Cloth diaper

The concentration of dopamine (DA) and tyrosine (Tyr) reflects the condition of patients with Parkinson's disease, whereas moderate paracetamol (PA) can help relieve their pain. Therefore, real-time measurements of these bioanalytes have important clinical implications for patients with Parkinson's disease. However, previous sensors suffer from either limited sensitivity or complex fabrication and integration processes. This work introduces a simple and cost-effective method to prepare high-quality, flexible titanium dioxide (TiO2 ) thin films with highly reactive (001)-facets...

BACKGROUND: Patients often experience late complications following treatment for colorectal and anal cancer. Although several measurement tools exist to classify the severity of these symptoms, little is known about how patients personally experience and adapt to these complications. This study aimed to investigate patients' experiences and coping strategies in relation to these symptoms. METHODS: We conducted an explorative qualitative interview study to gather data...

Disposable diapers are becoming increasingly popular and present an emerging challenge for global waste management, particularly within LMICs. They offer a cheap and convenient way for caregivers to manage child excreta; however, insufficient understanding of safe disposal methods, combined with limited access to waste management services results in hazardous disposal. Used diapers are being increasingly found dumped in the open environment, including in water bodies and in open fields, leading to faecal contamination of the environment and an enhanced risk of transmission of faecal-oral diseases such as cholera and typhoid...

To investigate effects of diaper-free times, elimination communication (EC) and early toilet training, a web-based survey was conducted for caregivers. The more diaper-free times an infant experienced during day, the earlier it was toilet trained ( P < .001), which was enhanced by the usage of cloth diapers. The amount of diaper-free times significantly reduced the caregiver's continuous sleep, the occurrence of rashes and balm usage ( P < .001) and lead to a more regular defecation frequency. Cloth diaper usage had no effect on rashes or balm usage, but on diaper change rate ( P < ...

BACKGROUND: The most common complication of circumcision is bleeding. Monitoring bleeding by visual assessment of the diaper can cause errors due to the high absorbency of diapers. The patient may have had significant problems before the visible changes. The amount of liquid that wets the cloth does not necessarily lead to a visual change consistent with the amount, and the nature of the liquid contaminating the diaper may cause difficulties in terms of visual evaluation. Making a decision based on the visual changes in the patient's diaper cannot be considered as reliable...

BACKGROUND: Diaper need is a lack of reliable access to a sufficient quantity of diaper supplies. It is an essential pediatric social determinant of health measure that is useful for exploring the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on families of young children. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to identify the predictors of diaper need and the associations between diaper need and psychosocial outcomes among under-resourced families with neurodiverse children. METHODS: This cross-sectional study included 129 caregivers of children aged 0 to 36 months who completed an online survey in early 2021, during the height of the COVID-19 pandemic...

PURPOSE: The purpose of this paper is to describe the design and pilot program of a parent designed clothing option for hospitalized infants and children and to better understand the importance and effects of hospital clothing on families. Little research has been done on how clothing a hospitalized child impacts the child's quality of life and their parent's perception of care. Research has been limited to clothing in adults and its relation to infection. DESIGN AND METHODS: A pediatric outfit (the Georgie) for hospitalized infants and children was designed based on insight from bedside nursing, physicians, parents, and supply chain personnel...

OBJECTIVES: to evaluate the effect of educational video on newborn care to increase the knowledge of pregnant, postpartum, and family members. METHODS: a quasi-experimental study, with pre-intervention and post-intervention evaluation with a single group. Fifty-eight pregnant, postpartum, and family members treated in basic health units and a hospital in Ceará, Brazil, participated. The study used the McNemar and binomial tests for the analysis. RESULTS: after the intervention, there was an increase in the frequency of hits, from 70...

OBJECTIVE: Previous retrospective studies have examined elimination signals, stool toileting refusal, and completion age in Assisted Infant Toilet Training (AITT). The aim of this longitudinal cohort study was to describe the practice of AITT and caregiver satisfaction in a primarily Western setting during the first year of life. METHODS: Families who started AITT before 4 months of age were recruited. Standardized interviews of caregivers were conducted at 1- to 2-month intervals...

Baby wipes are a commonly used cleansing method for infants. A literature review has been performed to assess if using baby wipes is beneficial or harmful compared to water and cloth in terms of nappy rash. This includes a detailed analysis of baby wipe ingredients, as many skin irritants as well as allergens are identified. MedLine, Embase and PubMed were searched and after 420 titles and abstracts were screened, 21 studies remained for inclusion. Baby wipes are deemed as superior to water and cloth in the majority of the literature...

BACKGROUND: Diaper dermatitis is a skin problem that has decreased with the development of new technologies in disposable diapers that prevent excessive moisture in the perianal region. The following clinical case shows the relationship between the use of cloth reusable diapers and the appearance of Jacquet erosive diaper dermatitis, a serious and rare complication of diaper dermatitis. CLINICAL CASE: We present the case of a 1-year-11-month-old patient, taken to the Dermatology department due to the presence of a lesion in the gluteal region...

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE: During the last decades, the development of the modern disposable diaper (DD) has changed the way we diaper our children, as they are safe, easy to use, comfortable and easy to dispose, compared to cloth diapers used earlier. Concurrently, the age of initiating toilet training (TT) is rising. We aimed to investigate the connection between DD usage and the tendencies seen in TT and childhood urinary incontinence, with specific interest on studies evaluating the effect of diapering on enuresis...

Diaper need is a form of material hardship that acutely affects families with young children, is not currently addressed by US antipoverty programs, and has received little public or scientific attention. This study examined the association between diaper need and risk for food insecurity in a statewide sample of participants in the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC). Families enrolled in Vermont WIC in August 2019 were invited to an online survey that included questions related to diaper need and food need...

Worldwide, diverse racial/ethnic groups have disproportionately higher drowning rates. Learning to swim and wearing life jackets decrease drowning risk. We evaluated aquatic facilities' policies regarding use of life jackets, clothing, and diapers through a lens of social justice, equity, and inclusion to ensure they met the needs of the diverse high-risk groups they serve and changing aquatic activities and programs. Public recreational pools, beach and waterpark facilities in the US and international organizations were surveyed regarding their policies on life jacket use, clothing, and diapers between 2015 and 2016...

Toilet training is a significant developmental milestone in early childhood. Most U.S. children achieve the physiologic, cognitive, and emotional development necessary for toilet training by 18 to 30 months of age. Markers of readiness for toilet training include being able to walk, put on and remove clothing, and follow parental instruction; expressive language; awareness of a full bladder or rectum; and demonstrated dissatisfaction with a soiled diaper. Other readiness cues include imitating toileting behavior, expressing desire to toilet, and demonstrating bladder or bowel control (staying dry through a nap or through the night)...

BACKGROUND: To identify the prevalence and risk factors associated with diaper dermatitis in Thai children aged 1-24 months. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study of 1153 participants using structural questionnaires, which was conducted at Khon Kaen University Faculty of Medicine Pediatric department in Thailand. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to test the association between diaper dermatitis and its possible risk factors...

The skin of premature infants is underdeveloped rendering it more prone to break down and irritation. Therefore, special care is needed to protect premature skin and ensure it is not adversely affected. Many health care professionals advise using just water and cloth to clean diapered skin after a bowel movement despite evidence that shows improved infant skin health with the use of modern appropriately formulated baby wipes. This article describes the unique physiology of premature infant skin, reviews clinical evidence comparing use of baby wipes to water and cloth, and describes attributes of appropriately formulated baby wipes...

OBJECTIVE: To assess the menstrual hygiene needs of low-income women in St. Louis, Missouri. METHODS: Using an exploratory, cross-sectional design, women 18 years of age and older were recruited from a purposive sample of 10 not-for-profit community organizations that serve low-income women in St. Louis. From July 2017 to March 2018, 183 interviewer-administered surveys and three focus group discussions were conducted. Surveys and focus groups identified where and how women access menstrual hygiene products and what they do when they cannot afford to buy them...

Granuloma gluteale infantum is a rare nodular complication of irritant diaper dermatitis. The association of this condition with the widespread use of nondisposable cloth diapers has been increasingly recognized. We present the case of an 18-month-old girl with granuloma gluteale infantum. Our aims are to emphasize the importance of clinical recognition of this re-emerging complication of diaper dermatitis and to point out the potential role of topical calcineurin inhibitors as a treatment option.

Irritant diaper dermatitis occurs at a higher frequency with cloth diaper use than disposable diapers. We present four cases of vesiculobullous, erosive diaper dermatitis occurring in older infants and toddlers with cloth diaper use that resolved completely after transitioning to disposable diapers. This is the first report of vesicles and bullae as a type of irritant diaper dermatitis.