Nutrition support

Dietary modifications can help to prevent and manage many chronic diseases. The Mediterranean and Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diets emphasize consumption of fruits and vegetables while reducing intake of red meat. These diets are supported by well-established evidence for patients with cardiovascular disease and hypertension, respectively. Whole-food, plant-based diets have been shown to result in reduced body weight, lower A1c levels, and decreased insulin resistance in patients with diabetes...

BACKGROUND: A low socioeconomic status is associated with a vulnerable health status (VHS) through the accumulation of health-related risk factors, such as poor lifestyle behaviors (eg, inadequate nutrition, chronic stress, and impaired health literacy). For pregnant women, a VHS translates into a high incidence of adverse pregnancy outcomes and therefore pregnancy-related inequity. We hypothesize that stimulating adequate pregnancy preparation, targeting lifestyle behaviors and preconception care (PCC) uptake, can reduce these inequities and improve the pregnancy outcomes of women with a VHS...

PURPOSE: Many cancer patients have problems eating which are usually connected to taste and smell alterations due to side effects of cancer treatment. These problems have consequences both in terms of malnutrition and reduced quality of life. In order to explore social and psychological consequences of eating problems in cancer patients, qualitative interviews were conducted with cancer patients, their caregivers and healthcare professionals. METHODS: The study was conducted in three European countries (Poland, Spain and the UK) that differed in culture, oncology care approaches and availability of nutritional products targeted to cancer patients in the market...

The emerging field of precision nutrition is based on the notion that inter-individual responses across diets of different calorie-macronutrient content may contribute to inter-individual differences in metabolism, adiposity, and weight gain. Free-living diet studies have been traditionally challenged by difficulties in controlling adherence to prescribed calories and macronutrient content and rarely allow a period of metabolic stability prior to metabolic measures (to minimize influences of weight changes)...

BACKGROUND: The safety and efficacy of sofosbuvir-velpatasvir in children aged 3-17 years with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection of any genotype were evaluated. METHODS: In this Phase 2, multicenter, open-label study, patients received once daily for 12 weeks either sofosbuvir-velpatasvir 400/100 mg tablet (12-17 years), 200/50 mg low dose tablet or oral granules (3-11 years and ≥17 kg), or 150/37.5 mg oral granules (3-5 years and <17 kg)...

OBJECTIVE: Switching regular salt (sodium chloride) for salt enriched with potassium chloride (25% potassium chloride, 75% sodium chloride) has been shown to reduce blood pressure and the risk of cardiovascular diseases. We sought to define the potential for current production of sodium chloride and potassium chloride to support a global switch to the use of potassium-enriched salt. DESIGN: We summarised data from geological surveys, government reports and trade organisations describing the global production and supply of sodium chloride and potash (the primary source of potassium chloride) and compared this to potential requirements for potassium-enriched salt...

PURPOSE: We evaluated the efficacy of megestrol in improving chemotherapy-related anorexia by analyzing the related scales of taste alteration. METHODS: We conducted the current study on a group of advanced patients with cancer with two or more chemotherapy cycles. The chemotherapy-induced taste alteration scale (CiTAs) scale helped assess the megestrol effects on basic taste perception, aversive taste changes, unpleasant symptoms, and associated concerns. Furthermore, the Short Nutritional Assessment Questionnaire scale (SNAQ) helped measure the impact of megestrol on malnutrition likelihood in patients experiencing chemotherapy-induced anorexia...

Objective: To investigate the safety and feasibility of endoscopic full-thickness resection (EFTR) in the treatment of near-clinical complete response (near-cCR) rectal cancer after neoadjuvant therapy. Methods: A 74-year-old female patient with cT3N0M0 stage rectal adenocarcinoma who refused radical surgery for rectal cancer underwent neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (5 cycles of CapeOx chemotherapy and concurrent radiotherapy for 25 sessions) after multidisciplinary team discussion. One month after completing neoadjuvant treatment, reassessment including digital rectal examination, colonoscopy, and pelvic enhanced magnetic resonance imaging suggested near-cCR...

BACKGROUND: Patients receiving home parenteral nutrition (HPN) are known to experience psychological distress and have profoundly disrupted sleep. The aim of this analysis was to examine the relationship between sleep patterns with depressive symptoms and HPN characteristics. METHODS: The study was a secondary analysis of cross-sectional data examining sleep patterns using subjective and objective measures. Sleep was assessed by surveys and 7-day actigraphy. The Patient Health Questionnaire-8 was used to evaluate depressive symptoms...

Eating behaviour that does not centralise weight, otherwise known as weight-neutral, is associated with improved physical and psychological health, and greater health promoting behaviours. However, consolidated evidence is lacking. This study aimed to systematically evaluate 'health-centric' eating behaviour reflective of weight-neutral approaches, and their relationship with health (physical and mental) and health promoting behaviours. A systematic search was performed, identifying observational studies with adult populations, ≥1 physical/mental health outcome(s), and ≥1 validated measure(s) of health-centric eating behaviour...

OBJECTIVE: Female reproductive disorders (FRDs) are common health conditions that may present with significant symptoms. Diet and environment are potential areas for FRD interventions. We utilized a knowledge graph (KG) method to predict factors associated with common FRDs (for example, endometriosis, ovarian cyst, and uterine fibroids). MATERIALS AND METHODS: We harmonized survey data from the Personalized Environment and Genes Study (PEGS) on internal and external environmental exposures and health conditions with biomedical ontology content...

BACKGROUND: Pancreatic ductal carcinoma (PDAC) is an extremely poor prognostic disease. Even though multidisciplinary treatment for PDAC has developed, supportive therapies, such as nutritional therapy or perioperative rehabilitation to sustain and complete aggressive treatment, have not yet been well-established in PDAC. The aim of this study was to elucidate the relationship between the combined index using psoas muscle mass index (PMI) values and controlling nutritional status (CONUT) score and prognosis...

BACKGROUND: The causal nature of gut microbiota and cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) is still obscure regardless of evidence supporting their observational correlations. OBJECTIVE: The primary objective of this research is to investigate the potentially pathogenic or protective causal impacts of specific gut microbiota on various neuroimaging subtypes of CSVD. METHODS: We obtained the latest summary-level genome-wide databases for gut microbiota and nine CSVD traits...

To explore the impact of the Mediterranean diet on cardiovascular risk factors, glycemic control and weight loss in patients with type 2 diabetes(T2D) by a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs). We systematically searched PubMed, Cochrance Library, EMBASE and four Chinese databases to identify RCTs that compared the Mediterranean diet with control diets in patients with T2D up to December 2021. The Risk of Bias of the included studies was assessed using the version 2 of the Cochrane risk-of-bias tools for randomized trials (ROB 2)...

BACKGROUND: Digital interventions are potential tools for reducing and limiting occupational sedentary behaviour (SB) in sedentary desk-based jobs. Given the harmful effects of sitting too much and sitting for too long while working, the aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to examine the effectiveness of workplace interventions, that incorporated digital elements, to reduce the time spent in SB in office workers. METHODS: Randomised control trials that evaluated the implementation of workplace interventions that incorporated digital elements for breaking and limiting SB among desk-based jobs were identified by literature searches in six electronic databases (PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, CINAHL, PsycINFO and PEDro) published up to 2023...

BACKGROUND: Malnutrition in children with neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) is a significant global public health issue. Nutritional assessment combined with management or advice are essential to produce optimal outcomes. OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study was to assess nutritional status and the sociodemographic profile of children with neurodevelopmental disorders in Bangladesh. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted from December to April 2020 among the population of children with NDDs who presented to the pediatric department of the TMSS Medical College and Rafatullah Community Hospital in Bogura during this period...

BACKGROUND: Care of older adults requires comprehensive management and control of systemic diseases, which can be effectively managed by family physicians. Complicated medical conditions in older patients admitted to orthopedic departments (orthopedic patients) necessitate interprofessional collaboration. Nutrition is one of the essential components of management involved in improving the systemic condition of older patients. Nutrition support teams play an important role in nutrition management and can be supported by family physicians...

Methionine (Met) supplementation is common practice in broilers to support nutrition, yet there are gaps in the understanding of its role in systemic physiology. Furthermore, several different Met sources are available that may have different physiological effects. This study evaluated the mode of action of Met deficiency (no Met-supplementation) and supplementation (0.25% DL- or L-Met, 0.41% liquid methionine hydroxy analog-free acid (MHA-FA)), and of Met source (DL-, L- or MHA-FA) in broiler chickens, via host transcriptomics...

Following a serious incident and inquest after the death of a patient due to choking at Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, the Trust put in place an action plan and implemented strategies to reduce the risk of recurrence. Four key actions were identified as essential to try to reduce the risk of a similar event: introduction of a standard operating procedure for mealtimes that included a pre-meal safety 'pause'; use of an electronic communication icon to indicate modified diet/fluid requirements, from emergency department and onward as a patient is transferred; job-specific mealtime safety training; and use of bedside posters with specific dietary requirements (in line with the International Dysphagia Diet Standards Initiative Framework)...

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to discover the prevalence of school nutrition state legislation and to identify the correlates of enactment. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: An online legislative database, Legiscan, was used to collect bills related to school nutrition from the US from 2010 to 2019. Bills were coded and compiled into a study database with state-level dietary variables (obesity prevalence, fruit, and vegetable intake, sugar-sweetened beverage consumption), community variables (percent White, poverty), and bill-characteristic variables (party affiliation in legislature, strength of language, party of governor, school gardens, vegetable intake, and other salient variables)...