optometry

SIGNIFICANCE: This multicenter study assessed clinical and psychological aspects of infantile nystagmus syndrome (INS) focusing on its management and nonsurgical treatment. PURPOSE: This study aimed to assess clinical features, management, relationship life, and psychological impact in a group of patients with nystagmus onset in pediatric age. METHODS: This observational study included patients diagnosed with INS referred to two Italian centers from January 1, 2017, to December 31, 2020...

SIGNIFICANCE: A wearable optical apparatus that compensates for eye misalignment (strabismus) to correct for double vision (diplopia) is proposed. In contrast to prism lenses, commonly used to compensate for horizontal and/or vertical misalignment, the proposed approach is able to compensate for any combination of horizontal, vertical, and torsional misalignment. PURPOSE: If the action of the extraocular muscles is compromised (e.g., by nerve damage), a patient may lose their ability to maintain visual alignment, negatively affecting their binocular fusion and stereo depth perception capability...

SIGNIFICANCE: Spatio-Temporal Optical Phase technology utilizes film pairs containing optical elements applied to standard single-vision spectacle lenses. This technology provides a dynamic optical cue that may have efficacy in reducing the rate of myopia progression, but the visual performance of this technology is unknown. PURPOSE: This study aimed to assess the visual performance of film pairs containing optical elements (tests) and a film pair with no optical elements (control)...

SIGNIFICANCE: Results of this study provide preliminary data on parent strategies for improving compliance with eyeglass treatment in young children, an age group for which previous data are limited. Parent responses provide important insights to support parents of young children who wear eyeglasses and provide preliminary data to guide additional research. PURPOSE: The goal of this exploratory study was to learn more about parents' strategies to improve compliance with eyeglass treatment of young children...

SIGNIFICANCE: Clinicians and researchers would benefit from being able to predict the onset of myopia for an individual child. This report provides a model for calculating the probability of myopia onset, year-by-year and cumulatively, based on results from the largest, most ethnically diverse study of myopia onset in the United States. PURPOSE: This study aimed to model the probability of the onset of myopia in previously nonmyopic school-aged children. METHODS: Children aged 6 years to less than 14 years of age at baseline participating in the Collaborative Longitudinal Evaluation of Ethnicity and Refractive Error (CLEERE) Study who were nonmyopic and less hyperopic than +3...

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

SIGNIFICANCE: Central corneal epithelial thinning associated with midperipheral epithelial thickening has been reported as the main factor contributing to the effectiveness of orthokeratology (ortho-k) in myopia control. Yet, the cellular mechanism governing the regional change in refractive power remains elusive. PURPOSE: This study aimed to evaluate the correlation between the regional change in corneal epithelial thickness and cell density in ortho-k wearers...

PURPOSE: Previous research highlights the adverse effects of visual impairment (VI) on academic achievement in children, yet its impact on cognitive performance among adolescents and young adults remains under-studied. Therefore, this investigation aimed to analyse this association in a nationwide sample of Israeli adolescents. METHODS: A retrospective population-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 1,410,616 Israeli-born adolescents aged 16-19 years, who were assessed before mandatory military service between 1993 and 2017...

PURPOSE: This study compared in vivo crystalline lens shape measurements using B-scan images from the IOLMaster 700 with phakometry. METHODS: Twenty-four young adult participants underwent IOLMaster 700 and phakometry measurements under cycloplegia (1% cyclopentolate). The IOLMaster 700 generated B-scan images along six meridians in 30° increments, which were analysed using custom MATLAB software to determine lens surface radii of curvature. Phakometry measurements were obtained using Purkinje images reflected from the lens surfaces...

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

PURPOSE: To present a paraxial method to estimate the influence of variations in ocular biometry on changes in refractive error (S) at a population level and apply this method to literature data. METHODS: Error propagation was applied to two methods of eye modelling, referred to as the simple method and the matrix method. The simple method defines S as the difference between the axial power and the whole-eye power, while the matrix method uses more accurate ray transfer matrices...

PURPOSE: This study aimed to compare the preoperative clinical features of patients with sensory esotropia (ET) and sensory exotropia (XT). METHODS: In a retrospective study, the medical records of 13,252 patients who underwent strabismus surgery were reviewed at the Farabi Eye Hospital, Iran, from 2012 to March 2022. There were 1017 patients with sensory horizontal strabismus whose, in their worse eye, had corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA) equal to or <20/160 tested with the Snellen chart...

BACKGROUND: To investigate the impact of wearing spectacle lenses with highly aspherical lenslets (HAL) for 3 years and the impact of switching from single-vision lenses (SVL) to HAL on choroidal thickness (ChT). METHODS: Fifty-one participants who had already worn HAL for 2 years continued wearing them for an additional year (HAL group). Further, 50 and 41 participants who had worn spectacle lenses with slightly aspherical lenslets (SAL) and SVL for 2 years, respectively, switched to wearing HAL for another year (SAL-HAL and SVL-HAL groups)...

CLINICAL RELEVANCE: This clinical trial was conducted as part of the marketing procedures for a medical device comprising artificial tears containing Artemia salina extract with dinucleotides. These molecules previously demonstrated secretagogue properties by enhancing the production of aqueous, mucinous, and lipidic components of the tears. BACKGROUND: After confirming the efficacy of artificial tears containing Artemia salina extract in an animal model, this study proceeded to evaluate their efficacy and safety on dry eye participants...

BACKGROUND: Clinical training, supervision and practice are the most important aspects of health profession education, including optometry. Institutions implore various methods for students to gain access, exposure and experience in different clinical environments, away from their normal academic settings. AIM: This review aimed to investigate studies and related documentary evidence to determine existing standards and methods for educational institutions in conducting optometry clinical training at the external sites...

CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Tear meniscus height (TMH) is an important clinical marker in dry eye diagnosis and management. PURPOSE: To evaluate the reproducibility and agreement of TMH measurements in non-clinical participants using the Oculus Keratograph 5 M, Medmont Meridia, and Spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (Spectralis SD-OCT). METHODS: Fifty-six participants (mean 43.8 ± 22.4 years) were recruited for this cross-sectional study...

CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Accurate colour vision assessment is important in clinical settings to minimise false-positive errors and enhance the reliability of diagnoses outcomes. BACKGROUND: Colour vision testing is valuable in assessing the visual system, particularly given the high proportion of individuals with poor vision. This study aimed to determine the minimum visual acuity level required to perform a colour-vision test without errors. METHODS: After fogging the right eyes of 52 healthy participants using plus lenses to 1...

PURPOSE: To report the change in the magnitude of near exodeviation in children with symptomatic convergence insufficiency successfully treated with office-based vergence/accommodative therapy in the Convergence Insufficiency Treatment Trial-Attention and Reading Trial. METHODS: A total of 131 children 9-14 years of age with symptomatic convergence insufficiency classified as successfully treated with office-based vergence/accommodative therapy at the 16-week outcome visit were included...

PURPOSE: To examine the prevalence of loneliness and associated factors in young adults with vision impairment (VI), including quality of life (QoL) in India. METHODS: Two hundred and three VI young adults (18-35 years) and 219 age-matched non-VI (controls) adults completed the loneliness scale, WHOQOL-BREF, Social Network Index (SNI) (network diversity, people in network size and number of embedded network subscales) and questions regarding sociodemographic characteristics and independent mobility...

CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Acute anterior uveitis (AAU) can lead to the thickening of the peripapillary retinal nerve fibre layer (pRNFL) and induce refractive changes during its active phase. BACKGROUND: AAU is a common form of uveitis characterised by inflammation in the anterior chamber. A notable prevalence of optical coherence tomography - defined pRNFL thickening was observed among patients with AAU. The alterations in pRNFL thickness and their associations with other relevant ocular parameters in patients with AAU were investigated...