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JOURNAL ARTICLE
Hortensia Álvarez, Josep M Llibre
No abstract text is available yet for this article.
February 2024: Open Forum Infectious Diseases
#22
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Fatma Al Farsi, Khuloud Al Maamari, Fatma Ba Alawi, Murtadha Al-Khabori, David Dennison, Abdullah Al Busaidi, Iman Al Manthari
OBJECTIVES: To estimate the incidence, risk factors, and outcome of cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection during the first year following hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) among Omani patients. METHODS: This retrospective study included allogenic HSCT recipients between January 2006 and December 2018. We investigated the possible factors associated with CMV infection and CMV impact on one-year mortality. RESULTS: Among 556 recipients of allogenic HSCT, 308 (55...
November 2023: Oman Medical Journal
#23
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Victor Sanchez-Merino, Miguel Martin-Serrano, Manuela Beltran, Beatriz Lazaro-Martin, Eloisa Cervantes, Manuel Oltra, Talia Sainz, Felipe Garcia, Maria Luisa Navarro, Eloisa Yuste
Broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs) bind and neutralize diverse HIV isolates and demonstrate protective effects in primate models and humans against specific isolates. To develop an effective HIV vaccine, it is widely believed that inducing these antibodies is crucial. However, the high somatic hypermutation in bnAbs and the limited affinity of HIV Env proteins for bnAb germline precursors suggest that extended antigen exposure is necessary for their production. Consequently, HIV vaccine research is exploring complex sequential vaccination strategies to guide the immune response through maturation stages...
December 20, 2023: Vaccines
#24
REVIEW
Jason W Rausch, Shadab Parvez, Sachi Pathak, Adam A Capoferri, Mary F Kearney
The principal barrier to an HIV-1 cure is the persistence of infected cells harboring replication-competent proviruses despite antiretroviral therapy (ART). HIV-1 transcriptional suppression, referred to as viral latency, is foremost among persistence determinants, as it allows infected cells to evade the cytopathic effects of virion production and killing by cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) and other immune factors. HIV-1 persistence is also governed by cellular proliferation, an innate and essential capacity of CD4+ T cells that both sustains cell populations over time and enables a robust directed response to immunological threats...
January 11, 2024: Viruses
#25
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Maggie C Duncan, F Harrison Omondi, Natalie N Kinloch, Hope R Lapointe, Sarah Speckmaier, Nadia Moran-Garcia, Tanya Lawson, Mari L DeMarco, Janet Simons, Daniel T Holmes, Christopher F Lowe, Nic Bacani, Paul Sereda, Rolando Barrios, Marianne Harris, Marc G Romney, Julio S G Montaner, Chanson J Brumme, Mark A Brockman, Zabrina L Brumme
OBJECTIVE: The immunogenic nature of COVID-19 mRNA vaccines led to some initial concern that these could stimulate the HIV reservoir. We analyzed changes in plasma HIV loads (pVL) and reservoir size following COVID-19 mRNA vaccination in 62 people with HIV (PWH) receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART), and analyzed province-wide trends in pVL before and after the mass vaccination campaign. DESIGN: Longitudinal observational cohort and province-wide analysis. METHODS: 62 participants were sampled pre-vaccination, and one month after their first and second COVID-19 immunizations...
January 15, 2024: AIDS
#26
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Ruolan Wang, Mark Underwood, Josep M Llibre, Enrique Bernal Morell, Cynthia Brinson, José Sanz Moreno, Stefan Scholten, Richard Moore, Parminder Saggu, James Oyee, Riya Moodley, Brian Wynne, Michelle Kisare, Bryn Jones, Mounir Ait-Khaled
BACKGROUND: We compared proportions of participants with target detected, target not detected (TND), and elevated viral load (VL) and assessed baseline variables associated with week 144 inflammatory biomarker levels between dolutegravir-lamivudine (DTG/3TC) and tenofovir alafenamide-based regimens (TBRs) in the TANGO study (post hoc). METHODS: TANGO is an open-label, multicenter, phase 3 study that randomized adults with VL <50 copies/mL to switch to once-daily fixed-dose DTG/3TC or continue TBR...
January 2024: Open Forum Infectious Diseases
#27
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Xiaojie Lao, Hanxi Zhang, Meiju Deng, Qun Li, Qing Xiao, Lin He, Liying Ma, Aqian Song, Xuelei Liang, Fengting Yu, Hongxin Zhao, Fujie Zhang
BACKGROUND: Low-level viremia (LLV) has been identified as a potential precursor to virologic failure (VF), yet its clinical implications, particularly within the context of Integrase Strand Transfer Inhibitors (INSTIs)-based regimens, remain insufficiently explored. The study aimed to investigate the relationship between LLV and VF within ART-naïve patients on INSTIs-based regimens in China. METHODS: A longitudinal cohort study was conducted with ART-naïve patients aged ≥ 18 years at Beijing Ditan Hospital, under the Chinese National Free Antiretroviral Treatment Program (NFATP)...
January 2, 2024: BMC Infectious Diseases
#28
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Jana Blazkova, Emily J Whitehead, Rachel Schneck, Victoria Shi, J Shawn Justement, M Ali Rai, Brooke D Kennedy, Maegan R Manning, Lauren Praiss, Kathleen Gittens, Paul A Wender, Cihan Oguz, Justin Lack, Susan Moir, Tae-Wook Chun
BACKGROUND: A better understanding of the dynamics of HIV reservoirs in CD4+ T cells of people with HIV (PWH) receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART) is crucial for developing therapies to eradicate the virus. METHODS: We conducted a study involving 28 aviremic PWH receiving ART with high and low levels of HIV DNA. We analyzed immunologic and virologic parameters and their association with the HIV reservoir size. RESULTS: The frequency of CD4+ T cells carrying HIV DNA was associated with higher pre-ART plasma viremia, lower pre-ART CD4+ T cell counts, and lower pre-ART CD4/CD8 ratios...
December 21, 2023: Journal of Infectious Diseases
#29
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Wen-Ting Peng, Chuan Jiang, Fei-Lan Yang, Nian-Qi Zhou, Ke-Yu Chen, Jin-Qing Liu, Shi-Fang Peng, Lei Fu
BACKGROUND: The efficacy and safety profile of tenofovir amibufenamide (TMF) in chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients is not well-established. AIM: To compare the efficacy and safety of TMF and tenofovir alafenamide (TAF) over a 48-wk period in patients with CHB. METHODS: A total of 215 subjects meeting the inclusion criteria were enrolled and divided into two groups: TMF group ( n = 106) and the TAF group ( n = 109). The study included a comparison of virological response (VR): Undetectable hepatitis B virus DNA levels, alanine transaminase (ALT) normalization rates, renal function parameters, and blood lipid profiles...
November 28, 2023: World Journal of Gastroenterology: WJG
#30
REVIEW
Gisela Soboll-Hussey, David C Dorman, Brandy A Burgess, Lutz Goehring, Peggy Gross, Claire Neinast, Klaus Osterrieder, Nicola Pusterla, David P Lunn
BACKGROUND: Equine herpes virus type 1 (EHV-1) infection in horses is associated with upper respiratory disease, neurological disease, abortions, and neonatal death. OBJECTIVE: To determine if there is an association between the level and duration of EHV-1 viremia and either abortion or equine herpesvirus myeloencephalopathy (EHM) in domesticated horses? METHODS: A systematic review was performed searching numerous databases to identify peer reviewed reports that evaluated viremia and EHM, or viremia and abortion published before January 19, 2021...
December 9, 2023: Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine
#31
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Privilege Tendai Munjoma, Panashe Chandiwana, Jacqueline Wyss, Arthur John Mazhandu, Sebastian Bruno Ulrich Jordi, Rutendo Gutsire, Leolin Katsidzira, Bahtiyar Yilmaz, Benjamin Misselwitz, Kerina Duri
INTRODUCTION: Combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) effectively controls HIV; however, chronic low-level viremia and gut microbiota dysbiosis remain significant drivers of gut and systemic inflammation. In this study, we explored the relationship between gut microbiota composition, intestinal inflammation, microbial translocation, and systemic inflammation in women on cART in Sub-Saharan Africa. METHODS: We conducted a study in HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected lactating women followed up at 6 weeks and 6 months postpartum in Harare, Zimbabwe...
2023: Frontiers in Immunology
#32
REVIEW
Feilin Ge, Yan Yang, Zhaofang Bai, Lanlan Si, Xuemei Wang, Jia Yu, Xiaohe Xiao, Yan Liu, Zhigang Ren
Chronic hepatitis B (CHB) remains a major world's most serious public health issues. Despite the remarkable effect of nucleos(t)ide analogues (NAs) in inhibiting hepatitis B virus (HBV) deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) as the first-line drug, there are several limitations still, such as poor antigen inhibition, drug resistance, low-level viremia, restricting patients' functional cure. Due to the constraints of NAs, traditional medicines, such as traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), have become more prevalently used and researched in the clinical treatment of CHB as complementary alternative therapies...
December 2, 2023: Chinese Medicine
#33
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Jin-Wen Song, Guang Yang, Matilda N Kamara, Wei Sun, Qun Guan, Umu Barrie, Darlinda F Jiba, Abdulai Tejan Jalloh, Ming Liu, Francis K Tamba, George A Yendewa, Ligui Wang, Rongtao Zhao, Sulaiman Lakoh
INTRODUCTION: Viral load assessment for people living with HIV is key for monitoring treatment and achieving the 95-95-95. In this study, we aimed to assess the degree of viral suppression at different thresholds and treatment duration after the introduction of dolutegravir-based therapy in ten public hospitals in Sierra Leone. METHODS: We used a cross-sectional study design to recruits patients aged 18 years or older between August 2022 and January 2023. Statistical analyses were performed using R-software...
November 29, 2023: Virology Journal
#34
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Sonya Krishnan, Christopher K Lippincott, Stephanie Bjerrum, Marina B Martinez Rivera, Maunank Shah
BACKGROUND: HIV clinical practice guidelines outline broad treatment principles but offer less explicit recommendations by permutations of encountered viral resistance. We hypothesize that there is variability in antiretroviral (ARV) regimen decision making among providers when considering HIV drug resistance (HIVDR). METHODS: US HIV providers provided ARV regimen recommendations for case vignettes in a series of electronic surveys encompassing variations of HIVDR...
November 2023: Open Forum Infectious Diseases
#35
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Ediane Silva, Elizabeth Medina-Ramirez, Selvaraj Pavulraj, Douglas P Gladue, Manuel Borca, Shafiqul I Chowdhury
Classical swine fever (CSF) remains one of the most economically significant viral diseases affecting domestic pigs and wild boars worldwide. To develop a safe and effective vaccine against CSF, we have constructed a triple gene-deleted pseudorabies virus (PRVtmv)-vectored bivalent subunit vaccine against porcine circovirus type 2b (PCV2b) and CSFV (PRVtmv+). In this study, we determined the protective efficacy of the PRVtmv+ against virulent CSFV challenge in pigs. The results revealed that the sham-vaccinated control group pigs developed severe CSFV-specific clinical signs characterized by pyrexia and diarrhea, and became moribund on or before the seventh day post challenge (dpc)...
October 25, 2023: Viruses
#36
REVIEW
Jinchuan Shi, Gaoxiang Ying, Rongrong Zheng, Zhongdong Zhang
BACKGROUND: People living with HIV (PLWH) and receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART) have a goal of achieving and maintaining viral suppression; however, the existence of PLWH that show events of low-level viremia (LLV) between 50 and 1000 copies/mL and with different virological consequences have been observed. Moreover, some reports indicate that LLV status can lead to residual immune activation and inflammation, leading to a higher occurrence of non-AIDS-defining events (nADEs) and other adverse clinical outcomes...
March 2024: HIV Medicine
#37
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Wenwen Jiang, Keshet Ronen, Lusi Osborn, Alison L Drake, Jennifer A Unger, Daniel Matemo, Barbra A Richardson, John Kinuthia, Grace John-Stewart
BACKGROUND: Differentiated service delivery (DSD) approaches decrease frequency of clinic visits for individuals who are stable on antiretroviral therapy (ART). It is unclear how to optimize DSD models for postpartum women living with HIV (PWLH). We evaluated longitudinal HIV viral load (VL) and cofactors, and modelled DSD eligibility with virologic failure (VF) among PWLH in PMTCT programs. METHODS: This analysis used programmatic data from participants in the Mobile WAChX trial (NCT02400671)...
November 15, 2023: Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes: JAIDS
#38
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Natalie N Kinloch, Aniqa Shahid, Winnie Dong, Don Kirkby, Bradley R Jones, Charlotte J Beelen, Daniel MacMillan, Guinevere Q Lee, Talia M Mota, Hanwei Sudderuddin, Evan Barad, Marianne Harris, Chanson J Brumme, R Brad Jones, Mark A Brockman, Jeffrey B Joy, Zabrina L Brumme
Characterizing the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) reservoir that endures despite antiretroviral therapy (ART) is critical to cure efforts. We observed that the oldest proviruses persisting during ART were exclusively defective, while intact proviruses (and rebound HIV) dated to nearer ART initiation. This helps explain why studies that sampled sub-genomic proviruses on-ART (which are largely defective) routinely found sequences dating to early infection, whereas those that sampled replication-competent HIV found almost none...
November 16, 2023: MBio
#39
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Abbas Mohammadi, Behzad Etemad, Xin Zhang, Yijia Li, Gregory J Bedwell, Radwa Sharaf, Autumn Kittilson, Meghan Melberg, Charles R Crain, Anna K Traunbauer, Colline Wong, Jesse Fajnzylber, Daniel P Worrall, Alex Rosenthal, Hannah Jordan, Nikolaus Jilg, Clarety Kaseke, Francoise Giguel, Xiaodong Lian, Rinki Deo, Elisabeth Gillespie, Rida Chishti, Sara Abrha, Taylor Adams, Abigail Siagian, Dominic Dorazio, Peter L Anderson, Steven G Deeks, Michael M Lederman, Sigal Yawetz, Daniel R Kuritzkes, Mathias D Lichterfeld, Scott Sieg, Athe Tsibris, Mary Carrington, Zabrina L Brumme, Jose R Castillo-Mancilla, Alan N Engelman, Gaurav D Gaiha, Jonathan Z Li
Non-suppressible HIV-1 viremia (NSV) is defined as persistent low-level viremia on antiretroviral therapy (ART) without evidence of ART non-adherence or significant drug resistance. Unraveling the mechanisms behind NSV would broaden our understanding of HIV-1 persistence. Here we analyzed plasma virus sequences in eight ART-treated individuals with NSV (88% male) and show that they are composed of large clones without evidence of viral evolution over time in those with longitudinal samples. We defined proviruses that match plasma HIV-1 RNA sequences as 'producer proviruses', and those that did not as 'non-producer proviruses'...
December 2023: Nature Medicine
#40
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Philipp Schommers, Dae Sung Kim, Maike Schlotz, Christoph Kreer, Ralf Eggeling, Anna Hake, Melanie Stecher, Juyeon Park, Caelan E Radford, Adam S Dingens, Meryem S Ercanoglu, Henning Gruell, Stanley Odidika, Marten Dahlhaus, Lutz Gieselmann, Elvin Ahmadov, Rene Y Lawong, Eva Heger, Elena Knops, Christoph Wyen, Tim Kümmerle, Katja Römer, Stefan Scholten, Timo Wolf, Christoph Stephan, Isabelle Suárez, Nagarajan Raju, Anurag Adhikari, Stefan Esser, Hendrik Streeck, Ralf Duerr, Aubin J Nanfack, Susan Zolla-Pazner, Christof Geldmacher, Otto Geisenberger, Arne Kroidl, Wiston William, Lucas Maganga, Nyanda Elias Ntinginya, Ivelin S Georgiev, Jörg J Vehreschild, Michael Hoelscher, Gerd Fätkenheuer, Jason J Lavinder, Jesse D Bloom, Michael S Seaman, Clara Lehmann, Nico Pfeifer, George Georgiou, Florian Klein
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)-neutralizing antibodies (nAbs) that prevent infection are the main goal of HIV vaccine discovery. But as no nAb-eliciting vaccines are yet available, only data from HIV-1 neutralizers-persons with HIV-1 who naturally develop broad and potent nAbs-can inform about the dynamics and durability of nAb responses in humans, knowledge which is crucial for the design of future HIV-1 vaccine regimens. To address this, we assessed HIV-1-neutralizing immunoglobulin G (IgG) from 2,354 persons with HIV-1 on or off antiretroviral therapy (ART)...
November 2023: Nature Medicine
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