetuses. Peak systolic velocity (PSV), Pulsatility Index (PI ) and Resistance Index (RI) of the renal artery (RA) were measured; 2- and 3D (VOCAL) volumes were calculated...

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the feasibility of point shear-wave elastography (SWE) in evaluating patients with stable renal allograft function who underwent protocol biopsies. METHODS: Ninety-five patients with stable renal allograft function that underwent ultrasound (US)-guided biopsies at predefined time points (10 days or one year after transplantation) were enrolled. US and point SWE examinations were performed immediately before protocol biopsies. Patients were categorized into two groups: subclinical rejection (SCR) and non-SCR...

OBJECTIVE: To assess the association of survival and treatment with colistin and tigecycline in critically ill patients with carbapenem-resistant A. baumannii bacteraemia. METHODS: An observational cohort study was carried out. Targeted therapy consisted of monotherapy with colistin (9 millions UI/day) or combined therapy with colistin and tigecycline (100 g/day). The primary outcome was 30-day crude mortality. The association between combined targeted therapy and mortality was controlled for empirical therapy with colistin, propensity score of combined therapy and other potential confounding variables in a multivariate Cox regression analysis...

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to identify the effect of two left renal vasculature occlusion strategies on the duplex ultrasound-assessed rheology and histology of the contralateral kidney. METHODS: Pigs were randomly assigned to one of two groups: left renal artery-only clamping (A group, n = 8) or left renal artery and vein clamping (AV group, n = 9). Bilateral renal parenchymal biopsy specimens were taken every 10 minutes for 90 minutes. Duplex ultrasound resistive index (RI) and pulsatility index (PI) were measured...

BACKGROUND: β-lactams are among the most frequently prescribed antibiotics for the treatment of neonatal sepsis. Survival of extremely preterm neonates necessitates an improved understanding of how β-lactams should be used in this vulnerable population. Appropriate dosing regimens for neonates remain unclear. We reviewed available data on the pharmacokinetics (PK) of β-lactam drugs in neonates. Pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) efficacy index surrogates and minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) used to support dosing regimens recommendation in the studies were also investigated...

Hypertension has  a central role in cardiometabolic disease and is usually associated with  metabolic disorders, such as insulin resistance, obesity, and dyslipidemia. Hyperinsulinemia may increase cardiovascular (CV) risk through its promotion of hypertension, which is possibly a result of chronic enhancement of sympathetic nervous system activity, stimulation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system leading to increased renal tubular sodium reabsorption, modulating cation transport, or inducing vascular smooth muscle cell hypertrophy...

AIMS: This study is aimed at evaluating the antidiabetic effects of thymoquinone (TQ) on streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetes in rats, and exploring the possible underlying mechanisms. METHODS: Diabetes was induced in adult male Wistar rats by intraperitoneal injection of freshly prepared STZ (65 mg/kg). After disease induction, 42 rats were equally assigned to: controls, STZ-diabetic group, and STZ-diabetic group treated with oral TQ (35 mg/kg/day) for 5 weeks...

BACKGROUND: Radix puerariae (RP) is a herbal medicines for diabetes, mainly because of anti-oxidative, insulin resistance and hypoglycemic effect. Fructus crataegi (FC) also possesses strong antioxidant activity in vitro. This study focused on the effects of herbal mixture of RP and FC (RPFC) on renal protection through a diabetic rat model. METHODS: Type 2 Diabetic model was established with high fat diet followed by injecting rats a low dose of STZ (25 mg/kg body weight)...

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Obesity is reaching epidemic proportions and is associated with increased risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD). Leptin-deficient mice (ob/ob) are widely employed to investigate obesity. Aim of this study was to provide a micro-ultrasound (μUS) longitudinal evaluation of the ob/ob mouse model in terms of cardiovascular effects, consequences for renal microcirculation and liver fat accumulation. SUBJECTS/METHODS: Sixteen wild-type (wt) and eleven ob/ob male mice were studied at 8 (T0) and 25 (T1) weeks of age with a μUS system (Vevo2100) and B-mode and Doppler images were acquired...

BACKGROUND: Kidney function is known to be closely associated with the pathogenesis of hypertension. In contrast, hemorheology assessed using microchannel array flow analyzer (MC-FAN) has demonstrated the significance of cardiovascular risk factors in recent clinical studies. The present cross-sectional study aimed to clarify the relationship between hemorheology assessed by MC-FAN and kidney function in hypertensive patients from the perspective of primary prevention of cardiovascular events...

OBJECTIVE: The objective of our study was to evaluate which spectral Doppler ultrasound parameters are useful in patients with clinical concern for transplant renal artery stenosis (TRAS) and create mathematically derived prediction models that are based on these parameters. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study subjects included 120 patients with clinical signs of renal dysfunction who had undergone ultrasound followed by angiography (either digital subtraction angiography or MR angiography) between January 2005 and December 2015...

OBJECTIVES: To investigate, whether renal denervation (RDN) improves arterial stiffness, central blood pressure (C-BP) and heart rate variability (HRV) in patients with treatment resistant hypertension. METHODS: ReSET was a randomized, sham-controlled, double-blinded trial (NCT01459900). RDN was performed by a single experienced operator using the Medtronic unipolar Symplicity Flex(TM) catheter. C-BP, carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (PWV), and HRV were obtained at baseline and after six months with the SphygmoCor(®)-device...

: European Society of Hypertension/European Society of Cardiology guidelines recommend calculation of estimated glomerular filtration rate and evaluation of urinary albumin excretion rate as routine tests in the initial evaluation and during the follow-up of all hypertensive patients. However, from a clinical point of view, renal ultrasound - a noninvasive, readily available and cheap imaging modality - could contribute to the better evaluation of a hypertensive patient by identifying common causes of secondary hypertension (HTN) originating from the kidney and more recently by detecting renal injury in severe or long-standing essential HTN by measuring renal resistive indexes...

BACKGROUND: Overweight has been related to renal arteriolosclerosis and is able to modify intrarenal hemodynamics. Increasing evidences suggest an association between weight excess and primary glomerulonephritis (GN). The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between nutritional status and intrarenal arterial stiffness in primary GN associated to arteriolosclerosis. We have considered the glomerular diameter (GD) as morphological parameter in overweight and obese patients...

Kidneys from uncontrolled donors after cardiac arrest (uDCD) suffer from a period of warm ischemia between cardiac arrest and cold flushing. Aim of the study was to evaluate renal outcomes of uDCD kidneys selected on the basis of renal Resistance Index (RI) and its influence on graft function and survival. The study included 44 kidneys procured from 26 uDCD starting 1.1.2006 until 12.31.2013. The donors (Maastricht category II) underwent cardiopulmonary resuscitation by assisted ventilation and chest compression; the organs were preserved with in situ cold perfusion or a normothermic regional perfusion...

AIMS: To identify predictors of asymptomatic radiation-induced abdominal atherosclerosis in patients treated with radiotherapy and evaluated by abdominal vascular ultrasonography. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty-two testicular classic seminoma patients (median age 34 years, range 16-56) undergoing radical inguinal orchiectomy were analysed. Twenty-six patients underwent post-surgery radiotherapy (median total dose 25 Gy, range 25-43), two of them also received chemotherapy (CHT) and 16 patients were treated with surgery alone or by surgery followed by CHT (control group)...