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REVIEW
Marta H Woolford, Susan J Stacpoole, Lisa Clinnick
OBJECTIVES: Resident-to-resident elder mistreatment (R-REM) between residents living in residential aged care (RAC) services is a challenging issue in relation to the care of older people. Evidence suggests that R-REM, such as verbal, physical, and sexual conflict between residents, is a common and pervasive issue. This review examines the frequency with which R-REM occurs in RAC services; identifies the types of R-REM that occur; and provides an overview of the reported characteristics of both the victim and perpetrator involved in the R-REM event...
March 13, 2021: Journal of the American Medical Directors Association
#2
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Jeanne A Teresi, Stephanie Silver, Mildred Ramirez, Jian Kong, Joseph P Eimicke, Gabriel D Boratgis, Rhoda Meador, Leslie Schultz, Mark S Lachs, Karl A Pillemer
BACKGROUND: Resident-to-resident elder mistreatment (R-REM) is defined as negative and aggressive physical, sexual, or verbal interactions between (long-term care) residents that in a community setting would likely be construed as unwelcome and have high potential to cause physical and/or psychological harm and distress. R-REM has been established as a serious problem that has a negative impact on the safety, physical well-being, and quality-of-life of residents living in nursing homes...
August 12, 2020: Trials
#3
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Rosita Zakeri, John M Morgan, Patrick Phillips, Sue Kitt, G Andre Ng, Janet M McComb, Simon Williams, David J Wright, Jaswinder S Gill, Alison Seed, Klaus K Witte, Martin R Cowie
BACKGROUND: Cardiac implanted electronic devices (CIEDs) can detect short durations of previously unrecognised atrial fibrillation (AF). The prognostic significance of device-detected subclinical AF, in the context of contemporary heart failure (HF) therapy, is unclear. METHODS: Amongst patients enrolled in the Remote Monitoring in HF with implanted devices (REM-HF) trial, three categories were defined based on total AF duration in the first year of follow-up: no AF, subclinical AF (≥6 min to ≤24 h), and AF >24 h...
August 1, 2020: International Journal of Cardiology
#4
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Rosita Zakeri, John M Morgan, Patrick Phillips, Sue Kitt, G Andre Ng, Janet M McComb, Simon Williams, David J Wright, Jaswinder S Gill, Alison Seed, Klaus K Witte, Martin R Cowie
AIMS: Studies of remote monitoring (RM) in heart failure (HF) speculate that patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) derive the greatest benefit. We compared the impact of RM vs. usual care on clinical outcomes for patients with and without AF enrolled in the Remote Management of Heart Failure Using Implanted Electronic Devices (REM-HF) trial. METHODS AND RESULTS: Rhythm status was available for 1561 patients (94.6%). Three categories were defined based on total AF duration during the first year of follow-up: (i) no AF (n = 1211, 77...
March 2020: European Journal of Heart Failure
#5
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Patrick Koo, Eric J Gartman, Jigme M Sethi, F Dennis McCool
PURPOSE: Patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) may experience apneas and hypopneas primarily during stage R (REM) sleep when end-expiratory lung volume (EELV) reaches its nadir. The purpose of this study was to determine if REM-related reductions in EELV persist in the presence of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) prescribed during non-stage REM (NREM) sleep. METHODS: We prospectively recruited 17 subjects referred to the sleep laboratory for CPAP titration...
May 4, 2019: Sleep & Breathing
#6
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Xiao-Ting Wang, Gang Zhao, Ling Tu, Zhi-Yong Yue, Zhen-Hua Liu, Jie Han, Kun Gao, Xuan-Chen Zhou, Shuai Xu, Jian-Feng Li
This work is aimed at exploring the clinical efficacy of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) in treatment of patients with arrhythmias combined with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Through evaluating serum native thiol, malonaldehyde (MDA) and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase (NADPH oxidase) in these patients and describing the effects on oxidative parameters of CPAP therapy for 3 months, we confirmed the impact of oxidative stress on arrhythmias. A total of 64 patients with OSA combined with arrhythmias were collected from April 2014 to April 2017 with full clinical information...
February 2019: Current Medical Science
#7
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Joana Ferreira, João Tavares, Liliana Sousa
This study explores patterns of resident-to-resident elder mistreatment (R-REM) in Portuguese Residential Structures for Elderly People (ERI: Estruturas Residenciais para Idosos). Results display a serious situation of R-REM, which occurs in different patterns.
January 2019: Journal of Elder Abuse & Neglect
#8
COMPARATIVE STUDY
Jeanne A Teresi, Mildred Ramírez, Terry Fulmer, Julie Ellis, Stephanie Silver, Jian Kong, Joseph P Eimicke, Gabriel Boratgis, Rhoda Meador, Mark S Lachs, Karl Pillemer
Resident-to-resident elder mistreatment (R-REM) occurs frequently in long-term services and support settings. The purpose of the current study was to evaluate the effect of a R-REM training program for nursing and other frontline staff on resident falls and injuries in a cluster randomized trial of units within four nursing homes. Interview and observational data from a sample of 1,201 residents (n = 600 and n = 601 in the usual care and intervention groups, respectively) and staff were collected at baseline and 6 and 12 months...
June 1, 2018: Journal of Gerontological Nursing
#9
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Patrick Koo, Eric J Gartman, Jigme M Sethi, Eyad Kawar, F Dennis McCool
STUDY OBJECTIVES: As lung volume decreases radial traction on the upper airway is reduced, making it more collapsible. The purpose of this study was to measure change in end-expiratory lung volume (EELV) following sleep onset and to evaluate the relationship between change in EELV and sleep-disordered breathing. METHODS: Twenty subjects underwent overnight polysomnography, of whom 14 (70%) had obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Change in EELV was measured throughout the night using magnetometry...
August 15, 2017: Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine: JCSM: Official Publication of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine
#10
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Mark S Lachs, Jeanne A Teresi, Mildred Ramirez, Kimberly van Haitsma, Stephanie Silver, Joseph P Eimicke, Gabriel Boratgis, Gail Sukha, Jian Kong, Alexandra M Besas, Maria Reyes Luna, Karl A Pillemer
BACKGROUND: Resident-to-resident elder mistreatment (R-REM) in nursing homes can cause physical and psychological injury and death, yet its prevalence remains unknown. OBJECTIVE: To estimate the prevalence of physical, verbal, and sexual R-REM in nursing home residents and subgroups. DESIGN: 1-month observational prevalence study. SETTING: 5 urban and 5 suburban New York state nursing homes. PARTICIPANTS: 2011 residents in 10 facilities randomly selected on the basis of size and location; 83% of facilities and 84% of eligible residents participated...
August 16, 2016: Annals of Internal Medicine
#11
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Dheeraj Pelluru, Roda Rani Konadhode, Narayan R Bhat, Priyattam J Shiromani
A distributed network of neurons regulates wake, non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep, and REM sleep. However, there are also glia in the brain, and there is growing evidence that neurons and astroglia communicate intimately to regulate behaviour. To identify the effect of optogenetic stimulation of astrocytes on sleep, the promoter for the astrocyte-specific cytoskeletal protein, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) was used to direct the expression of channelrhodopsin-2 (ChR2) and the linked reporter gene, enhanced yellow fluorescent protein (EYFP), in astrocytes...
May 2016: European Journal of Neuroscience
#12
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Elizabeth McDevitt, Mohammad Niknazar, Sara Mednick
Daily living involves copious information processing that has the potential to "overload" the brain and result in memory loss (i.e., interference). Since we do not need to stabilize each waking experience with a nap before encountering the next, there must be a mechanism that allows the brain to rescue memories damaged by interference. Using a texture discrimination task with short training (120 trials/condition), we induced interference by testing back-to-back conditions in the same visual field before a consolidation period...
2015: Journal of Vision
#13
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Babak Mokhlesi, Erika W Hagen, Laurel A Finn, Khin Mae Hla, Jason R Carter, Paul E Peppard
BACKGROUND: Non-dipping of nocturnal blood pressure (BP) is associated with target organ damage and cardiovascular disease. Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) is associated with incident non-dipping. However, the relationship between disordered breathing during rapid eye movement (REM) sleep and the risk of developing non-dipping has not been examined. This study investigates whether OSA during REM sleep is associated with incident non-dipping. METHODS: Our sample included 269 adults enrolled in the Wisconsin Sleep Cohort Study who completed two or more 24 h ambulatory BP studies over an average of 6...
November 2015: Thorax
#14
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Cheryl Barnabe, Ye Sun, Gilles Boire, Carol A Hitchon, Boulos Haraoui, J Carter Thorne, Diane Tin, Désirée van der Heijde, Jeffrey R Curtis, Shahin Jamal, Janet E Pope, Edward C Keystone, Susan Bartlett, Vivian P Bykerk
Our objective was to identify distinct trajectories of disease activity state (DAS) and assess variation in radiographic progression, function and quality of life over the first two years of early rheumatoid arthritis (ERA). The CATCH (Canadian early ArThritis CoHort) is a prospective study recruiting ERA patients from academic and community rheumatology clinics in Canada. Sequential DAS28 scores were used to identify five mutually exclusive groups in the cohort (n = 1,586) using growth-based trajectory modeling...
2015: PloS One
#15
REVIEW
Massimo Sartelli, Mark A Malangoni, Fikri M Abu-Zidan, Ewen A Griffiths, Stefano Di Bella, Lynne V McFarland, Ian Eltringham, Vishal G Shelat, George C Velmahos, Ciarán P Kelly, Sahil Khanna, Zaid M Abdelsattar, Layan Alrahmani, Luca Ansaloni, Goran Augustin, Miklosh Bala, Frédéric Barbut, Offir Ben-Ishay, Aneel Bhangu, Walter L Biffl, Stephen M Brecher, Adrián Camacho-Ortiz, Miguel A Caínzos, Laura A Canterbury, Fausto Catena, Shirley Chan, Jill R Cherry-Bukowiec, Jesse Clanton, Federico Coccolini, Maria Elena Cocuz, Raul Coimbra, Charles H Cook, Yunfeng Cui, Jacek Czepiel, Koray Das, Zaza Demetrashvili, Isidoro Di Carlo, Salomone Di Saverio, Irina Magdalena Dumitru, Catherine Eckert, Christian Eckmann, Edward H Eiland, Mushira Abdulaziz Enani, Mario Faro, Paula Ferrada, Joseph Derek Forrester, Gustavo P Fraga, Jean Louis Frossard, Rita Galeiras, Wagih Ghnnam, Carlos Augusto Gomes, Venkata Gorrepati, Mohamed Hassan Ahmed, Torsten Herzog, Felicia Humphrey, Jae Il Kim, Arda Isik, Rao Ivatury, Yeong Yeh Lee, Paul Juang, Luis Furuya-Kanamori, Aleksandar Karamarkovic, Peter K Kim, Yoram Kluger, Wen Chien Ko, Francis D LaBarbera, Jae Gil Lee, Ari Leppaniemi, Varut Lohsiriwat, Sanjay Marwah, John E Mazuski, Gokhan Metan, Ernest E Moore, Frederick Alan Moore, Carl Erik Nord, Carlos A Ordoñez, Gerson Alves Pereira Júnior, Nicola Petrosillo, Francisco Portela, Basant K Puri, Arnab Ray, Mansoor Raza, Miran Rems, Boris E Sakakushev, Gabriele Sganga, Patrizia Spigaglia, David B Stewart, Pierre Tattevin, Jean Francois Timsit, Kathleen B To, Cristian Tranà, Waldemar Uhl, Libor Urbánek, Harry van Goor, Angela Vassallo, Jean Ralph Zahar, Emanuele Caproli, Pierluigi Viale
In the last two decades there have been dramatic changes in the epidemiology of Clostridium difficile infection (CDI), with increases in incidence and severity of disease in many countries worldwide. The incidence of CDI has also increased in surgical patients. Optimization of management of C difficile, has therefore become increasingly urgent. An international multidisciplinary panel of experts prepared evidenced-based World Society of Emergency Surgery (WSES) guidelines for management of CDI in surgical patients...
2015: World Journal of Emergency Surgery: WJES
#16
JOURNAL ARTICLE
James P Roach, Eshel Ben-Jacob, Leonard M Sander, Michal R Zochowski
Acetylcholine (ACh) is a regulator of neural excitability and one of the neurochemical substrates of sleep. Amongst the cellular effects induced by cholinergic modulation are a reduction in spike-frequency adaptation (SFA) and a shift in the phase response curve (PRC). We demonstrate in a biophysical model how changes in neural excitability and network structure interact to create three distinct functional regimes: localized asynchronous, traveling asynchronous, and traveling synchronous. Our results qualitatively match those observed experimentally...
August 2015: PLoS Computational Biology
#17
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Rachel R Markwald, Sara C Bessman, Seth A Reini, Sean P A Drummond
STUDY OBJECTIVES: Portable and automated sleep monitoring technology is becoming widely available to consumers, and one wireless system (WS) has recently surfaced as a research tool for sleep and sleep staging assessment outside the hospital/laboratory; however, previous research findings indicate low sensitivity for wakefulness detection. Because difficulty discriminating between wake and sleep is likely to affect staging performance, we sought to further evaluate the WS by comparing it to the gold-standard polysomnography (PSG) and actigraphy (ACT) for overall sleep/wakefulness detection and sleep staging, within high and low sleep efficiency sleepers...
January 2016: Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine: JCSM: Official Publication of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine
#18
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Julia Lechinger, Dominik Philip Johannes Heib, Walter Gruber, Manuel Schabus, Wolfgang Klimesch
Based on physiological models of neurovisceral integration, different studies have shown how cognitive processes modulate heart rate and how the heartbeat, on the other hand, modulates brain activity. We tried to further determine interactions between cardiac and electrical brain activity by means of EEG. We investigated how the heartbeat modulates EEG in 23 healthy controls from wakefulness to deep sleep and showed that frontocentral heartbeat evoked EEG amplitude and phase locking (as measured by intertrial phase locking), at about 300-400 ms after the R peak, decreased with increasing sleep depth with a renewed increase during REM sleep, which underpins the assumption that the heartbeat evoked positivity constitutes an active frontocortical response to the heartbeat...
November 2015: Psychophysiology
#19
COMPARATIVE STUDY
Peter H Sudmant, Swapan Mallick, Bradley J Nelson, Fereydoun Hormozdiari, Niklas Krumm, John Huddleston, Bradley P Coe, Carl Baker, Susanne Nordenfelt, Michael Bamshad, Lynn B Jorde, Olga L Posukh, Hovhannes Sahakyan, W Scott Watkins, Levon Yepiskoposyan, M Syafiq Abdullah, Claudio M Bravi, Cristian Capelli, Tor Hervig, Joseph T S Wee, Chris Tyler-Smith, George van Driem, Irene Gallego Romero, Aashish R Jha, Sena Karachanak-Yankova, Draga Toncheva, David Comas, Brenna Henn, Toomas Kivisild, Andres Ruiz-Linares, Antti Sajantila, Ene Metspalu, Jüri Parik, Richard Villems, Elena B Starikovskaya, George Ayodo, Cynthia M Beall, Anna Di Rienzo, Michael F Hammer, Rita Khusainova, Elza Khusnutdinova, William Klitz, Cheryl Winkler, Damian Labuda, Mait Metspalu, Sarah A Tishkoff, Stanislav Dryomov, Rem Sukernik, Nick Patterson, David Reich, Evan E Eichler
In order to explore the diversity and selective signatures of duplication and deletion human copy-number variants (CNVs), we sequenced 236 individuals from 125 distinct human populations. We observed that duplications exhibit fundamentally different population genetic and selective signatures than deletions and are more likely to be stratified between human populations. Through reconstruction of the ancestral human genome, we identify megabases of DNA lost in different human lineages and pinpoint large duplications that introgressed from the extinct Denisova lineage now found at high frequency exclusively in Oceanic populations...
September 11, 2015: Science
#20
COMPARATIVE STUDY
Leigh-Anne Dell, Muhammad A Spocter, Nina Patzke, Karl Æ Karlson, Abdulaziz N Alagaili, Nigel C Bennett, Osama B Muhammed, Mads F Bertelsen, Jerome M Siegel, Paul R Manger
The species of the cetacean and artiodactyl suborders, which constitute the order Cetartiodactyla, exhibit very different sleep phenomenology, with artiodactyls showing typical bihemispheric slow wave and REM sleep, while cetaceans show unihemispheric slow wave sleep and appear to lack REM sleep. The aim of this study was to determine whether cetaceans and artiodactyls have differently organized orexinergic arousal systems by examining the density of orexinergic innervation to the cerebral cortex, as this projection will be involved in various aspects of cortical arousal...
October 2015: Journal of Chemical Neuroanatomy
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