Esclerose multipla

BACKGROUND:  Unlike cigarette smoking, environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) has not been as well described as an environmental risk for Multiple sclerosis (MS) nor as a risk factor for disease progression. OBJECTIVE:  We systematically reviewed the association between ETS and the risk of onset and/or progression of MS. METHODS:  We systematically screened MedLine/PubMed, Science Direct, LILACs, and SciELO searching for publications between January 1st, 2010, and July 5, 2021, with the following keywords: "multiple sclerosis and smoking"; "multiple sclerosis and passive smoking"; "multiple sclerosis and secondhand smoking"...

BACKGROUND:  Oligoclonal bands (OCBs) and Kappa free light chains (FLCs) in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) are sensitive markers of intrathecal immunoglobulin (Ig)G synthesis in patients with multiple sclerosis. OBJECTIVE:  To evaluate the concordance rate between OCBCs and the Kappa index (KI) in patients with suspected multiple sclerosis (MS). METHODS:  Patients with suspected MS were referred to a specialized CSF laboratory as part of their diagnostic investigation...

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Multiple sclerosis is the most frequent demyelinating disease of the central nervous system and is characterized by early onset and progressive disability. Magnetic resonance imaging, due to its high sensitivity and specificity in the detection of demyelinating lesions, is the most useful diagnostic test for this disease, with the administration of gadolinium-based contrast agents being an important contribution to imaging interpretation. Although contrast is essential for diagnostic purposes, its routine use in monitoring disease activity, response to treatment, and related complications is controversial...

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic and inflammatory autoimmune disease that affects the central nervous system (CNS). Dysfunction of body balance is also a common symptom and may be related to neurological injuries resulting from this disease. The aim of this study was to characterize the neurological and vestibular findings of three clinical cases diagnosed with MS. Data on the neurological evaluation and the magnetic resonance imaging of the skull were collected from the medical records. The patients responded to an initial interview and underwent clinical assessment of body balance and Video Head Impulse Test (vHIT)...

BACKGROUND:  Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory demyelinating disease. Auditory evoked potential studies have demonstrated conduction and neural processing deficits in adults with MS, but little is known about the electrophysiological responses in children and adolescents. OBJECTIVE:  to evaluate the central auditory pathway with brainstem auditory evoked potentials (BAEP) and long-latency auditory evoked potentials (LLAEP) in children and adolescents with MS...

BACKGROUND:  The prevalence of pain in patients with multiple sclerosis is remarkable. Fibromyalgia has been considered as one of the forms of chronic pain encompassed in multiple sclerosis, but data are restricted to studies from Europe and North America. OBJECTIVE:  To assess the prevalence of fibromyalgia in a series of Brazilian patients with multiple sclerosis and the characteristics of this comorbidity. METHODS:  The present cross-sectional study included 60 consecutive adult patients with multiple sclerosis...

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a central nervous system (CNS) disease characterized by inflammation, axonal demyelination, and neurodegeneration, which can have a strong impact on all aspects of the life of the patient. Multiple sclerosis causes motor, sensory, cerebellar, and autonomic dysfunctions, as well as cognitive and psychoemotional impairment. The most frequently compromised cognitive domains are complex attention/information processing, memory, executive and visuospatial functions. Recently, alterations have also been evidenced in complex cognitive functions, such as social cognition, moral judgment, and decision-making...

BACKGROUND:  People with multiple sclerosis (PwMS) show an increased risk of sexual dysfunction (SD), both in women and men. OBJECTIVE:  The aim of the present study was to apply the Multiple Sclerosis Intimacy and Sexuality Questionnaire-19 (MSISQ-19) and evaluate our results by comparing them with those in in the literature, as well as to assess the ease of applying the scale and the engagement of the patients in discussing the topic of sexuality...

OBJECTIVE: To measure the cranial volume differences from 15 different parts in the follow-up of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) patients and correlate them with clinical parameters. METHODS: Forty-seven patients with RRMS were included in the study. Patients were grouped into two categories; low Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) (< 3; group 1), and moderate-high EDSS (≥ 3; group 2). Patients were evaluated with Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MOCA), Symbol Digit Modalities Test (SDMT), Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS), and calculated Annualized Relapse Rate (ARR) scores...

BACKGROUND: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory, degenerative, demyelinating disease that ranges from benign to rapidly progressive forms. A striking characteristic of the disease is the clinical-radiological paradox. OBJECTIVES: The present study was conducted to determine whether, in our cohort, the clinical-radiological paradox exists and whether lesion location is related to clinical disability in patients with MS. METHODS: Retrospective data from 95 patients with MS (60 women and 35 men) treated at a single center were examined...

BACKGROUND:  Multiple sclerosis (MS) has a negative effect on employment status. OBJECTIVE:  To present the preliminary results of a special questionnaire designed to collect employment information on patients with MS. METHODS:  The questionnaire on the impact of MS on employment status was completed by 63 patients. Fatigue, cognition, and depression were also evaluated, and 33 healthy participants were recruited as a control group. RESULTS:  Regarding the patients' employment status, we found rates of 31...

BACKGROUND:  Multiple sclerosis (MS) and neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSD) are the most common autoimmune diseases of the central nervous system (CNS). They present chronic relapsing courses that demand treatment with disease-modifying drugs (DMDs) to prevent inflammatory activity. Disease-modifying drugs lead to immunomodulation or immunosuppression through diverse mechanisms (e.g., shifting lymphocyte and cytokine profile, suppressing specific lymphocyte subpopulations)...

BACKGROUND:  Multiple sclerosis (MS) is usually described as an autoimmune disease, although the exact mechanism of the disease remains unknown. There have been studies reporting that venous flow abnormalities may be involved in the pathogenesis of MS or many of the associated clinical manifestations. OBJECTIVE:  The aim of this study was to evaluate flow volumes of the middle cerebral artery (MCA), transverse sinus (TS), and cerebral aqueduct using phase contrast magnetic resonance imaging (PC-MRI) in relapsing-remitting MS patients and a control group...

BACKGROUND:  The percentage of brain volume loss (PBVL) has been classically considered as a biomarker in multiple sclerosis (MS). OBJECTIVE:  The objective of the present study was to analyze if the PBVL during the 1st year after the onset of the disease predicts physical and cognitive impairment (CI). METHODS:  Prospective study that included naïve patients without cognitive impairment who initiated MS treatment with fingolimod. Patients were followed for 3 years and relapses, expanded disability status scale (EDSS) progression (defined as worsening of 1 point on the EDSS), the annual PBVL (evaluated by structural image evaluation using normalization of atrophy [SIENA]), and the presence of CI were evaluated...

BACKGROUND:  Sleep disorders such as obstructive sleep apnea and restless legs syndrome are prevalent in the general population and patients with chronic diseases such as multiple sclerosis (MS). OBJECTIVES:  This study compared the prevalence of sleep disorders complaints, fatigue, depression, and chronotype of adult patients with multiple sclerosis (PwMS) to a representative sample of São Paulo city residents. METHODS:  A comparative study was made between PwMS and volunteers from the São Paulo Epidemiologic Sleep Study (Episono) study...

PURPOSE: To investigate the association between the clinical evaluation and self-perception of deglutition with the motor disability scale in patients with Multiple Sclerosis. METHODS: It is a cross-sectional, prospective study that was conducted with individuals with Multiple Sclerosis treated by the Neuroimmunology outpatient clinic of a hospital in southern Brazil. We reviewed the electronic medical records of patients to extract the score from the last Expanded Disability Status Scale...

OBJECTIVE:  To describe the obstetric outcomes of patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) and the impact of pregnancy and the postpartum period on the progression of the disease. METHODS:  A case series study performed between December 2019 and February 2020, reporting pregnancies occurred between 1996 and 2019. The subjects included were women with MS undergoing follow-up at an MS referral center in Northeastern Brazil, and who had at least one pregnancy after the onset of MS symptoms, or who had their first relapse in the first year after delivery...

INTRODUCTION: Patient registries allow better evaluations of therapeutic outcomes and support personalized health care in several conditions. This study aimed to implement a local registry in a multiple sclerosis center in Portugal, in order to carry out a critical analysis of its development stages, and to perform an initial analysis of the included patients. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The establishment of the registry was divided in two phases - development (creation of the online platform for data entry) and implementation (recruitment of patients and retrospective and prospective collection of available information)...

The cerebrospinal fluid analysis has been employed for supporting multiple sclerosis diagnosis and ruling out the differential diagnoses. The most classical findings reflect the inflammatory nature of the disease, including mild pleocytosis, mild protein increase, intrathecal synthesis of immunoglobulin G, and, most typically, the presence of oligoclonal bands. In recent years, new biomarkers have emerged in the context of multiple sclerosis. The search for new biomarkers reflect the need of a better evaluation of disease activity, disease progression, and treatment efficiency...