Hypothesis on carcinoma gallbladder

Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi ( S . Typhi), a human-restricted pathogen, invades the host through the gut to cause typhoid fever. Recent calculations of the typhoid fever burden estimated that more than 10 million new typhoid fever cases occur in low and middle-income countries, resulting in 65,400-187,700 deaths yearly. Interestingly, if not antibiotic-treated, upon the resolution of acute disease, 1%-5% of patients become asymptomatic chronic carriers. Chronically infected hosts are not only critical reservoirs of infection that transmit the disease to naive individuals but are also predisposed to developing gallbladder carcinoma...

BACKGROUND & AIMS: Our previous genomic whole-exome sequencing (WES) data identified the key ErbB pathway mutations that play an essential role in regulating the malignancy of gallbladder cancer (GBC). Herein, we tested the hypothesis that individual cellular components of the tumor microenvironment (TME) in GBC function differentially to participate in ErbB pathway mutation-dependent tumor progression. METHODS: We engaged single-cell RNA-sequencing to reveal transcriptomic heterogeneity and intercellular crosstalk from 13 human GBCs and adjacent normal tissues...

Mixed neuroendocrine-non-neuroendocrine neoplasms (MiNENs) of the gallbladder are generally composed of adenocarcinoma and neuroendocrine carcinoma (NEC). Rare cases associated with intracholecystic papillary neoplasm (ICPN) have been reported. Although recent molecular data suggest that the different components of digestive MiNENs originate from a common precursor stem cell, this aspect has been poorly investigated in gallbladder MiNENs. We describe the clinicopathologic and molecular features of a MiNEN composed of ICPN, adenocarcinoma, and NEC...

INTRODUCTION: On occasional cholecystectomies, pathologists encounter incidental dysplasia in the gallbladder mucosa in the sections submitted per protocol for histologic examination. If dysplasia is identified, additional sections are taken and/or the gallbladder is entirely submitted to rule out underlying adenocarcinoma. The aim of our study was to assess the incidence of subsequent identification of invasive adenocarcinoma on additional sections, after an incidentally detected dysplasia was noted on a routine cholecystectomy section...

PURPOSE: Gallbladder sarcomatoid carcinoma is a rare cancer with no clinical standard treatment. With the rapid development of next generation sequencing, it has been able to provide reasonable treatment options for patients based on genetic variations. However, most cancer drugs are not approval for gallbladder sarcomatoid carcinoma indications. The correlation between drug response and a genetic variation needs to be further elucidated. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: Three patient-derived cells-JXQ-3D-001, JXQ-3D-002, and JXQ-3D-003, were derived from biopsy samples of one gallbladder sarcomatoid carcinoma patient with progression and have been characterized...

Chronic aflatoxin exposure has long been related to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Recently, its association with gallbladder cancer (GBC) was postulated. Here we present the data supporting this hypothesis in Chile, the country with the highest GBC mortality worldwide with age-standardized mortality rates (ASMR) of 10.3 in women and 5.04 in men. The highest GBC rates occur in Southern Chile (ASMR=18), characterized by: high Amerindian ancestry, associated with high bile acid synthesis and gallstones; high poverty and high cereal agriculture, both associated with aflatoxin exposure...

A 62-year-old female presented with abdominal pain, weight loss of 20 kg in the prior 6 months, and a palpable mass in the right upper quadrant during physical exam. Standard liver tests, including screening for hepatitis B and C and alpha-fetoprotein were negative or within normal limits. Computerized tomography depicted a transmural gallbladder tumor infiltrating into the adjacent liver with an irregular ill-defined mass occupying segments IV-V-VI, measuring 13.0 x 9.2 x 8.5 cm, with a solid-cystic component and heterogeneous captation of endovenous contrast media...

BACKGROUND: Evidence on associations between self-reported diabetes mellitus, diabetes duration, age at diabetes diagnosis, insulin treatment, and risk of biliary tract cancer (BTC) and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), independent of general and abdominal obesity is scarce. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We conducted a prospective analysis in the EPIC-cohort study among 363 426 participants with self-reported diabetes data. Multivariable adjusted relative risks and 95% confidence intervals were estimated from Cox regression models...

BACKGROUND: Adenomyomas of the gallbladder are difficult to examine during standard ultrasound examination of the abdomen. They sometimes undergo malignant transformation and their optimal management still remains a problem. The authors have aimed to investigate the ultrasonographic and histopathological prevalence of gallbladder adenomyomas focusing on the diagnostic performance of ultrasound examination. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective series of 450 consecutive patients who underwent cholecystectomy is reported...

AIM: The aim of the study was to perform a comparative analysis of proliferative and apoptotic activity as well as of microvascular density (MVD) in metaplasia, dysplasia and gallbladder carcinoma. MATERIAL AND METHOD: There were investigated 10 cases of chronic cholecystitis associating premalignant lesions and 5 cases of gallbladder carcinoma developed on a chronic cholecystitis background. The immunohistochemical (IHC) staining was made using Ki-67, p53 and CD34 antibodies, and the streptavidin-biotin method...

The authors are interested in determining causes of gallbladder cancer (GBC). By this intention, they theorize a correlation between genetic modifications (which are responsible of malignant transformation of biliary epithelium) and some intestinal infections. From 1999 to 2004 they observed 15 GBC and all 15 gallbladder have been analyzed histologically and from microbiological aspect; by these means from 1999 till 2004 they have studied also 30 persons with colelithiasis. The authors noticed that bile of both groups contained, in three cases in the first and in 8 cases in the second, a germ named Escherichia Coli which normally lives in intestine, while in 10 operated gallbladders of the first group and 12 of the second there was a positive for k-ras...

OBJECTIVE: Prognosis of gallbladder carcinoma is poor. The two most important factors having the greatest effect on survival are pathologic stage of disease and histologic grade of the tumour. Our study points towards the value of HLA-DR antigen in the prognosis of gallbladder carcinoma. DESIGN: Thirty one cases of dysplasia of the gallbladder, 12 cases of carcinoma in situ, and 39 cases of invasive carcinoma for the detection of HLA-DR monoclonal antigen were studied...

Stroke remains the third leading cause of mortality in developed countries despite declining tendency over the past decades. As the leading cause of disability and second cause of dementia, primary prevention should be the main way to fight the disease, since therapy is not efficient enough. Several observations pointed to estrogen as a protective agent that may reduce stroke risk, however, studies have shown conflicting data. There is no strong evidence that hormone replacement therapy (HRT) increases stroke risk...

This study was designed to test the hypothesis that cyclin D1 overexpression is involved in the multistep process of gallbladder carcinogenesis and can be used to predict poor prognosis for patients with gallbladder carcinoma (GBC). Cyclin D1 expression was examined immunohistochemically in a series of specimens, including 8 normal epithelia, 8 benign adenomyoma lesions, 6 precancerous adenomas, and 37 carcinomas of the gallbladder. Four of the 6 (67%) adenomas and 15 of the 37 (41%) adenocarcinomas demonstrated cyclin D1 overexpression (>5% nuclear staining), whereas all normal epithelia and adenomyoma lesions were negative for cyclin D1...

BACKGROUND: The present study reviewed the occurrence of gall bladder carcinoma in patients who underwent a cholecystectomy for gallstone disease. METHODS: A retrospective study of demographical and clinical information for patients who underwent a cholecystectomy and operative cholangiogram for gallstones predominantly in three major hospitals located in the northern area of Melbourne was carried out. RESULTS: Gall bladder carcinomas were observed in 14 patients (3...

PURPOSE: This study was undertaken to assess the ability of computed tomography (CT) to predict the likelihood of optimal primary tumor cytoreduction in women with epithelial ovarian carcinoma. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Fifty-one women with preoperative CT and a histologic diagnosis of epithelial ovarian carcinoma following primary tumor operation by a gynecologic oncologist were identified. Forty-two CT scans were retrospectively analyzed. CT findings of attachment of the omentum to the spleen or disease greater than 2 cm on the diaphragm, liver surface, or parenchyma, pleura, mesentery, gallbladder fossa, or suprarenal paraaortic nodes were coded to represent unresectable disease...

For the determination of whether mothers of dizygous (DZ) male-female twins or other polyzygous (unlike sexed) multiple births have cancer incidence different from that of controls, a cohort study was conducted with the use of the records of the Connecticut Twin Registry and the Connecticut Tumor Registry (CTR). A total of 3,982 women born between 1885 and 1935 who had borne DZ (male-female) twins or who had experienced other polyzygous multiple births in Connecticut during 1925-59 and a control group of 3,982 women, matched pairwise on year of childbirth, age, number of previous children, race, and national origin, were searched in the CTR for the incidence of cancer of all sites...

The preponderance of gallstones in fertile women suggests that female sex hormones play a role in the pathogenesis of cholelithiasis. In a pilot study we found estrogen receptors and high concentrations of estrogen in gallbladders of persons who underwent cholecystectomy for cholelithiasis. This finding, as well as previous reports on estrogen receptors in diverse human tumors, support the hypothesis that estrogen influences the development of gallstone disease and gallbladder carcinoma.