wart

Human papillomavirus (HPV) encompasses a diverse array of viruses, comprising approximately 200 serotypes that affect humans. While the majority of HPV strains are associated with benign skin or mucous membrane growths, a subset is implicated in severe health conditions, such as cervical, anal, vulvar, and vaginal cancers. Despite the established effectiveness of HPV vaccines in preventing cervical and anal carcinomas in particular, their therapeutic potential in addressing cutaneous diseases linked to diverse HPV strains remains an intriguing area of investigation...

To better understand the natural history of anogenital warts (AGWs) and the dynamics of HPV6/11 infection in regional hairs, 32 newly diagnosed male patients with AGWs and 32 age-matched healthy controls were closely followed. During enrollment and six follow-up visits (every 2.6 months), 43 AGW tissues and 1232 anogenital and eyebrow hair samples were collected. This is the closest longitudinal monitoring of AGW patients to date. Patients were treated according to standards of care. The HPV6/11 prevalence was 19...

Over the last century, the narrative of cervical cancer history has become intricately tied to virus research, particularly the human papillomavirus (HPV) since the 1970s. The unequivocal proof of HPV's causal role in cervical cancer has placed its detection at the heart of early screening programs across numerous countries. From a historical perspective, sexually transmitted genital warts have been already documented in ancient Latin literature; the remarkable symptoms and clinical descriptions of progressed cervical cancer can be traced back to Hippocrates and classical Greece...

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: The treatment of Waldenström macroglobulinemia (WM) has evolved over the past decade. With the seminal discoveries of MYD88 and CXCR warts, hypogammaglobulinemia, infections, and myelokathexis (WHIM) mutations in WM cells, our understanding of the disease biology and treatment has improved. The development of a new class of agents, Bruton tyrosine kinase inhibitors (BTKi), has substantially impacted the treatment paradigm of WM. Herein, we review the current and emerging BTKi and the evidence for their use in WM...

Cervical cancer is a global health concern and ranks fourth among the most prevalent cancers in women worldwide. Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is a known precursor of cervical cancer and preventive measures include prophylactic vaccines. This study focused on sexually active Paraguayan women aged 18-25 years, exploring the intersection of HPV vaccination and sexual behavior. Among 254 participants, 40.9% received the Gardasil-4 vaccine, with no significant differences in sexual behavior between the vaccinated and unvaccinated sexually active groups...

Recurrent respiratory papillomatosis (RRP) is a non-malignant disease, characterized by the production of wart-like growths in the respiratory tract, affecting both young people and adults (juvenile-onset recurrent respiratory papillomatosis, JORRP, and adult-onset recurrent respiratory papillomatosis, AORRP, respectively). Infection caused by human papillomavirus (HPV) is known as the main factor involved in RRP development. Complications of RRP may rarely occur, including lung involvement and malignant transformation...

Chemokine receptors are members of the G protein-coupled receptor superfamily. The C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4), one of the most studied chemokine receptors, is widely expressed in hematopoietic and immune cell populations. It is involved in leukocyte trafficking in lymphoid organs and inflammatory sites through its interaction with its natural ligand CXCL12. CXCR4 assumes a pivotal role in B-cell development, ranging from early progenitors to the differentiation of antibody-secreting cells. This review emphasizes the significance of CXCR4 across the various stages of B-cell development, including central tolerance, and delves into the association between CXCR4 and B cell-mediated disorders, from immunodeficiencies such as WHIM (warts, hypogammaglobulinemia, infections, and myelokathexis) syndrome to autoimmune diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus...

The relationship between the incidence of bovine teat papillomatosis and the activity of haematophagous flies was investigated in Japan. A total of 15,737 flies consisting of 33 species were collected by dry ice-baited mosquito net (DMN) trap and a sweep net from udders of cattle. Simulium aokii (Takahasi) of Simuliidae (black flies) was the predominant species, followed by S. tobetsuense Ono and S. iwatense (Shiraki). Simulium aokii had the highest peak in October, followed by September. Numbers of blood spots from the bites per teat in nulliparous cattle were significantly correlated with numbers of S...

BACKGROUND: No single treatment is ideal for genital warts with high rate of resistance using conventional modalities as topical podophyllin; however, several intralesional immunotherapies are being tested nowadays, with variable results. In this study, we compared the safety and efficacy of treating resistant and recurrent genital warts by 2 intralesional immunotherapies [ Candida antigen and measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine] and compared them with topical podophyllin. PATIENTS/METHODS: A total of 45 patients with resistant or recurrent genital warts were enrolled in this study...

Human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination protects against HPV-associated cancers and genital warts. Healthy People 2030 goal for HPV vaccine uptake is 80%, but as of 2021, only 58.5% of adolescents are up to date in Georgia. The purpose of the study is to assess the attitudes, vaccine practices, facilitators, and barriers to receiving the HPV vaccine in southwest Georgia. Methods We conducted 40 semi-structured interviews with three different audiences (young adults, parents, and providers and public health professionals) guided by the P3 (patient-, provider-, practice-levels) model and used deductive coding approach...

INTRODUCTION AND SIGNIFICANCE: Intraductal papilloma (IDP) is a benign breast lesion characterized by a small, delicate wart-like growth found within the milk ducts. Typically located centrally behind the nipple, IDP often presents with a serous, serosanguinous, or bloody discharge from the nipple, making it a common cause of abnormal nipple discharge. Differential diagnosis is crucial as it can be mistaken for other conditions such as pigmented Paget's disease and pigmented basal cell carcinoma...

BACKGROUND: Recurrent respiratory papillomatosis (RRP) is a wart-like lesion mainly affecting the larynx, caused by human papillomavirus (HPV) genotypes 6 and 11. The disease affects both children and adults, and there is no cure. Surgery is the current symptom-relieving treatment; however, HPV vaccination is used as an adjuvant treatment. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: The aims were to study effects of HPV vaccination in RRP cases and to compare juvenile-onset to adult-onset disease and high treatment frequency (TF) to low TF cases...

INTRODUCTION: Various treatments available today for anogenital and cutaneous warts have limitations, including time-consuming, challenging to perform, and the risk of scarring. A new treatment using tuberculin purified protein derivative (PPD) has been developed, which is expected to generate cellular immunity against HPV. OBJECTIVE: To assess the evidence for the efficacy and safety of PPD treatment for cutaneous and anogenital warts. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A literature search was performed with the keyword-based search on digital libraries, including the National Library of Medicine, Cochrane Controlled Register of Trial, and Google Scholar, using the following terms: anogenital warts, condyloma acuminata, cutaneous warts, human papillomavirus, immunotherapy, and tuberculin purified protein derivative...

The human papillomavirus (HPV) is a typical sexually transmitted disease that affects different epithelial cells and can cause a number of health problems. HPV is mainly spread through sexual contact and is extremely contagious, even in the absence of obvious symptoms. It is linked to a number of malignancies, such as oropharyngeal, cervical, anal, vulvar, vaginal, and cutaneous as well as anogenital and cutaneous warts. Different vaccines targeting various HPV virus strains have been produced to prevent HPV infections...

We report the case of a young man who has never had any sexual contact presenting with a large scrotal lump with secondary bacterial infection. He reported no prior warts - genital or cutaneous. On examination, he had a large pink cauliform mass on the scrotum with four smaller but similar satellite lesions. Appearances were thought to be consistent with giant condyloma of Buschke and Lowenstein. Once superinfection was treated with oral antibiotics, he had a trial of imiquimod without success and was then referred to urology...

This guideline offers recommendations on the diagnosis, treatment and health promotion principles needed for the effective management of human papillomavirus (HPV)-related warts at anogenital sites including the external genitals, vagina, cervix, urethra, perianus and anal canal. The guideline is aimed primarily at patients aged 16 years or older presenting to healthcare professionals working in level 3 sexual health services in the United Kingdom. However, the principles of the recommendations may be applied in other care settings, including in primary care, using locally adapted care pathways where appropriate...

The Korean Association of Urogenital Tract Infection and Inflammation (KAUTII) and the Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency updated the guidelines for human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine against sexually transmitted HPV infections in Korea to respond to changing epidemiologic trends, evolving scientific evidence, and advances in laboratory diagnostics and research. Main purpose and recommendation of vaccination against HPV are as follows: (1) the purpose of HPV vaccine is to reduce the risk of genital warts and HPV-related cancers including cervical and vulvar cancer, head and neck cancer, anal cancer, and penile cancer; (2) in Korea, bivalent (16, 18) vaccines, quadrivalent vaccines (6, 11, 16, 18), and 9-valent vaccines (6, 11, 16, 18, 31, 33, 45, 52, 58) are used depending on the type of HPV; (3) bivalent and quadrivalent vaccines are national immunizations targeting girls aged 11-12 years and low-income young females aged 18-26 years (age and range of inoculation: routinely administered at 11 or 12 years of age, 2 doses at 0 and 6 months for 12-14 years of age; for females aged 15-26 years, 3 doses depending on the type of vaccine; vaccination can be given to those aged up to 45 years through consultation with a clinician); (4) in the case of administering 2 doses, at least 5 months apart; in the case of administering 3 doses, it is recommended to keep 4 weeks between the 1st and 2nd doses, 12 weeks between the 2nd and 3rd doses, and 5 months between the 1st and 3rd doses; (5) immunocompromised patients such as those with HIV, malignant neoplasms, and autoimmune diseases, and those undergoing transplantation or immunosuppressive therapy should receive 3 doses...

BACKGROUND: Anogenital warts (AGWs) caused by the human papillomavirus (HPV) are a common manifestation of HPV infection. Treatment strategies generally include topical therapies to promote wart regression or removal through surgical or other means. These strategies are effective but are associated with high rates of recurrence. HPV vaccines are known to be effective for prevention of AGWs yet preliminary data suggest they may offer therapeutic benefit for regression of active AGWs. OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to determine the efficacy of HPV vaccines for treatment of active AGWs...

Warts, hypogammaglobulinaemia, infections and myelokathexis syndrome (WHIMS) is a rare combined primary immunodeficiency caused by the gain of function of the CXCR4 chemokine receptor. We present the prevalence of cancer in WHIMS patients based on data from the French Severe Chronic Neutropenia Registry and an exhaustive literature review. The median follow-up of the 14 WHIMS 'patients was 28.5 years. A central review and viral evaluation of pathological samples were organized, and we conducted a thorough literature review to identify all reports of WHIMS cases...

A new myxomycete species, Arcyria similaris , was reported herein. The specimens were found and collected in the field on dead bark from Jingangtai National Geopark in Henan Province of China. This species has distinct and unique morphological characteristics, including dark grayish olive sporothecae that fade to smoke gray with age, shallow saucer-shaped cups with marked reticulations and thick papillae on the inner surface, a netted capillitium with many bulges, uniformly marked with low, dense, and irregular reticulations, and spores (8...