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REVIEW
Serge Mazamay, Jean-François Guégan, Neby Diallo, Didier Bompangue, Eric Bokabo, Jean-Jacques Muyembe, Nadège Taty, Tonton Paul Vita, Hélène Broutin
BACKGROUND: Bacterial meningitis occurs worldwide but Africa remains the most affected continent, especially in the "Meningitis belt" that extends from Senegal to Ethiopia. Three main bacteria are responsible for causing bacterial meningitis, i.e., N. meningitidis (Nm), S. pneumoniae and H. influenzae type b. Among Nm, serogroup A used to be responsible for up to 80 to 85% of meningococcal meningitis cases in Africa. Since 2000, other Nm serogroups including W, X and C have also been responsible for causing epidemics...
September 30, 2021: BMC Infectious Diseases
#22
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Modupeh Betts, Seth Jarvis, Aaron Jeffries, Andrea Gori, Chrispin Chaguza, Jacquline Msefula, Caroline M Weight, Brenda Kwambana-Adams, Neil French, Todd D Swarthout, Jeremy S Brown, Robert S Heyderman
Streptococcus pneumoniae is a leading cause of pneumonia, meningitis, and bacteremia. Serotype 1 is rarely carried but is commonly associated with invasive pneumococcal disease, and in the African "meningitis belt," it is prone to cause cyclical epidemics. We report the complete genome sequence of S. pneumoniae serotype 1 strain BVJ1JL, isolated in Malawi.
September 30, 2021: Microbiology Resource Announcements
#23
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Kat Franklin, Brenda Kwambana-Adams, Fernanda C Lessa, Heidi M Soeters, Laura Cooper, Matthew E Coldiron, Jason Mwenda, Martin Antonio, Tomoka Nakamura, Ryan Novak, Adam L Cohen
BACKGROUND: The meningitis belt of sub-Saharan Africa has traditionally experienced large outbreaks of meningitis mainly caused by Neisseria meningitidis. More recently, Streptococcus pneumoniae has been recognized as a cause of meningitis outbreaks in the region. Little is known about the natural history and epidemiology of these outbreaks, and, in contrast to meningococcal meningitis, there is no agreed definition for a pneumococcal meningitis epidemic. The aim of this analysis was to systematically review and understand pneumococcal meningitis outbreaks in Africa between 2000 and 2018...
September 1, 2021: Journal of Infectious Diseases
#24
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Brenda Anna Kwambana-Adams, Adam L Cohen, Lee Hampton, Aquino Albino Nhantumbo, Robert S Heyderman, Martin Antonio, Andre Bita, Jason Mathiu Mwenda
Large populations across sub-Saharan Africa remain at risk of devastating acute bacterial meningitis epidemics and endemic disease. Meningitis surveillance is a cornerstone of disease control, essential for describing temporal changes in disease epidemiology, the rapid detection of outbreaks, guiding vaccine introduction and monitoring vaccine impact. However, meningitis surveillance in most African countries is weak, undermined by parallel surveillance systems with little to no synergy and limited laboratory capacity...
September 1, 2021: Journal of Infectious Diseases
#25
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Lassané Kaboré, Tolulope Adebanjo, Berthe Marie Njanpop-Lafourcade, Soumeya Ouangraoua, Felix T Tarbangdo, Bertrand Meda, Srinivasan Velusamy, Brice Bicaba, Flavien Aké, Lesley McGee, Seydou Yaro, Edouard Betsem, Alain Gervaix, Bradford D Gessner, Cynthia G Whitney, Jennifer C Moïsi, Chris A Van Beneden
BACKGROUND: Burkina Faso, a country in Africa's meningitis belt, introduced 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) in October 2013, with 3 primary doses given at 8, 12 and 16 weeks of age. To assess whether the new PCV13 program controlled pneumococcal carriage, we evaluated overall and serotype-specific colonization among children and adults during the first 3 years after introduction. METHODS: We conducted 2 population-based, cross-sectional, age-stratified surveys in 2015 and 2017 in the city of Bobo-Dioulasso...
September 1, 2021: Journal of Infectious Diseases
#26
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Joseph Walker, Heidi M Soeters, Ryan Novak, Alpha Oumar Diallo, Jeni Vuong, Brice Wilfried Bicaba, Isaie Medah, Issaka Yaméogo, Rasmata Ouédraogo-Traoré, Kadidja Gamougame, Daugla Doumagoum Moto, Assétou Y Dembélé, Ibrehima Guindo, Souleymane Coulibaly, Djibo Issifou, Maman Zaneidou, Hamadi Assane, Christelle Nikiema, Adodo Sadji, Katya Fernandez, Jason M Mwenda, Andre Bita, Clément Lingani, Haoua Tall, Félix Tarbangdo, Guetwende Sawadogo, Marietou F Paye, Xin Wang, Lucy A McNamara
Since 2010, the introduction of an effective serogroup A meningococcal conjugate vaccine has led to the near-elimination of invasive Neisseria meningitidis serogroup A disease in Africa's meningitis belt. However, a significant burden of disease and epidemics due to other bacterial meningitis pathogens remain in the region. High-quality surveillance data with laboratory confirmation is important to monitor circulating bacterial meningitis pathogens and design appropriate interventions, but complete testing of all reported cases is often infeasible...
September 1, 2021: Journal of Infectious Diseases
#27
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Barbara Bolgiano, Eilís Moran, Nicola J Beresford, Fang Gao, Rory Care, Trusha Desai, Ida Karin Nordgren, Timothy R Rudd, Ian M Feavers, Prashant Bore, Sushil Patni, Vinay Gavade, Asha Mallya, Sameer Kale, Pankaj Sharma, Sunil K Goel, Sunil Gairola, Suhas Hattarki, Nikhil Avalaskar, Annamraju D Sarma, Marc LaForce, Neil Ravenscroft, Lakshmi Khandke, Mark R Alderson, Rajeev M Dhere, Sambhaji S Pisal
Towards achieving the goal of eliminating epidemic outbreaks of meningococcal disease in the African meningitis belt, a pentavalent glycoconjugate vaccine (NmCV-5) has been developed to protect against Neisseria meningitidis serogroups A, C, Y, W and X. MenA and X polysaccharides are conjugated to tetanus toxoid (TT) while MenC, Y and W polysaccharides are conjugated to recombinant cross reactive material 197 (rCRM197 ), a non-toxic genetic variant of diphtheria toxin. This study describes quality control testing performed by the manufacturer, Serum Institute of India Private Limited (SIIPL), and the independent control laboratory of the U...
July 23, 2021: Pathogens
#28
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Anelisa Jaca, Alison Beriliy Wiyeh, Evanson Zondani Sambala, Charles Shey Wiysonge
INTRODUCTION: Neisseria meningitides is the leading cause of meningitis in the African Meningitis Belt. The objective of this study was to conduct a trend analysis of the burden of meningococcal meningitis in the African Meningitis Belt countries from 2009 to 2014. METHODS: secondary data on incidence and death cases were collected from the World Health Organization (WHO) and analyzed to determine the trends of meningitis in the African Meningitis Belt countries using Microsoft excel and Stata 14...
2021: Pan African Medical Journal
#29
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Miwako Kobayashi, Abass Abdul-Karim, Jennifer L Milucky, Adam Zakariah, Andrew J Leidner, Franklin Asiedu-Bekoe, David Opare, John B Eleeza, Winfred Ofosu, Chastity Walker, Cynthia G Whitney, Fernanda C Lessa
BACKGROUND: Ghana introduced 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) into the routine infant immunization program in 2012, using a three-dose primary series without a booster. Despite ≥ 88% reported three-dose vaccination coverage since 2013, PCV13-type pneumococcal meningitis outbreaks have occurred. We estimated the ongoing economic burden of PCV13-type pneumococcal meningitis and pneumonia in northern Ghana, an area within the African meningitis belt with seasonal increases of pneumococcal meningitis post-PCV13 introduction, to inform PCV13 vaccination policy...
July 30, 2021: Vaccine
#30
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Maria Garcia Quesada, Yangyupei Yang, Julia C Bennett, Kyla Hayford, Scott L Zeger, Daniel R Feikin, Meagan E Peterson, Adam L Cohen, Samanta C G Almeida, Krow Ampofo, Michelle Ang, Naor Bar-Zeev, Michael G Bruce, Romina Camilli, Grettel Chanto Chacón, Pilar Ciruela, Cheryl Cohen, Mary Corcoran, Ron Dagan, Philippe De Wals, Stefanie Desmet, Idrissa Diawara, Ryan Gierke, Marcela Guevara, Laura L Hammitt, Markus Hilty, Pak-Leung Ho, Sanjay Jayasinghe, Jackie Kleynhans, Karl G Kristinsson, Shamez N Ladhani, Allison McGeer, Jason M Mwenda, J Pekka Nuorti, Kazunori Oishi, Leah J Ricketson, Juan Carlos Sanz, Larisa Savrasova, Lena Petrova Setchanova, Andrew Smith, Palle Valentiner-Branth, Maria Teresa Valenzuela, Mark van der Linden, Nina M van Sorge, Emmanuelle Varon, Brita A Winje, Inci Yildirim, Jonathan Zintgraff, Maria Deloria Knoll
Pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV) introduction has reduced pneumococcal meningitis incidence. The Pneumococcal Serotype Replacement and Distribution Estimation (PSERENADE) project described the serotype distribution of remaining pneumococcal meningitis in countries using PCV10/13 for least 5-7 years with primary series uptake above 70%. The distribution was estimated using a multinomial Dirichlet regression model, stratified by PCV product and age. In PCV10-using sites ( N = 8; cases = 1141), PCV10 types caused 5% of cases <5 years of age and 15% among ≥5 years; the top serotypes were 19A, 6C, and 3, together causing 42% of cases <5 years and 37% ≥5 years...
April 1, 2021: Microorganisms
#31
REVIEW
Lassané Kaboré, Annick Galetto-Lacour, Annick R Sidibé, Alain Gervaix
Introduction : Besides meningococcal disease, the African meningitis belt (AMB) region is also affected by pneumococcal disease. Most AMB countries have introduced pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCV) following a schedule of three primary doses without a booster or a catch-up campaign. PCV is expected to help control pneumococcal disease through both direct and indirect effects. Whether and how fast this will be achieved greatly depends on implementation strategies. Pre-PCV data from the AMB indicate high carriage rates of the pneumococcus, not only in infants but also in older children, and a risk of disease and death that spans lifetime...
June 2021: Expert Review of Vaccines
#32
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Andromachi Karachaliou Prasinou, Andrew J K Conlan, Caroline L Trotter
We previously developed a transmission dynamic model of Neisseria meningitidis serogroup A (NmA) with the aim of forecasting the relative benefits of different immunisation strategies with MenAfriVac. Our findings suggested that the most effective strategy in maintaining disease control was the introduction of MenAfriVac into the Expanded Programme on Immunisation (EPI). This strategy is currently being followed by the countries of the meningitis belt. Since then, the persistence of vaccine-induced antibodies has been further studied and new data suggest that immune response is influenced by the age at vaccination...
February 23, 2021: Microorganisms
#33
MULTICENTER STUDY
Nadav Topaz, Paul Arne Kristiansen, Susanna Schmink, Malika Congo-Ouédraogo, Dinanibè Kambiré, Sarah Mbaeyi, Marietou Paye, Mahamoudou Sanou, Lassana Sangaré, Rasmata Ouédraogo, Xin Wang
In 2010, Burkina Faso completed the first nationwide mass-vaccination campaign of a meningococcal A conjugate vaccine, drastically reducing the incidence of disease caused by serogroup A meningococci. Since then, other strains, such as those belonging to serogroups W, X and C, have continued to cause outbreaks within the region. A carriage study was conducted in 2016 and 2017 in the country to characterize the meningococcal strains circulating among healthy individuals following the mass-vaccination campaign...
December 2020: Microbial Genomics
#34
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Meningococcal vaccines and protein-energy undernutrition in children in the African meningitis belt.
Maria E Sundaram, Julian Wolfson, Michael Osterholm, Samba Sow, Patrick Odum Ansah, Aldiouma Diallo, Sarah E Cusick
BACKGROUND: Vaccines to prevent meningococcal meningitis in the African meningitis belt include PsACWY, a polysaccharide-only vaccine; and PsA-TT, a polysaccharide-protein conjugate vaccine. Protein-energy undernutrition, a condition where children do not receive enough macro- or micronutrients, is related to increased risk of infectious diseases and poor immune function. Reduced immune function could affect vaccine immunogenicity. We investigated connections between protein-energy undernutrition and vaccine immunogenicity and antibody waning to PsACWY and PsA-TT in children in the African meningitis belt...
December 14, 2020: Vaccine
#35
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Pedro Henriques, Lucia Dello Iacono, Ana Gimeno, Alessia Biolchi, Maria Rosaria Romano, Ana Arda, Gonҫalo J L Bernardes, Jesus Jimenez-Barbero, Francesco Berti, Rino Rappuoli, Roberto Adamo
Meningococcal meningitis remains a substantial cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide. Until recently, countries in the African meningitis belt were susceptible to devastating outbreaks, largely attributed to serogroup A Neisseria meningitidis (MenA). Vaccination with glycoconjugates of MenA capsular polysaccharide led to an almost complete elimination of MenA clinical cases. To understand the molecular basis of vaccine-induced protection, we generated a panel of oligosaccharide fragments of different lengths and tested them with polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies by inhibition enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, surface plasmon resonance, and competitive human serum bactericidal assay, which is a surrogate for protection...
November 24, 2020: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
#36
REVIEW
Joseph M Garland
Neisseria meningitidis bacterial infection can cause severe life-threatening meningitis. Individuals who survive may be left with profound sequelae. In epidemic regions such as the meningitis belt of Africa, the case rate is drastically higher than in nonepidemic regions and is due to distinct outbreak serogroups. Two highly effective conjugate meningococcal vaccine against serogroups A, C, W and Y are licensed and indicated for prevention in childhood vaccination schedules and for travelers to outbreak regions...
August 3, 2020: Rhode Island Medical Journal
#37
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Heidi M Soeters, Dinanibè Kambiré, Guetawendé Sawadogo, Rasmata Ouédraogo-Traoré, Brice Bicaba, Isaïe Medah, Lassana Sangaré, Abdoul-Salam Ouédraogo, Soumeya Ouangraoua, Issaka Yaméogo, Malika Congo-Ouédraogo, Absatou Ky Ba, Flavien Aké, Srinivasan Velusamy, Lesley McGee, Chris Van Beneden, Cynthia G Whitney
BACKGROUND: To better understand how to prevent and respond to pneumococcal meningitis outbreaks in the meningitis belt, we retrospectively examined Burkina Faso's case-based meningitis surveillance data for pneumococcal meningitis clusters and assessed potential usefulness of response strategies. METHODS: Demographic and clinical information, and cerebrospinal fluid laboratory results for meningitis cases were collected through nationwide surveillance. Pneumococcal cases were confirmed by culture, polymerase chain reaction (PCR), or latex agglutination; strains were serotyped using PCR...
July 31, 2020: Vaccine
#38
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Ener Cagri Dinleyici, Ray Borrow
Globally, there is an increasing number of international migrants. The majority are forced displaced refugees and children unaccompanied by a caregiver, and have limited access to essential public health interventions. Routine vaccination might be interrupted or be incomplete due to conflict areas with limited public health services or a long-unplanned journey. Refugees and migrants may bring infectious disease risks to their country of destination and may be exposed to new risk factors during transit or at their destination...
November 1, 2020: Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics
#39
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Sani Ousmane, Miwako Kobayashi, Issaka Seidou, Bassira Issaka, Sable Sharpley, Jennifer L Farrar, Cynthia G Whitney, Mahamoudou Ouattara
Pneumococcal meningitis in the African meningitis belt is primarily caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae serotype 1, a serotype contained in the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13). In 2014, Niger introduced PCV13 with doses given at 6, 10, and 14 weeks of age. We leveraged existing meningitis surveillance data to describe pneumococcal meningitis trends in Niger. As a national reference laboratory for meningitis, Centre de Recherche Médicale et Sanitaire (CERMES) receives cerebrospinal fluid specimens from suspected bacterial meningitis cases and performs confirmatory testing for an etiology by culture or polymerase chain reaction (PCR)...
May 13, 2020: Vaccine
#40
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Serogroup A meningococcal conjugate vaccines: building sustainable and equitable vaccine strategies.
David S Stephens, Amy C Sherman
Introduction : For well over 100 years, meningococcal disease due to serogroup A Neisseria meningitidis (MenA) has caused severe epidemics globally, especially in the meningitis belt of sub-Saharan Africa. Areas covered : The article reviews the background and identification of MenA, the current and past global and molecular epidemiology of MenA, and the outbreaks of MenA in the African meningitis belt. The implementation (2010) of an equitable MenA polysaccharide-protein conjugate vaccine (Ps A -TT, MenAfriVac) and the strategy to control MenA in sub-Saharan Africa is described...
April 22, 2020: Expert Review of Vaccines
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